基于故障分量的孤岛微电网保护
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摘要
微电网孤岛运行时的故障特性与并网情况有所区别,且与微电源的控制策略紧密联系,因而需要对孤岛微电网的保护进行具体的研究。根据U/f控制及PQ控制微电源在故障穿越下的故障模型,分析了不同故障类型时的输出电流特性,并对微电网中不同线路故障时各母线及馈线的相位特征进行分析,提出利用母线正序电压故障分量和各馈线正序电流故障分量的相位特征实现故障定位的孤岛微电网保护方案。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立了仿真模型,结果验证了该保护原理的正确性。
The fault characteristic of islanded microgrid is different from that of grid-connected microgrid,which is closely related to the control strategy of microsource,it is necessary to carry out specific research on the protection of islanded microgrid.According to the fault models of U/f controlled and PQ controlled microsources with fault ride-through (FRT) capacity,this paper analyzed their output current characteristics under different fault types and presented the phase characteristics in each bus and feeder when the fault occurs in different positions of microgrid.A protection principle is proposed to locate the fault point,which is based on phase characteristics between fault component of positive sequence bus voltages and those of feeder currents.Finally,a simulation model is established with PSCAD/EMTDC,and the results verify the validity of the proposed protection principle.
The fault characteristic of islanded microgrid is different from that of grid-connected microgrid,which is closely related to the control strategy of microsource,it is necessary to carry out specific research on the protection of islanded microgrid.According to the fault models of U/f controlled and PQ controlled microsources with fault ride-through (FRT) capacity,this paper analyzed their output current characteristics under different fault types and presented the phase characteristics in each bus and feeder when the fault occurs in different positions of microgrid.A protection principle is proposed to locate the fault point,which is based on phase characteristics between fault component of positive sequence bus voltages and those of feeder currents.Finally,a simulation model is established with PSCAD/EMTDC,and the results verify the validity of the proposed protection principle.
引文
[1]孟建辉,石新春,王毅,等.改善微电网频率稳定性的分布式逆变电源控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(4):70-79.Meng Jianhui,Shi Xinchun,Wang Yi,et al.Control strategy of DER inverter for improving frequency stability of microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(4):70-79.
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[13]Mirsaeidi S,Mat S D,Mustafa M W,et al.A protection strategy for micro-grids based on positivesequence component[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2015,9(6):600-609.
[14]Casagrande E,Woon W L,Zeineldin H H,et al.A differential sequence component protection scheme for microgrid with inverter-based distributed generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(1):29-37.
[15]Ustun T S,Ozansoy C,Zayegh A.Fault current coefficient and time delay assignment for microgrid protection system with central protection unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):598-606.
[16]潘国清,曾德辉,王钢,等.含PQ控制逆变型分布式电源的配电网故障分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):555-561.Pan Guoqing,Zeng Dehui,Wang Gang,et al.Fault analysis on distribution network with inverter interfaced distributed generations based on PQ control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):555-561.
[17]Guo Xiaoqiang,Zhang Xue,Wang Baocheng,et al.Asymmetrical rid fault ride-through strategy of threephase grid-connected inverter considering network impedance impact in low-voltage grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(3):1061-1068.
[18]Lopes J A P,Moreira C L,Madureira A G.Defining control strategies for microgrids islanded operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(2):916-924.
[19]金强.分布式电源故障特性分析及微电网保护原理的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.
[20]韩海娟,牟龙华,郭文明.基于故障分量的微电网保护适用性[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(3):90-96.Han Haijuan,Mu Longhua,Guo Wenming.Adaptability of microgrid protection based on fault component[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(3):90-96.
[2]沈沉,吴翔宇,王志文,等.微电网实践与发展思考[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(5):1-11.Shen Chen,Wu Xiangyu,Wang Zhiwen,et al.Practice and rethinking of microgrids[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(5):1-11.
[3]李霞林,郭力,王成山.微网主从控制模式下的稳定性分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):24-34.Li Xialin,Guo Li,Wang Chengshan.Stability analysis in a master-slave control based microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):24-34.
[4]侯李祥,卓放,师洪涛,等.基于系统稳定性分析的微电网阻抗测量技术[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(22):153-162.Hou Lixiang,Zhuo Fang,Shi Hongtao,et al.New techniques for measuring impedance characteristics of an islanded microgrid based on stability analysis[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(22):153-162.
[5]周龙,齐智平.微电网保护研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(13):147-154.Zhou Long,Qi Zhiping.A review of the research on microgrid protection development[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(13):147-154.
[6]郭文明,牟龙华.考虑灵活控制策略及电流限幅的逆变型分布式电源故障模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6359-6367.Gou Wenming,Mu Longhua.Fault model of inverterbased distributed generator considering flexible control strategy and current limitation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6359-6367.
[7]王成山,武震,李鹏.微电网关键技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):1-12.Wang Chengshan,Wu Zhen,Li Peng.Research on key technologies of microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):1-12.
[8]汪冬辉,姚旭,张坤贤,等.独立运行微电网的故障特征分析[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(3):52-58.Wang Donghui,Yao Xu,Zhang Kunxian,et al.Analysis on fault characteristics of independent microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(3):52-58.
[9]陶以彬,李官军,柯勇,等.微电网并/离网故障特性和继电保护的配置研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(11):95-100.Tao Yibin,Li Guanjun,Ke Yong,et al.Research on the fault characteristics and relay configuration of microgrid in the grid and off-grid mode[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(11):95-100.
[10]曾德辉,潘国清,王钢,等.含V/f控制DG的微电网故障分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2604-2611.Zeng Dehui,Pan Guoqing,Wang Gang,et al.Method of fault analysis on microgrid with distributed generation based on V/f control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2604-2611.
[11]李永丽,金强,李博通,等.低电压加速反时限过电流保护在微电网中的应用[J].天津大学学报,2011,44(11):955-960.Li Yongli,Jin Qiang,Li Botong,et al.Application of inversetime overcurrent protection based on low voltage acceleration in micro-grid[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2011,44(11):955-960.
[12]黄文焘,邰能灵,杨霞.微网反时限低阻抗保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):105-114.Huang Wentao,Tai Nengling,Yang Xia.Inverse-time low-impedance protection scheme for microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):105-114.
[13]Mirsaeidi S,Mat S D,Mustafa M W,et al.A protection strategy for micro-grids based on positivesequence component[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2015,9(6):600-609.
[14]Casagrande E,Woon W L,Zeineldin H H,et al.A differential sequence component protection scheme for microgrid with inverter-based distributed generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(1):29-37.
[15]Ustun T S,Ozansoy C,Zayegh A.Fault current coefficient and time delay assignment for microgrid protection system with central protection unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):598-606.
[16]潘国清,曾德辉,王钢,等.含PQ控制逆变型分布式电源的配电网故障分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):555-561.Pan Guoqing,Zeng Dehui,Wang Gang,et al.Fault analysis on distribution network with inverter interfaced distributed generations based on PQ control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):555-561.
[17]Guo Xiaoqiang,Zhang Xue,Wang Baocheng,et al.Asymmetrical rid fault ride-through strategy of threephase grid-connected inverter considering network impedance impact in low-voltage grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(3):1061-1068.
[18]Lopes J A P,Moreira C L,Madureira A G.Defining control strategies for microgrids islanded operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(2):916-924.
[19]金强.分布式电源故障特性分析及微电网保护原理的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.
[20]韩海娟,牟龙华,郭文明.基于故障分量的微电网保护适用性[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(3):90-96.Han Haijuan,Mu Longhua,Guo Wenming.Adaptability of microgrid protection based on fault component[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(3):90-96.