CO_2加富对温室薄皮甜瓜果实品质的影响
|
摘要
以薄皮甜瓜‘清雅白玉’为研究对象,通过测定3种不同浓度CO_2对薄皮甜瓜从开始结果到最后成熟整个生长过程果实品质的影响来确定冬春季温室薄皮甜瓜栽培最适的CO2浓度,为我国北方冬春季设施内薄皮甜瓜精准施肥提供理论依据。对薄皮甜瓜分别施用4种CO_2浓度,CK:(400±12)μmol·mol~(-1)、T1:(800±24)μmol·mol~(-1)、T2:(1 200±36)μmol·mol~(-1)、T3:(1 600±48)μmol·mol~(-1),测定果实结瓜初期、结瓜中期、结瓜后期、黄熟期、后熟期的品质。结果表明,在商品瓜采收期(结瓜后期):T2、T3影响较大,但T1最经济实用;相对于CK,T1处理使硬度增加了71.3%,可溶性固形物含量增加了6.7%,维生素C含量增加了33.1%,蔗糖含量增加了12.7%,果糖含量增加了6.0%,有机酸含量降低了12.6%,可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量没有明显差异。在果实成熟最后时期(后熟期):T1、T2影响最大,T1最经济实用;T1处理使可溶性固形物含量增加10.1%,游离氨基酸含量增加了25.6%,蔗糖含量增加了11.1%,果糖含量增加了16.4%,维生素C含量降低了4.5%,可溶性蛋白质含量下降11.8%,有机酸含量降低了13.4%。由此可知,CO_2施肥均能够显著改善薄皮甜瓜的品质,在800μmol·mol~(-1)时最经济实用。
In this study, the effect of CO_2 enrichment on the quality of‘ Qingyabaiyu ’oriental melon with three different concentrations of CO_2 during the whole growth process from fruiting to final ripening In order to provide theoretical basis for precise fertilization of oriental melon in winter and spring facilities in northern China,‘Qingyabaiyu ’oriental melon was used as material in this research, four different concentrations of CO_2(CK:(400±12)μmol · mol~(-1)、T1:(800±24)μmol · mol~(-1)、T2:(1 200±36)μmol·mol~(-1)、T3:(1 600±48)μmol·mol~(-1))were carried out during the whole fruit growth process, and the quality of fruits at early fruiting stage, rapid expanding stage, white ripening stage, yellow ripening stage and late ripening stage were analyzed. The results showed that the fruit quality of T2 and T3 were greatly effected at harvest stage(white ripening stage), T1 was the most economical and practical treatment. Compared with CK,the fruit quality was increased when treated by T1, of which the hardness increased by 71.3%, soluble solids increased by6.7%, vitamin C increased by 33.1%, sucrose increased by 12.7%, fructose increased by 6.0%, and organic acid increased by 12.6%, while the soluble protein and free amino acid contents were less affected. At the late ripening stage, the fruit quality was significantly effected by T1 and T2 treatments, and T1 was still the most economical and practical treatment,of which, the soluble solid content, free amino acid content, sucrose content, fructose content, vitamin C content, soluble protein content and soluble protein content were increased by 10.1%, 25.6%, 11.1%, 16.4%, 4%, 4.5% and 11.8%,respectively, however, the organic acid content was reduced by 13.4%. The quality of oriental melon could be improved by CO_2 fertilization, and 800 μmol·mol~(-1) was the most economical and practical concentration.
In this study, the effect of CO_2 enrichment on the quality of‘ Qingyabaiyu ’oriental melon with three different concentrations of CO_2 during the whole growth process from fruiting to final ripening In order to provide theoretical basis for precise fertilization of oriental melon in winter and spring facilities in northern China,‘Qingyabaiyu ’oriental melon was used as material in this research, four different concentrations of CO_2(CK:(400±12)μmol · mol~(-1)、T1:(800±24)μmol · mol~(-1)、T2:(1 200±36)μmol·mol~(-1)、T3:(1 600±48)μmol·mol~(-1))were carried out during the whole fruit growth process, and the quality of fruits at early fruiting stage, rapid expanding stage, white ripening stage, yellow ripening stage and late ripening stage were analyzed. The results showed that the fruit quality of T2 and T3 were greatly effected at harvest stage(white ripening stage), T1 was the most economical and practical treatment. Compared with CK,the fruit quality was increased when treated by T1, of which the hardness increased by 71.3%, soluble solids increased by6.7%, vitamin C increased by 33.1%, sucrose increased by 12.7%, fructose increased by 6.0%, and organic acid increased by 12.6%, while the soluble protein and free amino acid contents were less affected. At the late ripening stage, the fruit quality was significantly effected by T1 and T2 treatments, and T1 was still the most economical and practical treatment,of which, the soluble solid content, free amino acid content, sucrose content, fructose content, vitamin C content, soluble protein content and soluble protein content were increased by 10.1%, 25.6%, 11.1%, 16.4%, 4%, 4.5% and 11.8%,respectively, however, the organic acid content was reduced by 13.4%. The quality of oriental melon could be improved by CO_2 fertilization, and 800 μmol·mol~(-1) was the most economical and practical concentration.
引文
[1]SCHLESINGER W H.Biogeochemistry:an analysis of global change[M].New York:Academic,1997.
[2]DELUCIA E H,HAMILTON J G,NAIDU S L,et al.Net primary production of a forest ecosystem with experimental CO2enrichment[J].Science,1999,284:1177-1179.
[3]张明贤,高志奎.蔬菜CO2施肥效果及生理研究[J].河北农业大学学报,1993,16(2):87-92.
[4]林金星,胡玉熹.大气CO2浓度对植物营养器官和生殖器官形态结构的影响[M].植物学集刊(第7辑),1994:60-67.
[5]REDDY A R,RASINENI G K,RAGHAVENDRA A S.The impact of global elevated CO2concentration on photosynthesis and plant productivity[J].Current Science,2010,99(1):46-57.
[6]王万庆.不同苗龄与苗期增施CO2对番茄生长和产量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(5):337-340.
[7]贺超兴,张志斌,王怀松,等.蔬菜设施栽培CO2施肥技术(一)[J].中国蔬菜,2000(4):51-52.
[8]陈双臣,邹志荣,贺超兴,等.温室有机土栽培CO2浓度变化规律及增施CO2对番茄生长发育的影响[J].西北植物学报,2004(9):1624-1629.
[9]王全智,冯英娜,蔡善亚,等.苗期CO2加富对设施甜瓜生长发育特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(15):40-42.
[10]赵冠艳,朱世东,李东林,等.CO2加富处理甜瓜幼苗光合特性的研究[J].农业工程学报,2005(S2):103-105.
[11]孙玉文,朱世东.CO2加富对大棚甜瓜农艺性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2004(6):1179-1180.
[12]高俊风.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:143.
[13]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:192-193.
[14]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:128-129.
[15]李靖,孙胜,邢国明.不同浓度CO2施肥对温室番茄果实品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(6):43-48.
[16]王彦华,赵婷婷,李会佳,等.番茄果实成熟时期维生素C含量的变化[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(19):4641-4643.
[2]DELUCIA E H,HAMILTON J G,NAIDU S L,et al.Net primary production of a forest ecosystem with experimental CO2enrichment[J].Science,1999,284:1177-1179.
[3]张明贤,高志奎.蔬菜CO2施肥效果及生理研究[J].河北农业大学学报,1993,16(2):87-92.
[4]林金星,胡玉熹.大气CO2浓度对植物营养器官和生殖器官形态结构的影响[M].植物学集刊(第7辑),1994:60-67.
[5]REDDY A R,RASINENI G K,RAGHAVENDRA A S.The impact of global elevated CO2concentration on photosynthesis and plant productivity[J].Current Science,2010,99(1):46-57.
[6]王万庆.不同苗龄与苗期增施CO2对番茄生长和产量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(5):337-340.
[7]贺超兴,张志斌,王怀松,等.蔬菜设施栽培CO2施肥技术(一)[J].中国蔬菜,2000(4):51-52.
[8]陈双臣,邹志荣,贺超兴,等.温室有机土栽培CO2浓度变化规律及增施CO2对番茄生长发育的影响[J].西北植物学报,2004(9):1624-1629.
[9]王全智,冯英娜,蔡善亚,等.苗期CO2加富对设施甜瓜生长发育特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(15):40-42.
[10]赵冠艳,朱世东,李东林,等.CO2加富处理甜瓜幼苗光合特性的研究[J].农业工程学报,2005(S2):103-105.
[11]孙玉文,朱世东.CO2加富对大棚甜瓜农艺性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2004(6):1179-1180.
[12]高俊风.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:143.
[13]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:192-193.
[14]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:128-129.
[15]李靖,孙胜,邢国明.不同浓度CO2施肥对温室番茄果实品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(6):43-48.
[16]王彦华,赵婷婷,李会佳,等.番茄果实成熟时期维生素C含量的变化[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(19):4641-4643.