气溶胶等效复折射率反演的免疫进化算法
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摘要
通过Mie散射理论公式构建目标函数,利用免疫进化算法对气溶胶等效复折射率的实部和虚部进行协同优化,据此创新性地提出了气溶胶等效复折射率反演的新途径.基于成都市2017年9～12月逐时的气溶胶散射系数和吸收系数观测数据以及该时段同时次GRIMM180大气颗粒物监测仪的连续监测资料,研究结果表明,气溶胶等效复折射率反演的免疫进化算法不仅是普适的,而且还具有收敛速度快?计算稳定和求解精度高等特点.通过与其它气溶胶等效复折射率反演方法的对比分析,进一步论证了新方法的优势,这为气溶胶等效复折射率演变机理以及气溶胶吸湿性增长模型的后续研究提供了算法保障.
Based on immune evolutionary algorithm to optimize the objective function derived from Mie scattering theory, a newapproach, which aimed at retrieving equivalent complex refractive index of aerosol particles(including both real part and imaginarypart as a whole), was innovatively proposed. By utilizing the hourly aerosol scattering coefficient, aerosol absorption coefficient, andthe coincidental data obtained from GRIMM180 in Chengdu from September to December 2017, the results showed thatthe newapproach featured universal, fast convergent, robust, and precise. Compared with other available methods of retrieving equivalentcomplex refractive index of aerosol particles, the advantages of the new approach were further confirmed. The above achievementindicated that thenew algorithm should help to more clearly understand the evolution mechanism of equivalent complex refractiveindex of aerosol particles and aerosol hygroscopic growth model.
Based on immune evolutionary algorithm to optimize the objective function derived from Mie scattering theory, a newapproach, which aimed at retrieving equivalent complex refractive index of aerosol particles(including both real part and imaginarypart as a whole), was innovatively proposed. By utilizing the hourly aerosol scattering coefficient, aerosol absorption coefficient, andthe coincidental data obtained from GRIMM180 in Chengdu from September to December 2017, the results showed thatthe newapproach featured universal, fast convergent, robust, and precise. Compared with other available methods of retrieving equivalentcomplex refractive index of aerosol particles, the advantages of the new approach were further confirmed. The above achievementindicated that thenew algorithm should help to more clearly understand the evolution mechanism of equivalent complex refractiveindex of aerosol particles and aerosol hygroscopic growth model.
引文
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[18]葛继科,邱玉辉,吴春明,等.遗传算法研究综述[J].计算机应用研究2008,25(10):2911-2916.Ge Jike,Qiu Yuhui,Wu Chun Ming,et al.Summary of genetic algorithms research[J].Application Research of Computers,2008,25(10):2911-2916.
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[21]杨怀金,叶芝祥,朱克云,等.基于免疫进化算法的鹤望兰叶面积指数模拟[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2744-2748.Yang Huaijin,Ye Zhixiang,Zhu Keyun,et al.The simulation of strelitziareginaelai(Leaf Area Index)based on the optimization of immune evolutionary algorithms(IEA)[J].Acta.Ecologica.Sinica,2006,26(8):2744-2748.
[22]李祚泳,汪嘉杨,程会珍.基于免疫进化算法优化的地下水水质评价普适公式[J].水科学进展,2008,19(5):707-713.Li Zuoyong,Wang Jiayang,Cheng Huizhen.Universal exponential formula for underground water assessment base on immune evolutionary algorithm[J].Advances in Water Science,2008,19(5):707-713.
[23]王顺久,倪长健.投影寻踪动态聚类模型及其应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,(1):178-180.Wang Shunjiu,Ni Changjian.A projection pursuit dynamic cluster model and its application[J].Journal of Harbin Insititute of Technology,2009,(1):178-180.
[24]刘新罡,张远航,曾立民,等.广州市大气能见度影响因子的贡献研究[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):733-738.Liu Xingang,Zhang Yuanhang,Zeng Limin,et al.Research on the influential factor of visibility reduction in Guangzhou[J].Climate and Environmental research,2006,11(6):733-738.
[25]Japar S M,Brachaczek W W,Jr R A G,et al.The contribution of elemental carbon to the optical properties of rural atmospheric aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,1986,20(6):1281-1289.
[26]吴兑,毛节泰,邓雪娇,等.珠江三角洲黑碳气溶胶及其辐射特性的观测研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2009,(11):1542-1553.Wu Dui,Mao Jietai,Deng Xuejiao,et al.Black carbon aerosols and their radiative properties in the pearl river Delta region[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2009,(11):1542-1553.
[27]Arnott W P,Moosmüller H,Sheridan P J,et al.Photoacoustic and filter-based ambient aerosol light absorption measurements:Instrument comparisons and the role of relative humidity[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2003,108(D1):AAC-1-AAC15-11.
[28]Barnard J C,Kassianov E I,Ackerman T P,et al.Measurements of Black Carbon Specific Absorption in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area during the MCMA 2003 Field Campaign[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics Discussions,2005,5(3):4083-4113.
[29]姚青,韩素芹,蔡子颖,等.天津城区春季大气气溶胶消光特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):795-802.Yao Qing,Han Suqin,Cai Ziying,et al.Study on characteristic of aerosol extinction at Tianjin City in the spring[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(5):795-802.
[30]沈建琪,刘蕾.经典Mie散射的数值计算方法改进[J].中国粉体技术,2005,11(s1):45-50.Shen Jianqi,Liu Lei.An improved algorithm of classical Mie scattering calculation[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2005,11(s1):45-50.
[2]Toon O B,Pollack J B.Atmospheric Aerosols and Climate:Small particles in the Earth's atmosphere interact with visible and infrared light,altering the radiation balance and the climate[J].American Scientist,1980,68(3):268-278.
[3]Toon O B,Pollack J B.Atmospheric Aerosols and Climate:Small particles in the Earth's atmosphere interact with visible and infrared light,altering the radiation balance and the climate[J].American Scientist,1980,68(3):268-278.
[4]王英,李令军,李成才.北京大气能见度和消光特性变化规律及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(5):1310-1318.Wang Ying,Li Ling-jun,Li Cheng-cai.The variation characteristic and influence factors of atmospheric visibility and extinction effect in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(5):1310-1318.
[5]贾佳,韩力慧,程水源,等.京津冀区域PM2.5及二次无机组分污染特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):801-811.Jia Jia,Han Lihui,Cheng Shuiyuan,et al.Pollution characteristic of PM2.5and secondary inorganic ions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):801-811.
[6]浦静姣,徐宏辉,马千里.长江三角洲背景地区大气污染对能见度的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(12):4435-4441.Pu Jingjiao,Xu Honghui,Ma Qianli.Impacts of atmospheric pollution on visibility in the background area of Yangtze River Delta[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(12):4435-4441.
[7]Ouimette J R,Flagan R C.The extinction coefficient of multicomponent aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,1982,16(10):2405-2419.
[8]张学海,戴聪明,武鹏飞,等.折射率和粒子尺度对大气气溶胶光散射特性的影响[J].红外与激光工程,2017,001(12):104-110.Zhang Xuehai,Dai Congming,Wu Pengfei,et al.Effect of the refractive index and particle size parameter on light scattering properties of atmosphere aerosol[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2017,001(12):104-110.
[9]孙刚,翁宁泉,肖黎明,等.大气温度分布特性及对折射率结构常数的影响[J].光学学报,2004,24(5):592-596.Sun Gang,Wen Ningquan,Xiao Liming,et al.,Profile and character of atmospheric temperature[J].Acta Optical Sinica,2004,24(5):592-596.
[10]Colarco P R,Kim K,Nowottnick E P,et al.Importance of Particle Shape and Refractive Index in Climate Simulations of the Dust Aerosol Lifecycle[J].Anticancer Research,2002,22(5):2805-2809.
[11]Banakh V A,Mironov V L,Smalikho I N.Light reflection in a turbulent atmosphere in the presence of induced temperature inhomogeneity of the refractive index[J].Journal of Pediatrics,2009,154(4):588-591.
[12]Lin C I,Baker M,Charlson R J.Absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosol:a method for measurement[J].Applied Optics,1973,12(6):1356-63.
[13]Wolff G,Stroup C,Stroup D.The coefficient of haze as a measure of particulate elemental carbon[J].Air Repair,1983,33(8):746-750.
[14]Adams K M.Real-time in situ measurements of atmospheric optical absorption in the visible via photoacoustic spectroscopy.1:Evaluation of photoacoustic cells[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition&Soil Science,2003,166(6):4052-6.
[15]李学彬,黄印博,徐赤东,等.厦门地区气溶胶折射率的测量[J].光学精密工程,2008,16(10):1831-1835.Li Xuebin,Huang Yinbo,Xu Chidong,et al.Measurement of refractive index for aerosol particle in Xiamen[J].Optical and Precision Engineering,2008,16(10):1831-1835.
[16]亓秀永,黄印博,方帅,等.气溶胶粒子等效复折射率的BP神经网络建模[J].大气与环境光学学报,2009,4(1):30-37.Qi Xiuyong,Huang Yinbo,Fang Shuai.BP neural network model of the equivalent complex refractive index of aerosol[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2009,4(1):30-37.
[17]韩道文,刘文清,陆亦怀,等.基于Madaline网络的气溶胶散射系数的反演算法[J].光学学报,2007,27(3):384-390.Han Daowen,Liu Wenqing,Lu Yihuai,et al.A retrieve method for aerosol extinction coefficient based on madaline network[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2007,27(3):384-390.
[18]葛继科,邱玉辉,吴春明,等.遗传算法研究综述[J].计算机应用研究2008,25(10):2911-2916.Ge Jike,Qiu Yuhui,Wu Chun Ming,et al.Summary of genetic algorithms research[J].Application Research of Computers,2008,25(10):2911-2916.
[19]倪长健,丁晶,李祚泳.免疫进化算法[J].西南交通大学学报,2003,38(1):87-91.Ni Changjian,Ding Jing,Li Zuoyong.Immune evolutionary algorithm[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2003,38(1):87-91.
[20]倪长健,丁晶,李祚泳.基于优秀抗体的免疫算法及其收敛性问题的研究[J].系统工程,2002,20(3):72-76.Ni Changjian,Ding Jing,Li Zuoyong.Study on immune algorithm based on superior antibodies and its convergence property[J].Systems Engineering,2002,20(3):72-76.
[21]杨怀金,叶芝祥,朱克云,等.基于免疫进化算法的鹤望兰叶面积指数模拟[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2744-2748.Yang Huaijin,Ye Zhixiang,Zhu Keyun,et al.The simulation of strelitziareginaelai(Leaf Area Index)based on the optimization of immune evolutionary algorithms(IEA)[J].Acta.Ecologica.Sinica,2006,26(8):2744-2748.
[22]李祚泳,汪嘉杨,程会珍.基于免疫进化算法优化的地下水水质评价普适公式[J].水科学进展,2008,19(5):707-713.Li Zuoyong,Wang Jiayang,Cheng Huizhen.Universal exponential formula for underground water assessment base on immune evolutionary algorithm[J].Advances in Water Science,2008,19(5):707-713.
[23]王顺久,倪长健.投影寻踪动态聚类模型及其应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,(1):178-180.Wang Shunjiu,Ni Changjian.A projection pursuit dynamic cluster model and its application[J].Journal of Harbin Insititute of Technology,2009,(1):178-180.
[24]刘新罡,张远航,曾立民,等.广州市大气能见度影响因子的贡献研究[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):733-738.Liu Xingang,Zhang Yuanhang,Zeng Limin,et al.Research on the influential factor of visibility reduction in Guangzhou[J].Climate and Environmental research,2006,11(6):733-738.
[25]Japar S M,Brachaczek W W,Jr R A G,et al.The contribution of elemental carbon to the optical properties of rural atmospheric aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,1986,20(6):1281-1289.
[26]吴兑,毛节泰,邓雪娇,等.珠江三角洲黑碳气溶胶及其辐射特性的观测研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2009,(11):1542-1553.Wu Dui,Mao Jietai,Deng Xuejiao,et al.Black carbon aerosols and their radiative properties in the pearl river Delta region[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2009,(11):1542-1553.
[27]Arnott W P,Moosmüller H,Sheridan P J,et al.Photoacoustic and filter-based ambient aerosol light absorption measurements:Instrument comparisons and the role of relative humidity[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2003,108(D1):AAC-1-AAC15-11.
[28]Barnard J C,Kassianov E I,Ackerman T P,et al.Measurements of Black Carbon Specific Absorption in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area during the MCMA 2003 Field Campaign[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics Discussions,2005,5(3):4083-4113.
[29]姚青,韩素芹,蔡子颖,等.天津城区春季大气气溶胶消光特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):795-802.Yao Qing,Han Suqin,Cai Ziying,et al.Study on characteristic of aerosol extinction at Tianjin City in the spring[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(5):795-802.
[30]沈建琪,刘蕾.经典Mie散射的数值计算方法改进[J].中国粉体技术,2005,11(s1):45-50.Shen Jianqi,Liu Lei.An improved algorithm of classical Mie scattering calculation[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2005,11(s1):45-50.