垂直溜井中卸矿对物料的冲击夯实作用及其预防
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摘要
垂直溜井中的矿岩运动会对井内储料产生冲击,使松散储料被夯实,进而引发溜井的悬拱堵塞。在总结垂直溜井中矿岩运动特征的基础上,分析了溜井中物料运动全过程的能量转化与耗散特征,讨论了物料运动对井内储料冲击夯实作用机理与冲击夯实过程,并给出了矿山预防冲击夯实作用的综合措施。研究表明:①矿岩块在垂直溜井中下落时,底部储料受冲击的能量大小与矿岩落差和矿岩块质量成正比关系;②下落矿岩块的冲击力在井内储料中矿块之间相互传递形成了一种"力链"的作用效果,冲击力越大,夯实的密实度和范围也越大,夯实范围大小与冲击过程中的能量耗散速度成反比关系;③控制进入溜井的矿岩块度和降低矿岩块在溜井中的落差,是预防井内储料被冲击夯实的有效措施。
The impacting of the movement of ore or rock in a vertical orepass on the stored materials could ram the loose materials,draw the suspension arch and the blockage of orepass.On the basis of summing up the movement characteristics of ore or rock in vertical orepass,the energy conversion and dissipation characteristics of the whole process of material movement are analyzed,the mechanism and the process of moving ore or rock impact-ramming on stored materials in the orepass are discussed,and the comprehensive measures for preventing impact-ramming are given combined with an example on mines.The study results show that:①when the ore or rock block falls in a vertical orepass,the impact energy on the stored materials at the orepass bottom is proportional to the height of the ore or rock falling and the quality of the falling ore or rock block;②the impact force of falling ore or rock is transferred between ore or rock blocks in the orepass formed a"force chain"effect,the greater the impact force,the greater the ramming degree and scope of densification,the ramming range is inversely proportional to the velocity of the energy dissipation in the impact process;③the effective measures to prevent the impact-ramming of the material stored in the orepass is controlling the size of ore or rock entering the orepass and reducing the falling distance of orerock blocks in the orepass.
The impacting of the movement of ore or rock in a vertical orepass on the stored materials could ram the loose materials,draw the suspension arch and the blockage of orepass.On the basis of summing up the movement characteristics of ore or rock in vertical orepass,the energy conversion and dissipation characteristics of the whole process of material movement are analyzed,the mechanism and the process of moving ore or rock impact-ramming on stored materials in the orepass are discussed,and the comprehensive measures for preventing impact-ramming are given combined with an example on mines.The study results show that:①when the ore or rock block falls in a vertical orepass,the impact energy on the stored materials at the orepass bottom is proportional to the height of the ore or rock falling and the quality of the falling ore or rock block;②the impact force of falling ore or rock is transferred between ore or rock blocks in the orepass formed a"force chain"effect,the greater the impact force,the greater the ramming degree and scope of densification,the ramming range is inversely proportional to the velocity of the energy dissipation in the impact process;③the effective measures to prevent the impact-ramming of the material stored in the orepass is controlling the size of ore or rock entering the orepass and reducing the falling distance of orerock blocks in the orepass.
引文
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[19]宋卫东,王洪永,王欣,等.采区溜井卸矿冲击载荷作用的理论分析与验证[J].岩土力学,2011,32(2):326-332.Song Weidong,Wang Hongyong,Wang Xin,et al.Theoretical analysis and test of impact load due to ore dumping in chute[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(2):326-332.
[20]路增祥.主溜井及矿仓的复合加固工艺[J].金属矿山,2004(2):26-30.Lu Zengxiang.Compound reinforcement technology for main orepass and ore bins[J].Metal Mine,2004(2):26-30.
[21]余洋先,周宗红.分支溜井在多分段放矿过程中的应用[J].矿冶,2016,25(6):23-26.Yu Yangxian,Zhou Zonghong.The application of ramose ore-pass in the process of multi-sublevel ore-drawing[J].Mining&Metallurgy,2016,25(6):23-26.
[2]胡黄龙.溜矿井堵塞与贮矿高度的关系[J].有色冶金设计与研究,1999,20(1):6-9.Hu Huanglong.Relationship between blockage and height of ore storage in pass mine[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering&Research,1999,20(1):6-9.
[3]路增祥,张治强,张国建.溜井运输中悬拱产生的机理及解决对策[J].中国矿业,2017,26(4):153-157.Lu Zengxiang,Zhang Zhiqiang,Zhang Guojian.Mechanism of hanging-up phenomena and its solving countermeasures in transportation of ore pass[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(4):153-157.
[4]Vo T,Yang H W,Russell A R.Cohesion and suction induced hangup in ore passes[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2016,87(5):113-128.
[5]陈永祺.高深溜井井筒堵塞处理技术的探讨[J].现代矿业,2010(9):122-124.Chen Yongqi.Discussion on technology of blockage treatment in high depth orepass[J].Modern Mining,2010(9):122-124.
[6]高文远,徐忠光.大断面长溜井高位堵塞疏通处理实践研究[J].金属矿山,2009(10):39-41.Gao Wenyuan,Xu Zhongguang.Practical research on dredging the high-level blockage for a long large-section chute[J].Metal Mine,2009(10):39-41.
[7]高峰旭,王晓辉.某铅锌矿主溜井堵塞原因分析及处理方法[J].现代矿业,2018(8):126-127.Gao Fengxu,Wang Xiaohui.Cause analysis and treatment measures of blockage of main chute in a Pb-Zn mine[J].Modern Mining,2018(8):126-127.
[8]曹涧泉,王万松.罗河铁矿主溜井堵塞原因分析及处理措施[J].现代矿业,2013(6):136-138.Gao Jianquan,Wang Wansong.Cause analysis and treatment measures of blockage of main chute of Luohe Iron Mine[J].Modern Mining,2013(6):136-138.
[9]刘艳章,李伟,邹晓甜,等.含水率和粉矿含量对金山店铁矿主溜井矿石流动性的影响[J].矿冶工程,2018,38(1):5-10.Liu Yanzhang,Li Wei,Zhou Xiaotian,et al.Effects of moisture content and powdered ore content ore fluidity in main ore-pass in Jinshandian Iron Mine[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2018,38(1):5-10.
[10]肖文涛.地下金属矿山采场溜井堵塞处理及预防措施[J].现代矿业,2015(6):27-28.Xiao Wentao.Treatment and preventive measures of orepass blockage in underground metal mine stope[J].Modern Mining,2015(6):27-28.
[11]刘铁军,陈昌云.金属矿山溜井放矿常见问题解析及优化设计探讨[J].黄金,2015,36(7):36-39.Liu Tiejun,Chen Changyun.Analysis of common problems of ore drawing in ore passes and discussion of optimization design in metallic mines[J].Gold,2015,36(7):36-39.
[12]陈杰,罗周全,谢承煜,等.地下金属矿山主溜井损伤分析及修复研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(12):10-16.Chen Jie,Luo Zhouquan,Xie Chengyu,et al.Research on damage mechanism and rehabilitation of main chute in underground metal mines[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(12):10-16.
[13]刘玉国,郝汝铤,彭艳苓,等.牛斜山石灰石矿溜井堵井原因及预防、处理措施[J].中国水泥,2017(1):118-121.Liu Yuguo,Hao Ruting,Peng Yanling,et al.Reasons of orepass blockkage and its prevention and treatment measures in Niuxieshan Limestone Mine[J].China Cement,2017(1):118-121.
[14]綦晓磊.直通深主溜井在获各琦铜矿使用中存在的问题及技术改造措施[J].有色金属:矿山部分,2017,69(3):19-22.Qi Xiaolei.Existing problems and technical transformation measures of shoot-through deep main orepass used in Huogeqi Copper Mine[J].Nonferrous Metals:Mining Section,2017,69(3):19-22.
[15]蔡美峰,路增祥,齐宝军.一种溜矿井堵塞的疏通方法及系统:201110040670.2[P].2012-11-28.Cai Meifeng,Lu Zengxiang,Qi Baojun.A dredging method and system for orepass blockage:201110040670.2[P].2012-11-28.
[16]吕向东.高深溜井井筒堵塞机理分析与治理[J].金属矿山,2015(11):158-163.Lyu Xiangdong.Mechanism analysis and control of deep shafts wellbore plugging[J].Metal Mine,2015(11):158-163.
[17]程汉臣,张庆,刘超.鸡笼山金矿溜井堵塞原因分析及堵塞疏通实例[J].黄金,2016,37(10):40-43.Cheng Hanchen,Zhang Qi,Liu Chao.Analysis of causes of ore pass clogging in Jilongshan Gold Mine and unclogging practices[J].Gold,2016,37(10):40-43.
[18]路增祥,马驰,殷越.冲击磨损作用下的溜井井壁变形破坏机理[J].金属矿山,2018(11):37-40.Lu Zengxiang,Ma Chi,Yin Yue.Mechanism of deformation and failure on orepass wall under impact and wear[J].Metal Mine,2018(11):37-40.
[19]宋卫东,王洪永,王欣,等.采区溜井卸矿冲击载荷作用的理论分析与验证[J].岩土力学,2011,32(2):326-332.Song Weidong,Wang Hongyong,Wang Xin,et al.Theoretical analysis and test of impact load due to ore dumping in chute[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(2):326-332.
[20]路增祥.主溜井及矿仓的复合加固工艺[J].金属矿山,2004(2):26-30.Lu Zengxiang.Compound reinforcement technology for main orepass and ore bins[J].Metal Mine,2004(2):26-30.
[21]余洋先,周宗红.分支溜井在多分段放矿过程中的应用[J].矿冶,2016,25(6):23-26.Yu Yangxian,Zhou Zonghong.The application of ramose ore-pass in the process of multi-sublevel ore-drawing[J].Mining&Metallurgy,2016,25(6):23-26.