基于双响应面法的汽车座椅多目标稳健性优化
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摘要
传统汽车座椅设计经常忽略材料特性等不确定因素,导致座椅安全性出现较大波动,因此,考虑不确定因素的影响,对座椅进行稳健性优化具有重要意义.根据法规要求对汽车有限元模型进行仿真.选取座椅靠背背板、靠背支撑杆、调角器上联接板的厚度作为设计变量,材料的弹性模量作为不确定变量,以靠背质量、头枕安全余量、靠背平均加载力为目标.建立双响应面模型,引入6σ设计方法,应用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行求解.结果表明,座椅头枕安全余量的均值增加28.09%,标准差降低51.72%;座椅靠背质量降低9.94%.
Traditional car seat design often ignores uncertain factors such as material characteristics,resulting in large fluctuations in seat safety.Therefore,considering the influence of uncertain factors is of great significance to seat robustness optimization.According to the requirements of laws and regulations,the finite element model of the automobile was simulated,the thickness of the back plate of the seat back,the back support rod and the upper connecting plate of the angle adjuster were selected as design variables,the elastic modulus of the material was taken as uncertain variables,and the double response surface model was established with the backrest mass,the headrest safety margin and the average loading force of the backrest as objectives.Six design methods were introduced and NSGA-II algorithm was applied to solve the problem.The results show that the average value of headrest safety margin increases by 28.09%,and the standard deviation decreases by 51.72%.The mass of the seat back is reduced by 9.94%.
Traditional car seat design often ignores uncertain factors such as material characteristics,resulting in large fluctuations in seat safety.Therefore,considering the influence of uncertain factors is of great significance to seat robustness optimization.According to the requirements of laws and regulations,the finite element model of the automobile was simulated,the thickness of the back plate of the seat back,the back support rod and the upper connecting plate of the angle adjuster were selected as design variables,the elastic modulus of the material was taken as uncertain variables,and the double response surface model was established with the backrest mass,the headrest safety margin and the average loading force of the backrest as objectives.Six design methods were introduced and NSGA-II algorithm was applied to solve the problem.The results show that the average value of headrest safety margin increases by 28.09%,and the standard deviation decreases by 51.72%.The mass of the seat back is reduced by 9.94%.
引文
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[12]崔杰,张维刚,常伟波,等.基于双响应面模型的碰撞安全性稳健性优化设计[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(24):97-103.
[13]黄石华,成艾国,胡朝辉,等.基于6σ稳健性的拼焊板车门轻量化研究[J].汽车工程,2011,33(3):262-266.
[14]刘昌业,莫易敏,梁永彬,等.基于某微车顶压工况下B柱轻量化优化设计[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2018,42(2):181-184.
[2]CHEN H N,CHEN H,WANG L J.Analysis of vehicle seat and research on structure optimization in front and rear impact[J].World Journal of Engineering and Technology,2014(2):92-99.
[3]张坤,丁晓红,倪维宇,等.汽车座椅骨架构件布局设计方法[J].工程设计学报,2015,22(2):166-171.
[4]单惠民.某款汽车座椅骨架的有限元分析与优化[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[5]亢战,程耿东.非确定性结构静动态特性稳健优化设计[J].力学学报,2006,38(1):57-65.
[6]欧阳林寒,马义中,汪建均,等.基于模型不确定性的响应曲面建模[J].系统工程与电子技术,2015,37(8):1818-1824.
[7]张旭涛,何桢.多响应稳健性优化的贝耶斯分析[J].系统工程,2015,33(9):127-132.
[8]中华人民共和国交通部.汽车座椅、座椅固定装置及头枕强度要求和试验方法:GB 15083—2006[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2006.
[9]HUANG T L,SONG X W,LIU X Y.The multiobjective robust optimization of the loading path in the T-shape tube hydroforming based on dual response surface model[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2016,82(9):589-594.
[10]LEE D H,KIM K J.Interactive weighting of bias and variance in dual response surface optimization[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2011,39(5):789-795.
[11]孙光永,李光耀,闫晓磊,等.多目标稳健优化设计方法在车身设计制造中的应用研究[J].固体力学学报,2011,32(2):186-196.
[12]崔杰,张维刚,常伟波,等.基于双响应面模型的碰撞安全性稳健性优化设计[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(24):97-103.
[13]黄石华,成艾国,胡朝辉,等.基于6σ稳健性的拼焊板车门轻量化研究[J].汽车工程,2011,33(3):262-266.
[14]刘昌业,莫易敏,梁永彬,等.基于某微车顶压工况下B柱轻量化优化设计[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2018,42(2):181-184.