弹性支座对简支箱梁桥振动特性的影响及隔振效果研究
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摘要
以32 m简支箱梁桥为原型,以10∶1为几何缩尺比,设计制作了简支箱梁桥的相似模型,并依据弹性力相似律推导了原型桥与模型桥间的相似关系,之后对原型桥与模型桥的有限元模型进行模态分析,以及开展模型桥的模态试验,通过模态数据对比验证了相似模型桥的可靠性。在此基础上,通过锤击试验,研究了不同竖向刚度的弹性支座对箱梁振动特性的影响,并探讨了弹性支座在箱梁桥上部结构与桥墩间的隔振效果。结果表明:在20～200 Hz的中高频段范围内,支座刚度变化会对箱梁跨中的结构振动产生一定的影响,但影响很小;振动由顶板传递至翼板的过程中衰减慢,其次是腹板,振动由顶板传递至底板的过程中衰减最快;简支箱梁桥上部结构与桥墩间设置弹性支座可有效降低墩顶的振动,且支座刚度的大小对弹性支座的隔振效果影响很大,同时弹性支座在不同频率下的隔振效果差异较大。
The similarity model of a simply-supported box-girder bridge with span of 32 m was designed and manufactured with the geometry scale factor of 10. Based on the similarity law of elastic force, the similarity relation between the prototype and model was derived. Then, the modal analysis of the finite element models of the prototype bridge and the model bridge was carried out, and meantime, modal tests of the model bridge were also conducted. The reliability of the similar bridge model was verified by the modal data comparison. Based on this, the influence of the elastic supports with different vertical stiffness on the vibration characteristics of box-girder was studied, and the vibration isolation effect of the elastic supports between the box girder bridge and piers was discussed. The results show that in the middle and high frequency bands of 20—200 Hz, the change of support stiffness has a certain influence on the structural vibration of the middle section of the box-girder, but the influence is very small. The vibration attenuation from the top plate to the flange plate is rather slow, that by the web is somewhat faster, and the vibration attenuates fastest from the top plate to the base plate. The vibration of the piers top is effectively reduced by setting elastic supports between the upper structure and piers of the bridge, and the stiffness of the support has a great influence on the vibration isolation effect of the elastic support. The vibration isolation effect of the elastic support is different at different frequencies.
The similarity model of a simply-supported box-girder bridge with span of 32 m was designed and manufactured with the geometry scale factor of 10. Based on the similarity law of elastic force, the similarity relation between the prototype and model was derived. Then, the modal analysis of the finite element models of the prototype bridge and the model bridge was carried out, and meantime, modal tests of the model bridge were also conducted. The reliability of the similar bridge model was verified by the modal data comparison. Based on this, the influence of the elastic supports with different vertical stiffness on the vibration characteristics of box-girder was studied, and the vibration isolation effect of the elastic supports between the box girder bridge and piers was discussed. The results show that in the middle and high frequency bands of 20—200 Hz, the change of support stiffness has a certain influence on the structural vibration of the middle section of the box-girder, but the influence is very small. The vibration attenuation from the top plate to the flange plate is rather slow, that by the web is somewhat faster, and the vibration attenuates fastest from the top plate to the base plate. The vibration of the piers top is effectively reduced by setting elastic supports between the upper structure and piers of the bridge, and the stiffness of the support has a great influence on the vibration isolation effect of the elastic support. The vibration isolation effect of the elastic support is different at different frequencies.
引文
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[15]赵才友,王平.钢轨-扣件耦联系统的动力特性试验[J].振动、测试与诊断,2014,34(4):680-685.ZHAO Caiyou,WANG Ping.Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of rail-fastener coupled system[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2014,34(4):680-685.
[2]THOMPSON D J,JONES C J C.A review of the modeling of wheel/rail noise generation[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2000,231(3):519-536.
[3]KAWATANI M,KOBAYASHI Y,KAWAKI H.Influence of elastomeric bearings on Traffic-induced vibration of highway bridges[J].Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2000,1696(1):76-82.
[4]DION C,BOUAANANI N,TREMBLAY R,et al.Real-time dynamic substructuring testing of a bridge equipped with friction-based seismic isolators[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2012,17(1):4-14.
[5]ASAI T,CHANG C M,SPENCER B F.Real-time hybrid simulation of a smart base-isolated building[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2014,141(3):04014128.
[6]张志俊,李小珍,张迅,等.弹性支座对桥梁车致振动的隔振效果研究[J].工程力学,2015,32(4):103-111.ZHANG Zhijun,LI Xiaozhen,ZHANG Xun,et al.Study on the vibration-isolation effects of elastic bearings on traininduced vibration of railway bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(4):103-111.
[7]蒋通,马超勇,张昕.弹性支承条件下车-桥体系的振动分析[J].力学季刊,2004,25(2):256-263.JIANG Tong,MA Chaoyong,ZHANG Xin.Dynamic analysis of train-bridge system with elastic supports[J].Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2004,25(2):256-263.
[8]张常勇,钟铁毅,杨海洋.摩擦摆支座隔震连续梁桥地震能量反应研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(16):63-67.ZHANG Changyong,ZHONG Tieyi,YANG Haiyang.A study on seismic energy responses of a continuous girder bridge isolated by a friction pendulum system[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(16):63-67.
[9]黄亮,徐伟杰,郭彤.含新型滑移支座的并联隔震建筑实时混合模拟试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(20):151-157.HUANG Liang,XU Weijie,GUO Tong.A real-time hybrid simulation of parallel isolated buildings with novel sliding isolators[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(20):151-157.
[10]Marioni G,陈列,胡京涛.橡胶减振支座在台湾高速铁路上的应用[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2011,33(2):63-66.MARIONI G,CHEN Lie,HU Jingtao.Application of EBP on Taiwan high-speed railway[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2011,33(2):63-66.
[11]魏陆顺,周福霖,任珉,等.三维隔震(振)支座的工程应用与现场测试[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(3):121-125.WEI Lushun,ZHOU Fulin,REN Min,et al.Application of three-dimensional seismic and vibration isolator to building and site test[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(3):121-125.
[12]李小珍,宋立忠,张迅.基于现场锤击试验的高铁简支箱梁振动传递特性研究[J].土木工程学报,2016(5):120-128.LI Xiaozhen,SONG Lizhong,ZHANG Xun.Study on vibration transmission characteristics of high-speed railway simply-supported box-girders based on in-situ hammer excitation test[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2016(5):120-128.
[13]林皋.研究拱壩震动的模型相似律[J].水利学报,1958(1):81-106.LIN Gao.Study on model similarity law of arch dam vibration[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1958(1):81-106.
[14]林皋,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1-8.LIN Gao,LIN Bei.Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2000,40(1):1-8.
[15]赵才友,王平.钢轨-扣件耦联系统的动力特性试验[J].振动、测试与诊断,2014,34(4):680-685.ZHAO Caiyou,WANG Ping.Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of rail-fastener coupled system[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2014,34(4):680-685.