正负双序独立控制策略下的逆变型分布式电源不对称故障电流分析
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摘要
为揭示电网不对称故障下逆变型分布式电源的故障特征及机理,基于功率平衡和特性受控的思想,推导了基于正负双序独立控制策略下的短路电流表达式并分析了短路电流的影响因素。分析结果表明:逆变型分布式电源的正、负序电流dq轴分量是电压跌落作用下的二阶响应,三相正、负序电流由于二阶响应的超调一般呈现先逐渐增大后衰减到稳态值的趋势;逆变型分布式电源不对称故障电流的稳态值与输出的有功功率、无功功率以及正序电压、负序电压大小有关,暂态特性与变流器的控制参数以及故障瞬间电流相位紧密相关。PSCAD仿真和录波数据验证了理论推导的正确性。分析方法能够有效地表征逆变型分布式电源的故障特征,为通过变流器并网元件的故障特征分析和相关继电保护研究提供了理论参考。
In order to reveal the fault characteristics and fault mechanism of IIDG(Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generator),the fault current expressions under independent control strategy of positive-sequence and negative-sequence components are deduced based on the thought of power balance and controllable characteristics. Then the influencing factors of fault current are analyzed. The analytical results show:the daxis and q-axis components of positive-sequence and negative-sequence currents are second order response to voltage dip,and the trend of the three-phase positive-sequence and negative-sequence currents are firstly increasing gradually and then decreasing to a steady value due to the overshoot of second order response;the steady-state value of the positive-sequence and negative-sequence currents are related to the active power output,reactive power output and positive-sequence and negative-sequence voltages,and transient characteristics are closely related to control parameters of converter and current phase at the moment that fault occurs. Simulation on PSCAD and recording data verify the correctness of the theoretical deduction. The proposed analysis method can effectively reflects the fault characteristics of IIDG and provide theoretical reference to fault characteristic analysis of inverter's interfaced components and related relay protection.
In order to reveal the fault characteristics and fault mechanism of IIDG(Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generator),the fault current expressions under independent control strategy of positive-sequence and negative-sequence components are deduced based on the thought of power balance and controllable characteristics. Then the influencing factors of fault current are analyzed. The analytical results show:the daxis and q-axis components of positive-sequence and negative-sequence currents are second order response to voltage dip,and the trend of the three-phase positive-sequence and negative-sequence currents are firstly increasing gradually and then decreasing to a steady value due to the overshoot of second order response;the steady-state value of the positive-sequence and negative-sequence currents are related to the active power output,reactive power output and positive-sequence and negative-sequence voltages,and transient characteristics are closely related to control parameters of converter and current phase at the moment that fault occurs. Simulation on PSCAD and recording data verify the correctness of the theoretical deduction. The proposed analysis method can effectively reflects the fault characteristics of IIDG and provide theoretical reference to fault characteristic analysis of inverter's interfaced components and related relay protection.
引文
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[19]姜卫东,吴志清,胡杨,等.电网不对称时并网逆变器不同约束条件下控制问题分析[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(19):113-120.JIANG Weidong,WU Zhiqing,HU Yang,et al.Analysis of control strategy for grid-connected inverter under different constrain[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(19):113-120.
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.风电场接入电力系统技术规定:GB/T 19963—2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[21]国家电网公司.光伏电站接入电网技术规定:Q/GDW 617—2011[S].北京:国家电网公司,2011.
[2]焦在强.大规模风电接入的继电保护问题综述[J].电网技术,2012,36(7):195-201.JIAO Zaiqiang.A survey on relay protection for grid-connection of large-scale wind farm[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(7):195-201.
[3]汪冬辉,姚旭,张坤贤,等.独立运行微电网的故障特征分析[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(3):52-58.WANG Donghui,YAO Xu,ZHANG Kunxian,et al.Analysis on fault characteristics of independent microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(3):52-58.
[4]王晨清,宋国兵,刘凯,等.突变量保护对风电接入系统的适应性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5485-5492.WANG Chenqing,SONG Guobing,LIU Kai,et al.Adaptability analysis of fault component protection of power systems with wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5485-5492.
[5]习伟,张哲,陈卫,等.光伏逆变器短路特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(7):70-75.XI Wei,ZHANG Zhe,CHEN Wei,et al.Research on fault characteristic of the PV inverter[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(7):70-75.
[6]韩奕,张东霞.含逆变型分布式电源的微网故障特征分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(10):147-152.HAN Yi,ZHANG Dongxia.Fault analysis of microgrid composed by inverter-based distributed generations[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(10):147-152.
[7]BARAN M E,EL-MARKABY I.Fault analysis on distribution feeders with distributed generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(4):1757-1764.
[8]孔祥平,张哲,尹项根,等.含逆变型分布式电源的电网故障电流特性与故障分析方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(34):65-74.KONG Xiangping,ZHANG Zhe,YIN Xianggen,et al.Study on fault current characteristics and fault analysis method of power grid with inverter interfaced distributed generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(34):65-74.
[9]MARGOSSIAN H,SACHAU J,DECONINCK G.Short circuit calculation in networks with a high share of inverter based distributed generation[C]∥2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems(PEDG).Galway,Ireland:IEEE,2014:1-5.
[10]HOOSHYAR H,BARAN M E.Fault analysis on distribution feeders with high penetration of PV systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2890-2896.
[11]谭会征,李永丽,陈晓龙,等.带低电压穿越特性的逆变型分布式电源对配电网短路电流的影响[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(8):31-37.TAN Huizheng,LI Yongli,CHEN Xiaolong,et al.Influence of inverter-interfaced distributed generator with low-voltage ridethrough capability on short circuit current of distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(8):31-37.
[12]孔祥平,袁宇波,黄浩声,等.光伏电源故障电流的暂态特征及其影响因素[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2444-2449.KONG Xiangping,YUAN Yubo,HUANG Haosheng,et al.Fault current transient features and its related impact factors of PV generator[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2444-2449.
[13]周念成,叶玲,王强钢,等.含负序电流注入的逆变型分布式电源电网不对称短路计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(36):41-49.ZHOU Niancheng,YE Ling,WANG Qianggang,et al.Asymmetric short-circuit current calculation for inverter interfaced distributed generators with negative sequence current injection integrated in power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(36):41-49.
[14]肖磊,黄守道,黄科元,等.不对称电网故障下直驱永磁风力发电系统直流母线电压稳定控制[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(7):123-129.XIAO Lei,HUANG Shoudao,HUANG Keyuan,et al.DC voltage stability of directly-driven wind turbine with PM synchronous generator during the asymmetrical faults[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(7):123-129.
[15]徐金榜,何顶新,赵金,等.电压不平衡情况下PWM整流器功率分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(16):80-85.XU Jinbang,HE Dingxin,ZHAO Jin,et al.A new power analysis method of PWM rectifier with unbalanced voltage condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(16):80-85.
[16]申全宇,杨忠礼,宋国兵,等.一种含变流器电力元件的短路电流计算方法[J].西安交通大学学报,2015,49(4):24-30.SHEN Quanyu,YANG Zhongli,SONG Guobing,et al.Shortcircuit current computation method for electric elements with converter[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2015,49(4):24-30.
[17]宋国兵,常仲学,王晨清,等.直驱风机三相短路电流特性分析[J].西安交通大学学报,2015,49(10):1-7.SONG Guobing,CHANG Zhongxue,WANG Chenqing,et al.Three-phase fault current characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous generator[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2015,49(10):1-7.
[18]马亚辉,李欣然,徐振华,等.一种逆变并网型分布式电源统一模型[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):145-154.MA Yahui,LI Xinran,XU Zhenhua,et al.A unified model of gridconnected distributed generation through inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):145-154.
[19]姜卫东,吴志清,胡杨,等.电网不对称时并网逆变器不同约束条件下控制问题分析[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(19):113-120.JIANG Weidong,WU Zhiqing,HU Yang,et al.Analysis of control strategy for grid-connected inverter under different constrain[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(19):113-120.
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.风电场接入电力系统技术规定:GB/T 19963—2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[21]国家电网公司.光伏电站接入电网技术规定:Q/GDW 617—2011[S].北京:国家电网公司,2011.