挡土墙地震土压力计算方法研究综述
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摘要
针对当前我国现行规范中地震土压力计算方法属于静力学范畴,忽略了地震波的动力效应的现状,为进一步了解实际地震作用下挡土墙墙背土压力情况,按拟静力、拟动力、动力分析的思路总结了地震土压力计算方法的研究现状和进展,评述了拟静力法、拟动力法、弹性波法、数值法等各方法的优缺点,并指出各方法存在问题和今后发展趋势。结果表明:地震作用的复杂性,使得在地震土压力计算既要考虑静力因素,如:填土性质、墙背形式和地层分布;又要考虑动力因素,如:表面荷载和地震动特征。考虑因素的不同使得各方法存在一定局限性。目前对于不同地震土压力计算方法仍需解决4个方面问题:(1)对拟静力法,考虑填土参数和动力荷载的影响,提出合理地震参数。(2)考虑瑞利波影响,提出更加合理的拟动力法地震土压力计算公式。(3)提高弹性波法在大应变荷载下的适用性。(4)寻找合理的参数获取途径,提高数值法中弹塑性非线性本构模型模拟精度。
According to the seismic earth pressure calculation method applied in China present regulations was in a statics category,a dynamic effect of the seismic wave was ignored. In order to further understand the back earth pressure condition of the retaining wall under the actual seismic effect,based on the proposed static,proposed dynamic and dynamic analysis idea,the paper summarized the study status and progress of the seismic earth pressure calculation method,certainly including the proposed static method,proposed dynamic method,elastic wave method and numerical method. The advantage and disadvantage of each method was stated and the existed problem and late development tendency of each method was pointed out. The results showed that due to the complexity of the seismic effect,thus the seismic earth pressure calculation not only should consider the static factors,such as the backfilled earth property,back mode and strata distribution and should consider the dynamic factors,such as the surface loading and seismic activity features. The difference of the factor considered would make each method with a certain limit. There were four aspect problems to be solved for the calculation method of different seismic earth pressure. Firstly,the proposed static method should consider the backfilled earth parameters and the dynamic load influences and the rational seismic parameters should be provided. Secondly,to consider the influences of the Rayleigh wave,a more rational seismic earth pressure calculation formula of the proposed dynamic method should be provided. Thirdly,the suitability of the elastic wave method under the high strain load should be improved. Finally,an access to have numerical methods,rational parameters could improve the proposed accuracy of the elastic and nonlinear constitutive model in the numerical methods.
According to the seismic earth pressure calculation method applied in China present regulations was in a statics category,a dynamic effect of the seismic wave was ignored. In order to further understand the back earth pressure condition of the retaining wall under the actual seismic effect,based on the proposed static,proposed dynamic and dynamic analysis idea,the paper summarized the study status and progress of the seismic earth pressure calculation method,certainly including the proposed static method,proposed dynamic method,elastic wave method and numerical method. The advantage and disadvantage of each method was stated and the existed problem and late development tendency of each method was pointed out. The results showed that due to the complexity of the seismic effect,thus the seismic earth pressure calculation not only should consider the static factors,such as the backfilled earth property,back mode and strata distribution and should consider the dynamic factors,such as the surface loading and seismic activity features. The difference of the factor considered would make each method with a certain limit. There were four aspect problems to be solved for the calculation method of different seismic earth pressure. Firstly,the proposed static method should consider the backfilled earth parameters and the dynamic load influences and the rational seismic parameters should be provided. Secondly,to consider the influences of the Rayleigh wave,a more rational seismic earth pressure calculation formula of the proposed dynamic method should be provided. Thirdly,the suitability of the elastic wave method under the high strain load should be improved. Finally,an access to have numerical methods,rational parameters could improve the proposed accuracy of the elastic and nonlinear constitutive model in the numerical methods.
引文
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[4]SEED H B,WHITMAN R V.Design of earth retaining structures for dynamic loads[C]//Lateral Stresses in the Ground and Design of Earth Retaining Structures,ASCE,1970:103-147.
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[7]Matuo H,Ohara S.Lateral earth pressure and stability of quay walls during earthquakes[J].Technology Reports of the Yamaguchi University,1976,1:455-466.
[8]SHERIF M A,FANG Y S.Dynamic earth pressures on walls rotating about the top[J].Soils and Foundations,1984,24(4):109-117.
[9]ISHIBASHI I,FANG Y S.Dynamic earth pressures with different wall movement modes[J].Soils and Foundations,1987,27(4):11-22.
[10]PRAKASH S,SARAN S.Static and dynamic earth pressures behind retaining walls[C]//Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Earthquake Engineering,University of Roorkee,Roorkee,India,1966:73-78.
[11]DAS B M,PURI V K.Static and dynamic active earth pressure[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1996,14(4):353-366.
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[14]范宝华.摆线弧破裂面法求挡土墙上的土压力[C]//北京:中国土工学会第四届土力学及基础工程学术讨论会论文,1984:399-405.
[15]王贻荪,赵明华.地震土压力一般解及其工程应用[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,1990,17(4):76-82.WANG Yisun,ZHAO Minghua.General solution of earthquakeinduced soil pressure and its engineering application[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences,1990,17(4):76-82.
[16]陈学良,陶夏新.黏性土挡土墙地震土压力解析解[C]//武汉:全国地震工程学会会议,2002:35-40.
[17]王福彤,陈学良,陈宪麦,等.基于地震位移的重力式挡土墙的设计方法[P].中国:CN101211381,2008-07-02.
[18]MORRISON J E E,EBELING R M.Limit equilibrium computation of dynamic passive earth pressure[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1995,32(3):481-487.
[19]JYANT K.Seismic passive earth pressure coeffieients for sands[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2001,38(1):463-478.
[20]CHOUDHURY D,RAO K S S.Seismic passive resistance in soils for negative wall friction[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2002,39(4):971-981.
[21]SUBBA Rao K S,CHOUDHURY D.Seismic passive earth pressures in soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(1):131-135.
[22]顾慰慈,武全社,陈卫平.挡土墙墙背填土中滑裂体形状的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1988,10(2):49-56.GU Weici,WU Quanshe,CHEN Weiping,et al.Experimental study on the shape of slip body in retaining wall backfill[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1988,10(2):49-56.
[23]赵树德.用对数螺线滑动面计算挡土墙主动土压力[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2002,34(4):342-345.ZHAO Shude.Calculating active earth pressure on retaining wall with logarithmic sliding surface[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2002,34(4):342-345.
[24]SHAHGHOLI M.Horizontal slice method of analysis[J].Géotechnique,2 0 0 1,5 1(1 0):8 8 1-8 8 5.
[25]NOURI H,FAKHER A,Jones C.Development of horizontal slice method for seismic stability analysis of reinforced slopes and walls[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2006,24(3):175-187.
[26]NOURI H,FAKHER A,Jones C.Evaluating the effects of the magnitude and amplification of pseudostatic acceleration on reinforced soil slopes and walls using the limit equilibrium horizontal slices method[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2008,26(3):263-278.
[27]AZAD A,YASROBI S S,PAK A.Seismic active pressure distribution history behind rigid retaining walls[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28(5):365-375.
[28]张丽娟,米海珍.挡土墙填土曲线破裂面的地震主动土压力分析[J].建筑科学,2003,19(5):42-45.ZHANG Lijuan,MI Haizhen.Earthquake active earth pressure analysis of retaining wall fill curve breaking surfac[J].Building Science,2003,19(5):42-45.
[29]刘忠玉,杨会朋,何盛东.刚性挡土墙地震主动土压力的非线性分布[J].郑州大学学报:工学版,2004,25(2):36-38.LIU Zhongyu,YANG Huipeng,HE Shengdong,et al.Nonlinear distribution of seismic active earth pressure on rigid retaining wall[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University:Engineering Science Edition,2004,25(2):36-38.
[30]杨剑.挡土墙地震被动土压力的拟动力分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2012(3):365-371.YANG Jian.Quasi-dynamic analysis of passive earth pressure of retaining wall earthquake[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2012(3):365-371.
[31]林宇亮,杨果林,赵炼恒,等.地震动土压力水平层分析法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2581-2591.LIN Yuliang,YANG Guolin,ZHAO Lianheng,et al.Earthquake earth pressure level analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2581-2591.
[32]Steedman R S,Zeng X.The influence of phase on the calculation of pseudostatic earth pressure on a retaining wall[J].Géotechnique,1990,40(1):103-112.
[33]ZENG X,STEEDMAN R S.On the behavior of quay walls in earthquakes[J].Geotechnique,1993,43(3):417-431.
[34]AZAD A,YASROBI S S,PAK A.Seismic active pressure distribution history behind rigid retaining walls[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28(5):365-375.
[35]NIMBALKAR S,Choudhury D.Sliding stability and seismic design of retaining wall by pseudo-dynamic method for passive case[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27(6):497-505.
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