巢湖西部河口区沉积物氮磷分布特征与原位扩散通量估算
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摘要
选取巢湖西部重污染入湖河口区,研究表层沉积物氮磷污染特征,并运用Fick定律估算沉积物-水界面氮磷原位扩散通量.结果表明:南淝河、派河、十五里河河口表层沉积物总氮平均含量达到2208.17 mg·kg~(-1),氮形态以有机氮为主,占比达到90%以上.表层沉积物总磷平均含量为704.59 mg·kg~(-1),其中铁铝结合磷、活性有机磷和钙镁结合磷分别占比27%、28%和18%.河口区水体氨氮浓度从上覆水到孔隙水中总体呈上升趋势,沉积物表层(0~5 cm)孔隙水中氨氮平均浓度为25.42 mg·L~(-1),是上覆水中的7倍.沉积物孔隙水中硝氮与正磷酸盐浓度在垂向上随深度的增加呈先上升后降低的趋势,在沉积物-水界面附近达到浓度最高值.3个河口沉积物孔隙水中氮磷营养盐均向上覆水扩散,其中氨氮扩散通量分别为25.87、74.85与18.08 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1).硝氮与正磷酸盐扩散通量较低,范围分别在1.38~2.78和0.011~0.024 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1)之间.总体上看,巢湖西部河流入湖河口区表层沉积物氮污染严重,且存在较高的氮磷营养盐释放风险,应是巢湖富营养化控制过程中重点关注的区域.
River mouths of western Chaohu Lake were selected to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the surface sediments,meanwhile the diffusion flux at the sediment-water interface was estimated by using Fick' s law. The results show that the average concentration of total nitrogen in surface sediments of Nanfei River,Shiwuli River and Paihe River mouths was 2208.17 mg·kg~(-1),and the organic nitrogen was the major form of nitrogenous substances,accounting for more than 90% of TN. The average concentration of TP in surface sediments was 704. 59 mg · kg~(-1),among which Na OH-Pi,Na OH-Po and Ca-P account for 27%,28% and 18% of TP,respectively. The concentration of ammonia in water shows an uptrend with the increasing depth at river mouths,and the average concentration of ammonia in the pore water was 25.42 mg·L~(-1),which is seven times higher than that in the overlying water. Vertically,the content of nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate in the pore water tends to increase until reaching to the maximum near the sediment-water interface and then decrease. The nitrogen and phosphorus in all the sediments at three river mouths release from pore water to overlying water,and the ammonia fluxes were 25. 87,74. 85 and 18. 08 mg · m~(-2)· d~(-1),respectively. The fluxes of nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate were lower,ranging from 1.38 to 2. 78 and 0. 011 to 0. 024 mg · m~(-2)·d~(-1),respectively. Overall,the results in this paper indicate a serious pollution status of nitrogen and a high risk of nutrients release in surface sediments at river mouths,which should pay more attention in eutrophication control of Chaohu Lake.
River mouths of western Chaohu Lake were selected to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the surface sediments,meanwhile the diffusion flux at the sediment-water interface was estimated by using Fick' s law. The results show that the average concentration of total nitrogen in surface sediments of Nanfei River,Shiwuli River and Paihe River mouths was 2208.17 mg·kg~(-1),and the organic nitrogen was the major form of nitrogenous substances,accounting for more than 90% of TN. The average concentration of TP in surface sediments was 704. 59 mg · kg~(-1),among which Na OH-Pi,Na OH-Po and Ca-P account for 27%,28% and 18% of TP,respectively. The concentration of ammonia in water shows an uptrend with the increasing depth at river mouths,and the average concentration of ammonia in the pore water was 25.42 mg·L~(-1),which is seven times higher than that in the overlying water. Vertically,the content of nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate in the pore water tends to increase until reaching to the maximum near the sediment-water interface and then decrease. The nitrogen and phosphorus in all the sediments at three river mouths release from pore water to overlying water,and the ammonia fluxes were 25. 87,74. 85 and 18. 08 mg · m~(-2)· d~(-1),respectively. The fluxes of nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate were lower,ranging from 1.38 to 2. 78 and 0. 011 to 0. 024 mg · m~(-2)·d~(-1),respectively. Overall,the results in this paper indicate a serious pollution status of nitrogen and a high risk of nutrients release in surface sediments at river mouths,which should pay more attention in eutrophication control of Chaohu Lake.
引文
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古小治,张雷,柏祥,等.2010.南四湖湿地沉积物及孔隙水基本特性研究[J].环境科学,31(4):939-945
Hieltjes A H M,Lijklema L.1980.Fractionation of Inorganic Phosphates in Calcareous Sediments1[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,9(3):405-407
Huang J,Xi B D,Xu Q J,et al.2016.Experiment study of the effects of hydrodynamic disturbance on the interaction between the cyanobacterial growth and the nutrients[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,28(3):411-422
纪岚,杨立武,李菁.2006.南淝河水污染现状与可持续发展对策研究[J].安徽大学学报(自科版),30(4):91-94
姜霞,钟立香,王书航,等.2009.巢湖水华暴发期水-沉积物界面溶解性氮形态的变化[J].中国环境科学,29(11):1158-1163
Kaushal S S,Delaney-Newcomb K,Findlay S E G,et al.2014.Longitudinal patterns in carbon and nitrogen fluxes and stream metabolism along an urban watershed continuum[J].Biogeochemistry,121(1):23-44
Krom M D,Berner R A.1980.The diffusion coefficients of sulfate,ammonium,and phosphate ions in anoxic marine sediments[J].Limnology&Oceanography,25(2):327-337
Lavery P S,Oldham C E,Ghisalberti M.2010.The use of Fick's First Law for predicting porewater nutrient fluxes under diffusive conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,15(13):2435-2451
李宝,丁士明,范成新,等.2008.滇池福保湾沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散通量估算[J].环境化学,27(6):800-804
李强,霍守亮,王晓伟,等.2013.巢湖及其入湖河流表层沉积物营养盐和粒度的分布及其关系研究[J].环境工程技术学报,3(2):147-155
李如忠,洪齐齐,罗月颖.2010.巢湖十五里河沉积物污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学研究,23(2):144-151
刘成,邵世光,范成新,等.2014.巢湖重污染汇流湾区沉积物营养盐分布与释放风险[J].环境科学研究,27(11):1258-1264
Liu J,Ye L,Pan C,et al.2008.Study on nitrogen forms in Chaohu Lake and Wabu Lake sediments[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(32):14260-14261
刘路,洪天求,潘国林,等.2007.巢湖十五里河河口沉积物污染特征研究[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,30(3):364-366
刘姝,孔繁翔,蔡元锋,等.2012.巢湖四条入湖河流硝态氮污染来源的氮稳定同位素解析[J].湖泊科学,24(6):952-956
Meyers P A.1994.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter[J].Chemical Geology,144(3/4):289-302
Nedwell D B,Jickells T D,Trimmer M,et al.1999.Nutrients in Estuaries[J].Advances in Ecological Research,(8):43-92
潘延安,雷沛,张洪,等.2014.重庆园博园龙景湖新建初期内源氮磷分布特征及扩散通量估算[J].环境科学,35(5):1727-1734
逄勇,颜润润,余钟波,等.2008.风浪作用下的底泥悬浮沉降及内源释放量研究[J].环境科学,29(9):2456-2464
Reddy K R.1996.Resuspension and diffusive flux of nitrogen and phosphorus in a hypereutrophic lake[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,25(2):363-371
Slomp C P,Van der Gaast S J,Van Raaphorst W.1996.Phosphorus binding by poorly crystalline iron oxides in North Sea sediments[J].Marine Chemistry,52(1):55-73
Sndergaard M,Kristensen P,Jeppesen E.1992.Phosphorus release from resuspended sediment in the shallow and wind-exposed Lake Arres,Denmark[J].Hydrobiologia,228(1):91-99
Sndergaard M,Jensen J P,Jeppesen E.2003.Role of sediment and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,506-509(1/3):135-145
Spears B M,Carvalho L,Perkins R,et al.2006.Spatial and historical variation in sediment phosphorus fractions and mobility in a shallow lake[J].Water Research,40(2):383
孙飞跃.2012.巢湖西半湖底泥氮释放通量的估算[D].淮南:安徽理工大学
Ullman W J,Sandstrom M W.1987.Dissolved nutrient fluxes from the nearshore sediments of Bowling Green Bay,central Great Barrier Reef Lagoon(Australia)[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,24(3):289-303
Urban N R,Dinkel C,Wehrli B.1997.Solute transfer across the sediment surface of a eutrophic lake:I.Porewater profiles from dialysis samplers[J].Aquatic Sciences,59(1):1-25
汪嘉宁,赵亮,魏皓.2012.潮滩动力过程影响下扩散边界层和沉积物-水界面扩散通量的变化[J].科学通报,57(8):656-665
Warnken K W,Gill G A,Santschi P H,et al.2000.Benthic exchange of nutrients in Galveston Bay,Texas[J].Estuaries,23(5):647-661
王书航,姜霞,金相灿.2011.巢湖入湖河流分类及污染特征分析[J].环境科学,32(10):2834-2839
王绪伟,王心源,封毅,等.2007.巢湖沉积物总磷含量及无机磷形态的研究[J].水土保持学报,21(4):56-59
温胜芳,单保庆,张洪.2012.巢湖表层沉积物磷的空间分布差异性研究[J].环境科学,33(7):2322-2329
奚姗姗.2016.巢湖水体氮、磷结构特征、环境效应与防控对策研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学
夏守先,杨丽标,张广萍,等.2011.巢湖沉积物-水界面磷酸盐释放通量研究[J].农业环境科学学报,30(2):322-327
许志波,卢信,胡维平,等.2011.风浪作用下入湖河口内源释放特征[J].水科学进展,22(4):574-579
闫兴成,杨晓薇,黄烯茜,等.2016.太湖主要入湖河口表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].生态环境学报,25(9):1515-1521
张广萍,周美正,张延,等.2014.安徽派河流域水污染特征及原因分析[J].人民长江,45(18):20-24
张民,孔繁翔.2015.巢湖富营养化的历程、空间分布与治理策略(19842013年)[J].湖泊科学,27(5):791-798
昝逢宇,霍守亮,席北斗,等.2010.巢湖近代沉积物及其间隙水中营养物的分布特征[J].环境科学学报,30(10):2088-2096
张淑珍,赵钰,单保庆,等.2016.滏阳河表层沉积物氮分布特征和界面无机氮扩散通量估算[J].环境科学学报,36(5):1774-1781
张文慧.2017.水动力对太湖营养盐循环及藻类生长的影响[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院
张彦辉,朱慧娈,吴蕾,等.2016.南淝河水污染综合治理对策[J].安徽农业科学,44(24):49-52
Chen Y,Liu R,Sun C,et al.2012.Spatial and temporal variations in nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients in the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,64(10):2083-2089
Cieniawski S,Macdonald D D,Ingersoll C G.2002.EPA-905-B02-001-A,A Guidance Manual to Support the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments in Freshwater Ecosystems[S].Chicago,Illinois,United States:Great Lakes National Program Office
Falc2o M,Vale C.1998.Sediment-water exchanges of ammonium and phosphate in intertidal and subtidal areas of a mesotidal coastal lagoon(Ria Formosa)[J].Hydrobiologia,373-374:193-201
范成新,杨龙元.2000.太湖底泥及其间隙水中氮磷垂直分布及相互关系分析[J].湖泊科学,12(4):359-366
Grenz C,Denis L,Pringault O,et al.2010.Spatial and seasonal variability of sediment oxygen consumption and nutrient fluxes at the sediment water interface in a sub-tropical lagoon(New Caledonia)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,61(7/12):399-412
古小治,张雷,柏祥,等.2010.南四湖湿地沉积物及孔隙水基本特性研究[J].环境科学,31(4):939-945
Hieltjes A H M,Lijklema L.1980.Fractionation of Inorganic Phosphates in Calcareous Sediments1[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,9(3):405-407
Huang J,Xi B D,Xu Q J,et al.2016.Experiment study of the effects of hydrodynamic disturbance on the interaction between the cyanobacterial growth and the nutrients[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,28(3):411-422
纪岚,杨立武,李菁.2006.南淝河水污染现状与可持续发展对策研究[J].安徽大学学报(自科版),30(4):91-94
姜霞,钟立香,王书航,等.2009.巢湖水华暴发期水-沉积物界面溶解性氮形态的变化[J].中国环境科学,29(11):1158-1163
Kaushal S S,Delaney-Newcomb K,Findlay S E G,et al.2014.Longitudinal patterns in carbon and nitrogen fluxes and stream metabolism along an urban watershed continuum[J].Biogeochemistry,121(1):23-44
Krom M D,Berner R A.1980.The diffusion coefficients of sulfate,ammonium,and phosphate ions in anoxic marine sediments[J].Limnology&Oceanography,25(2):327-337
Lavery P S,Oldham C E,Ghisalberti M.2010.The use of Fick's First Law for predicting porewater nutrient fluxes under diffusive conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,15(13):2435-2451
李宝,丁士明,范成新,等.2008.滇池福保湾沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散通量估算[J].环境化学,27(6):800-804
李强,霍守亮,王晓伟,等.2013.巢湖及其入湖河流表层沉积物营养盐和粒度的分布及其关系研究[J].环境工程技术学报,3(2):147-155
李如忠,洪齐齐,罗月颖.2010.巢湖十五里河沉积物污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学研究,23(2):144-151
刘成,邵世光,范成新,等.2014.巢湖重污染汇流湾区沉积物营养盐分布与释放风险[J].环境科学研究,27(11):1258-1264
Liu J,Ye L,Pan C,et al.2008.Study on nitrogen forms in Chaohu Lake and Wabu Lake sediments[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(32):14260-14261
刘路,洪天求,潘国林,等.2007.巢湖十五里河河口沉积物污染特征研究[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,30(3):364-366
刘姝,孔繁翔,蔡元锋,等.2012.巢湖四条入湖河流硝态氮污染来源的氮稳定同位素解析[J].湖泊科学,24(6):952-956
Meyers P A.1994.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter[J].Chemical Geology,144(3/4):289-302
Nedwell D B,Jickells T D,Trimmer M,et al.1999.Nutrients in Estuaries[J].Advances in Ecological Research,(8):43-92
潘延安,雷沛,张洪,等.2014.重庆园博园龙景湖新建初期内源氮磷分布特征及扩散通量估算[J].环境科学,35(5):1727-1734
逄勇,颜润润,余钟波,等.2008.风浪作用下的底泥悬浮沉降及内源释放量研究[J].环境科学,29(9):2456-2464
Reddy K R.1996.Resuspension and diffusive flux of nitrogen and phosphorus in a hypereutrophic lake[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,25(2):363-371
Slomp C P,Van der Gaast S J,Van Raaphorst W.1996.Phosphorus binding by poorly crystalline iron oxides in North Sea sediments[J].Marine Chemistry,52(1):55-73
Sndergaard M,Kristensen P,Jeppesen E.1992.Phosphorus release from resuspended sediment in the shallow and wind-exposed Lake Arres,Denmark[J].Hydrobiologia,228(1):91-99
Sndergaard M,Jensen J P,Jeppesen E.2003.Role of sediment and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,506-509(1/3):135-145
Spears B M,Carvalho L,Perkins R,et al.2006.Spatial and historical variation in sediment phosphorus fractions and mobility in a shallow lake[J].Water Research,40(2):383
孙飞跃.2012.巢湖西半湖底泥氮释放通量的估算[D].淮南:安徽理工大学
Ullman W J,Sandstrom M W.1987.Dissolved nutrient fluxes from the nearshore sediments of Bowling Green Bay,central Great Barrier Reef Lagoon(Australia)[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,24(3):289-303
Urban N R,Dinkel C,Wehrli B.1997.Solute transfer across the sediment surface of a eutrophic lake:I.Porewater profiles from dialysis samplers[J].Aquatic Sciences,59(1):1-25
汪嘉宁,赵亮,魏皓.2012.潮滩动力过程影响下扩散边界层和沉积物-水界面扩散通量的变化[J].科学通报,57(8):656-665
Warnken K W,Gill G A,Santschi P H,et al.2000.Benthic exchange of nutrients in Galveston Bay,Texas[J].Estuaries,23(5):647-661
王书航,姜霞,金相灿.2011.巢湖入湖河流分类及污染特征分析[J].环境科学,32(10):2834-2839
王绪伟,王心源,封毅,等.2007.巢湖沉积物总磷含量及无机磷形态的研究[J].水土保持学报,21(4):56-59
温胜芳,单保庆,张洪.2012.巢湖表层沉积物磷的空间分布差异性研究[J].环境科学,33(7):2322-2329
奚姗姗.2016.巢湖水体氮、磷结构特征、环境效应与防控对策研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学
夏守先,杨丽标,张广萍,等.2011.巢湖沉积物-水界面磷酸盐释放通量研究[J].农业环境科学学报,30(2):322-327
许志波,卢信,胡维平,等.2011.风浪作用下入湖河口内源释放特征[J].水科学进展,22(4):574-579
闫兴成,杨晓薇,黄烯茜,等.2016.太湖主要入湖河口表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].生态环境学报,25(9):1515-1521
张广萍,周美正,张延,等.2014.安徽派河流域水污染特征及原因分析[J].人民长江,45(18):20-24
张民,孔繁翔.2015.巢湖富营养化的历程、空间分布与治理策略(19842013年)[J].湖泊科学,27(5):791-798
昝逢宇,霍守亮,席北斗,等.2010.巢湖近代沉积物及其间隙水中营养物的分布特征[J].环境科学学报,30(10):2088-2096
张淑珍,赵钰,单保庆,等.2016.滏阳河表层沉积物氮分布特征和界面无机氮扩散通量估算[J].环境科学学报,36(5):1774-1781
张文慧.2017.水动力对太湖营养盐循环及藻类生长的影响[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院
张彦辉,朱慧娈,吴蕾,等.2016.南淝河水污染综合治理对策[J].安徽农业科学,44(24):49-52