考虑土拱效应的管棚合理间距计算方法
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摘要
管棚作为隧道安全穿越不良地质地段的超前支护结构,依靠土拱效应发挥其支护作用,管棚间距与成拱效应密切相关。通过引入合理拱轴线,并考虑侧向土压力的影响,结合管棚间土拱破坏条件给出了管棚合理间距的计算方法,通过凤咀江隧道工程实例和离散元对比分析,验证了计算方法的合理性。进一步分析了管棚间距随管棚所处位置的变化规律以及管棚直径、土体参数等对管棚间距的影响规律。结果表明:当侧向土压力系数较小时,拱腰至边墙处管棚间距可适当调大;当侧向土压力系数较大时,拱顶至拱腰处管棚间距应适当减小。管棚间距随管棚直径和土体黏聚力的增加而线性增加,且与土体内摩擦角数呈正相关关系,随内摩擦角增大,对管棚间距的影响也越来越大。
As an advanced supporting structure of the tunnel safely passing through unfavorable geological areas, the pipe roof play its supporting role depending on the soil arch effect. The pipe roof spacing is closely related to the arching effect. In this paper, a method of calculating the rational spacing of pipe roof is developed by introducing rational arch axis, considering the effect of lateral earth pressure, and combining with failure conditions of soil arching. The rationality of the proposed method is verified through the case study of Fengjujiang tunnel and comparing with the result of discrete element method. Furthermore, the variation of pipe roof spacing with the location of pipe roof and the influence of pipe roof diameter and soil parameters on pipe roof spacing are analyzed.The results show that when the lateral earth pressure coefficient is low, the spacing between the hance and the side wall can be increased appropriately. However, when lateral earth pressure coefficient is high, the pipe roof spacing from vault to hance needs to be decreased appropriately. Pipe roof spacing increases linearly with the increase of pipe roof diameter and soil cohesion, and is positively correlated with the friction angles in soil. With the increase of internal friction angle, the influence of pipe roof spacing is also increasing.
As an advanced supporting structure of the tunnel safely passing through unfavorable geological areas, the pipe roof play its supporting role depending on the soil arch effect. The pipe roof spacing is closely related to the arching effect. In this paper, a method of calculating the rational spacing of pipe roof is developed by introducing rational arch axis, considering the effect of lateral earth pressure, and combining with failure conditions of soil arching. The rationality of the proposed method is verified through the case study of Fengjujiang tunnel and comparing with the result of discrete element method. Furthermore, the variation of pipe roof spacing with the location of pipe roof and the influence of pipe roof diameter and soil parameters on pipe roof spacing are analyzed.The results show that when the lateral earth pressure coefficient is low, the spacing between the hance and the side wall can be increased appropriately. However, when lateral earth pressure coefficient is high, the pipe roof spacing from vault to hance needs to be decreased appropriately. Pipe roof spacing increases linearly with the increase of pipe roof diameter and soil cohesion, and is positively correlated with the friction angles in soil. With the increase of internal friction angle, the influence of pipe roof spacing is also increasing.
引文
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[13]胡晓军,王建国.边坡加固工程中抗滑桩间距的确定[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(3):330-333.HU Xiao-jun,WANG Jian-guo.Determination of antislide piles spacing in side slope consolidation projects[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2007,35(3):330-333.
[14]李海光.新型支挡结构设计与工程实例[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.LI Hai-guang.Design of new type support structure and engineering examples[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.
[15]顾慰慈.挡土墙土压力计算手册[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005.GU Wei-ci.Soil pressure calculation manual for retaining wall[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.
[16]赵明华,廖彬彬,刘思思.基于拱效应的边坡抗滑桩桩间距计算[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1211-1216.ZHAO Ming-hua,LIAO Bin-bin,LIU Si-si.Calculation of anti-slide piles spacing based on soil arching effect[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1211-1216.
[17]国家铁路局.TB 10003-2016铁路隧道设计规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2017.National Railway Administration of the People’s Republic of China.TB 10003-2016 Code for design of railway tunnel[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2017.
[2]王道远,袁金秀,李俊,等.考虑施工特性的浅埋软弱洞口段管棚变形量预测及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(3):716-724.WANG Dao-yuan,YUAN Jin-xiu,LI Jun,et al.Deformation prediction of pipe roof in shallow soft portal section of tunnels considering construction feature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(3):716-724.
[3]董新平,彭中和.浅埋地下工程管棚法施工中合理管棚直径分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(9):1355-1360.DONG Xin-ping,PENG Zhong-he.Optimum diameter analysis of pipe roofs applied in underground engineering with shallow overburden[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(9):1355-1360.
[4]董新平,周顺华.软土地层开挖释放荷载引起管棚位移敏感度分析[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(11):61-64.DONG Xin-ping,ZHOU Shun-hua.Sensitivity analysis of pipe roof displacement induced by released load in excavation of soft ground[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(11):61-64.
[5]王海涛,贾金青,郁胜.隧道管棚预支护的力学行为及参数优化[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(4):78-83.WANG Hai-tao,JIA Jin-qing,YU Sheng.Mechanical behavior and parameter optimization of pipe roof reinforcement applied in tunnel[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010,23(4):78-83.
[6]TERZAGHI K.Theoretical soil mechanics[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons.Inc.,1943.
[7]顾问宇,李伟,冯金英.管棚超前支护在平顶直墙隧道中的优化设计[J].现代隧道技术,2009,46(3):48-52.GU Wen-yu,LI Wei,FENG Jin-ying.Optimized design of advance pipe-roofing for tunnels with flat roof and vertical walls[J].Modern Tunnelling Techology,2009,46(3):48-52.
[8]蒋良潍,黄润秋,蒋忠信.黏性土桩间土拱效应计算与桩间距分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3):445-450.JIANG Liang-wei,HUANG Run-qiu,JIANG Zhong-xin.Analysis of soil arching effects between adjacent piles and their spacing in cohesive soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(3):445-450.
[9]吴浩.管棚-箱涵工法中管棚合理间距分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(5):927-931.WU Hao.An analysis of the spacing between pipes in pipe roof box culvert construction method[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(5):927-931.
[10]孙玉永,周顺华,肖红菊,等.管棚法应用于软土地层的稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增刊2):4199-4206.SUN Yu-yong,ZHOU Shun-hua,XIAO Hong-ju,et al.Application of pipe roof method to stability analysis of soft ground[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Suppl.2):4199-4206.
[11]赵明华,陈耀浩,杨超炜.考虑土拱作用抗滑桩合理桩间距确定方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(增刊2):16-21.ZHAO Ming-hua,CHEN Yao-hao,YANG Chao-wei.Methods for determining rational spacing between anti-slide piles considering soil arching effects[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(Suppl.2):16-21.
[12]邱子义,韩同春,豆红强,等.桩后及桩侧土拱共同作用的抗滑桩桩间距分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2016,50(3):559-565.QIU Zi-yi,HAN Tong-chun,DOU Hong-qiang,et al.Analysis of spacing between anti-slide piles considering soil arch on lateral sides and back[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2016,50(3):559-565.
[13]胡晓军,王建国.边坡加固工程中抗滑桩间距的确定[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(3):330-333.HU Xiao-jun,WANG Jian-guo.Determination of antislide piles spacing in side slope consolidation projects[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2007,35(3):330-333.
[14]李海光.新型支挡结构设计与工程实例[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.LI Hai-guang.Design of new type support structure and engineering examples[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.
[15]顾慰慈.挡土墙土压力计算手册[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005.GU Wei-ci.Soil pressure calculation manual for retaining wall[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.
[16]赵明华,廖彬彬,刘思思.基于拱效应的边坡抗滑桩桩间距计算[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1211-1216.ZHAO Ming-hua,LIAO Bin-bin,LIU Si-si.Calculation of anti-slide piles spacing based on soil arching effect[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1211-1216.
[17]国家铁路局.TB 10003-2016铁路隧道设计规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2017.National Railway Administration of the People’s Republic of China.TB 10003-2016 Code for design of railway tunnel[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2017.