蓄水前后三峡库区香溪河沉积物磷形态分布特征及释放通量估算
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摘要
三峡库区汛末蓄水过程改变了支流库湾沉积物赋存环境,继而影响沉积物磷形态的分布特征和沉积物-水界面过程.本文通过对2016年8月(蓄水前)和10月(蓄水后)香溪河库湾沉积物和上覆水样品的采集分析,分析了蓄水前后库区干流和支流库湾底部沉积物磷形态分布特征及赋存的环境条件,估算了沉积物-水界面PO3-4-P交换通量.结果表明:蓄水后沉积物上覆水pH增加,碱性增强;Eh减少,还原性增强.沉积物中各形态磷相对含量由Na OH-P>HCl-P>OP转变为HCl-P>OP>Na OH-P,沉积环境的改变是磷形态变化的根本原因.沉积物中TP增加了1.3倍,上覆水ρ(PO3-4-P)是蓄水前3.7倍,间隙水ρ(PO3-4-P)是蓄水前8.3倍,增加了香溪河库湾沉积物营养盐释放风险.蓄水前后香溪河沉积物PO3-4-P总体均表现为"源",但PO3-4-P扩散通量由蓄水前的-0.002 9~0.005 9 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)增加为蓄水后的0.006 7~0.107 1 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),蓄水后香溪河库湾底部沉积物磷释放量增加.
The sediment storage environment in tributaries has been altered by impoundment of water in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,affecting the distribution of phosphorus forms in sediment and processes at the sediment-water interface. Through collection of sediment and overlying water samples in Xiangxi Bay in August 2016(before impoundment) and October(after impoundment),the distribution characteristics of sedimentary phosphorus and the environmental conditions of storage before and after impoundment were analyzed. Fluxes of PO3-4-P at the sediment-water interface were also estimated. Results show that pH increased,alkalinity and reducibility were enhanced,and Eh in sediments decreased after impoundment. The relative content of phosphorus in sediments changed as follows: Na OH-P > HCl-P > OP to HCl-P > OP > Na OH-P; this could be attributed to changes in the depositional environment. Compared to pre-impoundment values,TP values after impoundment in sediment,overlying water ρ(PO3-4-P),and interstitial water ρ(PO3-4-P) were 1. 3 times,3. 7 times,and 8. 3 times higher,increasing the risk of nutrient release in sediments of Xiangxi Bay. The manifestation of PO3-4-P in sendiments of Xiangxi River generally is "source " pre-impoundment and postimpoundment,but the PO3-4-P diffusive flux increased from-0. 002 9-0. 005 9 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1) pre-impoundment to 0. 006 7-0. 107 1 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1) post-impoundment. The release of phosphorus from sediments at the bottom of Xiangxi Bay increased after impoundment.
The sediment storage environment in tributaries has been altered by impoundment of water in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,affecting the distribution of phosphorus forms in sediment and processes at the sediment-water interface. Through collection of sediment and overlying water samples in Xiangxi Bay in August 2016(before impoundment) and October(after impoundment),the distribution characteristics of sedimentary phosphorus and the environmental conditions of storage before and after impoundment were analyzed. Fluxes of PO3-4-P at the sediment-water interface were also estimated. Results show that pH increased,alkalinity and reducibility were enhanced,and Eh in sediments decreased after impoundment. The relative content of phosphorus in sediments changed as follows: Na OH-P > HCl-P > OP to HCl-P > OP > Na OH-P; this could be attributed to changes in the depositional environment. Compared to pre-impoundment values,TP values after impoundment in sediment,overlying water ρ(PO3-4-P),and interstitial water ρ(PO3-4-P) were 1. 3 times,3. 7 times,and 8. 3 times higher,increasing the risk of nutrient release in sediments of Xiangxi Bay. The manifestation of PO3-4-P in sendiments of Xiangxi River generally is "source " pre-impoundment and postimpoundment,but the PO3-4-P diffusive flux increased from-0. 002 9-0. 005 9 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1) pre-impoundment to 0. 006 7-0. 107 1 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1) post-impoundment. The release of phosphorus from sediments at the bottom of Xiangxi Bay increased after impoundment.
引文
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[2]刘德富,杨正健,纪道斌,等.三峡水库支流水华机理及其调控技术研究进展[J].水利学报,2016,47(3):443-454.Liu D F,Yang Z J,Ji D B,et al.A review on the mechanism and its controlling methods of the algal blooms in the tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(3):443-454.
[3]郑丙辉,张远,富国,等.三峡水库营养状态评价标准研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(6):1022-1030.Zheng B H,Zhang Y,Fu G,et al.On the assessment standards for nutrition status in the Three Gorge Reservoir[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(6):1022-1030.
[4]杨正健.分层异重流背景下三峡水库典型支流水华生消机理及其调控[D].武汉:武汉大学,2014.Yang Z J.The mechanisms of algal blooms arid its operation method through water level fluctuation under the situation of the bidirectional density currents in tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservior[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2014.
[5]Dong L M,Yang Z F,Liu X H.Factors affecting the internal loading of phosphorus from calcareous sediments of Baiyangdian Lake in North China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64(6):1617-1624.
[6]徐进,徐力刚,龚然,等.鄱阳湖沉积物中磷吸附释放特性及影响因素研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(4):630-635.Xu J,Xu L G,Gong R,et al.Adsorption and release characteristic of phosphorus and influential factors in Poyang Lake sediment[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(4):630-635.
[7]黄清辉,王磊,王子健.中国湖泊水域中磷形态转化及其潜在生态效应研究动态[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(3):199-206.Huang Q H,Wang L,Wang Z J.Advance in the study on phosphorus speciation,transformation and its potential ecological effects in Chinese lakes[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2006,18(3):199-206.
[8]杨正健,刘德富,纪道斌,等.三峡水库172.5 m蓄水过程对香溪河库湾水体富营养化的影响[J].中国科学:技术科学,2010,40(4):358-369.Yang Z J,Liu D F,Ji D B,et al.Influence of the impounding process of the Three Gorges Reservoir up to water level 172.5 m on water eutrophication in the Xiangxi Bay[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2010,53(4):1114-1125.
[9]牛凤霞,肖尚斌,王雨春,等.三峡库区沉积物秋末冬初的磷释放通量估算[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1308-1314.Niu F X,Xiao S B,Wang Y C,et al.Estimation of releasing fluxes of sediment phosphorous in the Three Gorges Reservoir during late autumn and early winter[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1308-1314.
[10]王颖,沈珍瑶,呼丽娟,等.三峡水库主要支流沉积物的磷吸附/释放特性[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(8):1654-1661.Wang Y,Shen Z Y,Hu L J,et al.Adsorption and release of phosphorus from sediments from the main branches of the ThreeGorges Reservoir[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(8):1654-1661.
[11]李欣,纪道斌,宋林旭,等.香溪河沉积物-水界面的营养盐交换特征[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(8):1212-1220.Li X,Ji D B,Song L X,et al.Characteristics of nutrient exchange at the sediment-water interface in Xiangxi Bay[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(8):1212-1220.
[12]刘德富,黄钰铃,纪道斌,等.三峡水库支流水华与生态调度[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013.
[13]唐涛,黎道丰,潘文斌,等.香溪河河流连续统特征研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1):141-144.Tang T,Li D F,Pan W B,et al.River continuum characteristics of Xiangxi River[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(1):141-144.
[14]雒文生,谈戈.三峡水库香溪河库湾水质预测[J].水电能源科学,2000,18(4):46-48.Luo W S,Tan G.Three gorges reservoir Xiangxihe Bay water quality prognosis[J].International Journal Hydroelectric Energy,2000,18(4):46-48.
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[16]国家环境保护局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989.
[17]汪嘉宁,赵亮,魏皓.潮滩动力过程影响下扩散边界层和沉积物-水界面扩散通量的变化[J].科学通报,2012,57(8):656-665.Wang J N,Zhao L,Wei H.Variable diffusion boundary layer and diffusion flux at sediment-water interface in response to dynamic forcing over an intertidal mudflat[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(13):1568-1577.
[18]宋金明.中国近海沉积物-海水界面化学[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(6):590.
[19]Urban N R,Dinkel C,Wehrli B.Solute transfer across the sediment surface of a eutrophic lake:I.Porewater profiles from dialysis samplers[J].Aquatic Sciences,1997,59(1):1-25.
[20]Li Y H,Gregory S.Diffusion of ions in sea water and in deep-sea sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1974,38(5):703-714.
[21]周志德.20世纪的泥沙运动力学[J].水利学报,2002,33(11):74-77,83.Zhou Z D.Advancement of sediment transport mechanics in the20thCentury[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,33(11):74-77,83.
[22]方涛,张晓华,肖邦定,等.水体悬移质对重金属吸附规律研究——以长江宜昌段为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2001,10(2):185-192.Fang T,Zhang X H,Xiao B D,et al.Absorption of heavy metals on suspended particulate matter—Taking Yichang section of Changjiang River as an example[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2001,10(2):185-192.
[23]Jin X C,Wang S R,Pang Y,et al.The adsorption of phosphate on different trophic lake sediments[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2005,254(1-3):241-248.
[24]Golterman H L.The labyrinth of nutrient cycles and buffers in wetlands:results based on research in the Camargue(southern France)[J].Hydrobiologia,1995,315(1):39-58.
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