有机营养液灌溉频次和灌水量对设施甜瓜产量、品质及肥水利用效率的影响
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摘要
为研究高产优质甜瓜的有机管理模式,以甜瓜为试材,采用基质盆栽方式,设3种有机营养液灌溉频次(施用8次,每次每株750 mL, F_1;施用12次,每次每株500 mL, F_2;施用16次,每次每株375 mL, F_3)与2种单株灌水量(果实膨大前按120%日蒸腾蒸发量(ET)灌溉,之后按140%ET灌溉, W_1;果实膨大前按140%ET灌溉,之后按160%ET灌溉, W_2),共6个试验处理,随机区组试验设计,研究了不同处理对设施甜瓜光合特性、产量、品质及肥水利用效率的影响.结果表明:少量多次施用有机营养液可以显著提高甜瓜叶片光合速率,低灌水量显著提高果实产量和水分利用效率;高灌水量和中等有机营养液灌溉频次可使肥料利用率达到最高;少量多次有机营养液施用且相对适宜的水分供给提高了果实品质.回归分析发现,甜瓜果实维生素C含量与有机营养液灌溉频次呈指数函数y=0.214e~(0.18x)(R~2=0.851)相关.综合考虑产量、品质、水分利用效率等因素,F_3W_1处理可在保证产量的前提下,提高果实品质,且水分利用效率最大,可以实现设施有机甜瓜肥水高效管理.
To investigate the organic cultivation mode for high-yield and high-quality melon, we measured the growth of melon that grown in pots with different conditions of organic nutrient solution and irrigation. There were three irrigation frequencies of organic nutrient solution(8-time application, each time 750 mL per plant, F_1; 12-time application, each time 500 mL per plant, F_2; 16-time application, each time 375 mL per plant, F_3) and two different irrigation amount per single plant(irrigating by 120% daily evapotranspiration(ET) before fruit enlargement, by 140%ET after fruit enlargement, W_1; irrigating by 140%ET before fruit enlargement, by 160%ET after fruit enlargement, W_2), following a randomized block trial design. The effects of those treatments on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, quality, fertilizer and water use efficiency of melon were investigated. The results showed that photosynthetic rate of melon leaves was significantly increased by more frequent and less amount of organic nutrient solution application. Fruit yield and water use efficiency were significantly improved under low irrigation condition. Fertilizer utilization was optimal under the treatments of high irrigation and medium organic nutrient solution frequency. Fruit quality was improved under less organic nutrient solution and relatively suitable water supply. A mathematical model of exponential function y=0.214 e~(0.18)~x(R~2=0.851) could be used to quantify the relationship between the vitamin C content of melon fruit and frequency of organic nutrient solution application. Considering the variables, such as yield, quality and water use efficiency, F_3W_1 treatment was recommended with the aim to improve fruit quality and optimal water use efficiency under promising yield, which could achieve high-yield and high-quality cultivation of organic melon in facilities.
To investigate the organic cultivation mode for high-yield and high-quality melon, we measured the growth of melon that grown in pots with different conditions of organic nutrient solution and irrigation. There were three irrigation frequencies of organic nutrient solution(8-time application, each time 750 mL per plant, F_1; 12-time application, each time 500 mL per plant, F_2; 16-time application, each time 375 mL per plant, F_3) and two different irrigation amount per single plant(irrigating by 120% daily evapotranspiration(ET) before fruit enlargement, by 140%ET after fruit enlargement, W_1; irrigating by 140%ET before fruit enlargement, by 160%ET after fruit enlargement, W_2), following a randomized block trial design. The effects of those treatments on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, quality, fertilizer and water use efficiency of melon were investigated. The results showed that photosynthetic rate of melon leaves was significantly increased by more frequent and less amount of organic nutrient solution application. Fruit yield and water use efficiency were significantly improved under low irrigation condition. Fertilizer utilization was optimal under the treatments of high irrigation and medium organic nutrient solution frequency. Fruit quality was improved under less organic nutrient solution and relatively suitable water supply. A mathematical model of exponential function y=0.214 e~(0.18)~x(R~2=0.851) could be used to quantify the relationship between the vitamin C content of melon fruit and frequency of organic nutrient solution application. Considering the variables, such as yield, quality and water use efficiency, F_3W_1 treatment was recommended with the aim to improve fruit quality and optimal water use efficiency under promising yield, which could achieve high-yield and high-quality cultivation of organic melon in facilities.
引文
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[9] Li J-M (李建明), Fan X-Y (樊翔宇), Yan F-F (闫芳芳), et al. Effect of different irrigation amount based on transpiration model on yield and quality of muskme-lon. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2017, 33(21): 156-162 (in Chinese)
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[13] Dou C-Y (窦超银), Meng W-Z (孟维忠). Effects of fertigation frequency at fruiting stage on growth and yield of cucumber in greenhouse. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences (江苏农业科学), 2018, 46(7): 139-141 (in Chinese)
[14] Chen P (陈平), Dong J-X (董金旭), Zheng X-J (郑旋杰). Effects of fertilization frequency on growth character in green-turf of Agrostis stolonifera cultivar Yuexuan No.1 in summer. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2006, 22(3): 285-288 (in Chinese)
[15] Sui J (隋娟), Gong S-H (龚时宏), Wang J-D (王建东), et al. Effects of drip irrigation frequency on the distribution of soil water, soil temperature and maize grown in North China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2008, 22(4): 148-152 (in Chinese)
[16] Guo C (郭琛), Qi T (祁通), Hou Z-A (侯振安), et al. Effects of irrigation amount and frequency on the growth and yield of hybrid cotton under drip irrigation. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences (新疆农业科学), 2010, 47(9): 1872-1877 (in Chinese)
[17] Li Y-F (栗岩峰), Li J-S (李久生), Rao M-J (饶敏杰). Effects of drip fertigation strategies and frequencies on yield and root distribution of tomato. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2006, 39(7): 1419-1427 (in Chinese)
[18] Yang M-Y (杨美燕), Yang X-Z (杨秀珍). Effects of nutrient solution concentration and fertilization frequency on the growth and flowering of Saussurea bungeana in soilless culture. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences (江苏农业科学), 2013, 41(8): 181-184 (in Chinese)
[19] Zhou Y (周艳), Li M-S (李明思), Lan M-J (蓝明菊), et al. Effect of the frequency of fertilizer application on the grain yield and growth of spring wheat under drip irrigation. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage (灌溉排水学报), 2011, 30(4): 72-75 (in Chinese)
[20] Assouline S. The effects of microdrip and conventional drip irrigation on water distribution and uptake. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2002, 66: 1630-1636
[21] Li Z (李哲), Qu Z-Y (屈忠义), Ren Z-S (任中生), et al. Nitrogen use efficiency and ammonia oxidation of corn field with drip irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage (灌溉排水学报), 2018, 37(11): 37-42, 49 (in Chinese)
[22] Sun L-L (孙丽丽), Zou Z-R (邹志荣), Han L-R (韩丽蓉), et al. Effects of nutrition solution drip irrigation frequency on plant growth and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science) (西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版), 2015, 43(3): 119-124 (in Chinese)
[23] Lacascio SJ, Hochmuth GJ, Rhoads FM, et al. Nitrogen and potassium application scheduling effects on drip-irrigated tomato yield and leaf tissue analysis. Hortscience, 1997, 32: 230-235
[24] Qi H-Y (齐红岩), Li T-L (李天来), Zhang J (张洁), et al. Effects of irrigation on sucrose metabolism, dry matter distribution and fruit quality of tomato under water deficit. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2004, 37(7): 1045-1049 (in Chinese)
[25] Liu M-C (刘明池), Kojima T, Tanaka M, et al. Effect of soil moisture on plant growth and fruit properties of strawberry. Acta Horticulturae Sinica (园艺学报), 2001, 28(4): 307-311 (in Chinese)
[26] Cai D-S (蔡东升), Li J-M (李建明), Li H (李惠), et al. Effects of nutrient solution supply amount on yield, quality and volatile matter of tomato. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(3): 921-930 (in Chinese)
[27] Zhou R (周荣), Hamdy A. Effects of N application rate and frequency on nutrient uptake of pepper. Journal of Beijing Agricultural Engineering University (北京农业工程大学学报), 1994,14(3): 24-28 (in Chinese)
[28] Xi B-Y (席本野), Wang Y (王烨), Jia L-M (贾黎明). Effects of nitrogen application rate and frequency on biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake of Populus tomentosa under drip fertigation. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2017, 53(5): 63-73 (in Chinese)
[29] Xing Y-Y (邢英英), Zhang F-C (张富仓), Zhang Y (张燕), et al. Irrigation and fertilization coupling of drip irrigation under plastic film promotes tomato’s nutrient uptake and growth. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2014, 30(21): 70-80 (in Chinese)
[30] Li J-M (李建明), Pan T-H (潘铜华), Wang L-H (王玲慧), et al. Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on tomato photosynthesis, yield and water use efficiency. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2014, 30(10): 82-90 (in Chinese)
[2] Li W (李伟). Barriers and countermeasures for promoting organic agriculture. Management and Administration (经营与管理), 2007(2): 41-42 (in Chinese)
[3] Song S-W (宋世威), Philipp L, Yue J-G (乐建刚), et al. Analysis of plant growth, development and yield of muskmelon under organic and conventional production systems. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学学报), 2006, 37(3): 432-436 (in Chinese)
[4] Song S-W (宋世威),Yue J-G (乐建刚), Philipp L, et al. Comparative study of fruit quality of muskmelon in organic and conventional farming systems. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Agricultural Science) (上海交通大学学报: 农业科学版), 2008, 26(3): 212-217 (in Chinese)
[5] Song S-W (宋世威), Philipp L, Ge T-D (葛体达), et al. Difference in nitrogen uptake by muskmelon in organic and conventional farming systems. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报), 2009, 15(2): 197-201 (in Chinese)
[6] Yue J-G (乐建刚), Song S-W (宋世威), Philipp L, et al. Fruit development and sugar accumulation of muskmelon in organic farming system. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis (江西农业大学学报), 2007, 29(4): 526-532 (in Chinese)
[7] Wang P-B (王鹏勃), Li J-M (李建明), Ding J-J (丁娟娟), et al. Study on physical and chemical characteri-stics of compound substrate and effects on the growth of tomato seedling. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2014, 32(5): 137-142 (in Chinese)
[8] Zhang J-H (张钧恒), Ma L-L (马乐乐), Li J-M (李建明). Effects of all-organic nutrient solution and water coupling on quality, yield and water use efficiency of tomato. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2018, 51(14): 2788-2798 (in Chinese)
[9] Li J-M (李建明), Fan X-Y (樊翔宇), Yan F-F (闫芳芳), et al. Effect of different irrigation amount based on transpiration model on yield and quality of muskme-lon. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2017, 33(21): 156-162 (in Chinese)
[10] Gao J-F (高俊凤). Instruction for Plant Physiology Experiments. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006 (in Chinese)
[11] Wei Y-S (魏永胜), Liang Z-S (梁宗锁), Shan L (山仑), et al. Comprehensive evaluation on alfalfa drought-resistance traits by subordinate function values analysis. Pratacultural Science (草业科学), 2005, 22(6): 33-36 (in Chinese)
[12] Li L (李丽). Advances in research on crop yield components under water and fertilizer regulation. Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology (新疆农垦科技), 2016, 39(9): 38-41 (in Chinese)
[13] Dou C-Y (窦超银), Meng W-Z (孟维忠). Effects of fertigation frequency at fruiting stage on growth and yield of cucumber in greenhouse. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences (江苏农业科学), 2018, 46(7): 139-141 (in Chinese)
[14] Chen P (陈平), Dong J-X (董金旭), Zheng X-J (郑旋杰). Effects of fertilization frequency on growth character in green-turf of Agrostis stolonifera cultivar Yuexuan No.1 in summer. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2006, 22(3): 285-288 (in Chinese)
[15] Sui J (隋娟), Gong S-H (龚时宏), Wang J-D (王建东), et al. Effects of drip irrigation frequency on the distribution of soil water, soil temperature and maize grown in North China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2008, 22(4): 148-152 (in Chinese)
[16] Guo C (郭琛), Qi T (祁通), Hou Z-A (侯振安), et al. Effects of irrigation amount and frequency on the growth and yield of hybrid cotton under drip irrigation. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences (新疆农业科学), 2010, 47(9): 1872-1877 (in Chinese)
[17] Li Y-F (栗岩峰), Li J-S (李久生), Rao M-J (饶敏杰). Effects of drip fertigation strategies and frequencies on yield and root distribution of tomato. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2006, 39(7): 1419-1427 (in Chinese)
[18] Yang M-Y (杨美燕), Yang X-Z (杨秀珍). Effects of nutrient solution concentration and fertilization frequency on the growth and flowering of Saussurea bungeana in soilless culture. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences (江苏农业科学), 2013, 41(8): 181-184 (in Chinese)
[19] Zhou Y (周艳), Li M-S (李明思), Lan M-J (蓝明菊), et al. Effect of the frequency of fertilizer application on the grain yield and growth of spring wheat under drip irrigation. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage (灌溉排水学报), 2011, 30(4): 72-75 (in Chinese)
[20] Assouline S. The effects of microdrip and conventional drip irrigation on water distribution and uptake. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2002, 66: 1630-1636
[21] Li Z (李哲), Qu Z-Y (屈忠义), Ren Z-S (任中生), et al. Nitrogen use efficiency and ammonia oxidation of corn field with drip irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage (灌溉排水学报), 2018, 37(11): 37-42, 49 (in Chinese)
[22] Sun L-L (孙丽丽), Zou Z-R (邹志荣), Han L-R (韩丽蓉), et al. Effects of nutrition solution drip irrigation frequency on plant growth and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science) (西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版), 2015, 43(3): 119-124 (in Chinese)
[23] Lacascio SJ, Hochmuth GJ, Rhoads FM, et al. Nitrogen and potassium application scheduling effects on drip-irrigated tomato yield and leaf tissue analysis. Hortscience, 1997, 32: 230-235
[24] Qi H-Y (齐红岩), Li T-L (李天来), Zhang J (张洁), et al. Effects of irrigation on sucrose metabolism, dry matter distribution and fruit quality of tomato under water deficit. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2004, 37(7): 1045-1049 (in Chinese)
[25] Liu M-C (刘明池), Kojima T, Tanaka M, et al. Effect of soil moisture on plant growth and fruit properties of strawberry. Acta Horticulturae Sinica (园艺学报), 2001, 28(4): 307-311 (in Chinese)
[26] Cai D-S (蔡东升), Li J-M (李建明), Li H (李惠), et al. Effects of nutrient solution supply amount on yield, quality and volatile matter of tomato. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(3): 921-930 (in Chinese)
[27] Zhou R (周荣), Hamdy A. Effects of N application rate and frequency on nutrient uptake of pepper. Journal of Beijing Agricultural Engineering University (北京农业工程大学学报), 1994,14(3): 24-28 (in Chinese)
[28] Xi B-Y (席本野), Wang Y (王烨), Jia L-M (贾黎明). Effects of nitrogen application rate and frequency on biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake of Populus tomentosa under drip fertigation. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2017, 53(5): 63-73 (in Chinese)
[29] Xing Y-Y (邢英英), Zhang F-C (张富仓), Zhang Y (张燕), et al. Irrigation and fertilization coupling of drip irrigation under plastic film promotes tomato’s nutrient uptake and growth. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2014, 30(21): 70-80 (in Chinese)
[30] Li J-M (李建明), Pan T-H (潘铜华), Wang L-H (王玲慧), et al. Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on tomato photosynthesis, yield and water use efficiency. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2014, 30(10): 82-90 (in Chinese)