多位置分布配重下引导式落石缓冲系统冲击防护性能研究
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摘要
引导式落石缓冲系统旨在约束落石运动轨迹和衰减落石冲击能量,以防止落石灾害的发生。为研究该系统的耗能性能,开展实验室条件下的落石冲击试验;基于对防护网变形特征的分析,设计多位置分布配重方案。在此基础上,建立防护系统的数值计算模型,对更高速率落石冲击下系统的响应进行了研究,进而模拟系统对多落石连续入射和多落石同时入射两种工况的防护过程。研究结果表明,多位置分布配重对引导式落石缓冲系统的防护性能有较明显的提高,试验得到的落石速率衰减率最多提高了20.02%,动能衰减率最多提高了21.56%;在防护网上不同位置配重对系统防护性能的提高程度不同,表现为越接近落石入射位置,提高程度越明显,同时,通过多位置分布配重,引导式落石缓冲系统对落石高速冲击和落石连续、同时冲击的防护能力增强。研究成果可以为引导式落石缓冲系统的设计和工程应用提供参考。
The rockfall attenuator system aims at preventing rockfall hazards by controlling the rockfall trajectory and attenuating the rock impact energy. In order to study the energy dissipating performance of the system,the laboratory rockfall impact experiment was conducted,a multiposition distributed counterweight method was put forward based on the net deformation analysis,and a numerical model was built to study the performance of the system under high-speed rockfall impact and to simulate the protecting process of the system against the rockfall impacting simultaneously or continuously. The research results show that the multiposition distributed counterweight method obviously improves the protection performance of the system. The attenuation rates of the rockfall velocity and the kinetic energy increase by 20.02% and 21.56% at most respectively. The counterweights at different positions on the net improve the protection performance of the system differently. The closer the counterweight to the falling position,the more obvious the improvement. Meanwhile,by using distributed counterweight method,the high-speed rockfall impact and simultaneous/continuous rockfall impact can also be defended successfully. The research results can provide a reference for the design and engineering application of the rockfall attenuator system.
The rockfall attenuator system aims at preventing rockfall hazards by controlling the rockfall trajectory and attenuating the rock impact energy. In order to study the energy dissipating performance of the system,the laboratory rockfall impact experiment was conducted,a multiposition distributed counterweight method was put forward based on the net deformation analysis,and a numerical model was built to study the performance of the system under high-speed rockfall impact and to simulate the protecting process of the system against the rockfall impacting simultaneously or continuously. The research results show that the multiposition distributed counterweight method obviously improves the protection performance of the system. The attenuation rates of the rockfall velocity and the kinetic energy increase by 20.02% and 21.56% at most respectively. The counterweights at different positions on the net improve the protection performance of the system differently. The closer the counterweight to the falling position,the more obvious the improvement. Meanwhile,by using distributed counterweight method,the high-speed rockfall impact and simultaneous/continuous rockfall impact can also be defended successfully. The research results can provide a reference for the design and engineering application of the rockfall attenuator system.
引文
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[10]汪敏,石少卿,崔廉明,等.被动防护网中U形消能件的力学性能分析[J].工程力学,2016,33(6):114-119.(WANG Min,SHI Shaoqing,CUI Lianming,et al.Mechanical performance analysis on the U-brake energy dissipator used in the passive protection nets[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(6):114-119.(in Chinese))
[11]刘成清,陈林雅,陈驰,等.被动柔性防护网中减压环力学试验及有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(6):1 245-1 254.(LIU Chengqing,CHEN Linya,CHEN Chi,et al.Full scale test and FEM simulation to ring-type brake energy dissipater in falling rock protection[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(6):1 245-1 254.(in Chinese))
[12]GLOVER J,VOLKWEIN A,DUFOUR F,et al.Rockfall attenuator and hybrid drape systems-design and testing considerations[C]//Proceedings of the Advances in Geomaterials and Structures.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010:379-384.
[13]BUZZI M,SPADARI A,GIACOMINI S,et al.Experimental testing of rockfall barriers designed for the low range of impact energy[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2013,46(4):701-712.
[2]VOLKWEIN A,SCHELLENBERG K,LABIOUSE V,et al.Rockfall characterization and structural protection-a review[J].Natural Hazards Earth System Sciences,2011,11(10):2 617-2 651.
[3]ETAG E.Guideline for European Technical approval of falling rock protection kits[M].[S.l.]:European Organization for Technical Approvals,2012.
[4]日本道路协会.落石对策便览[S].日本:丸善出版株式会,2000.(Japan Road Association.Rockfall countermeasures Handbook[S].Japan:Maruzen Publishing Co.,2000.(in Japanese)
[5]汪敏,石少卿,崔廉明,等.三开间单跨柔性棚洞在落石冲击作用下的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2018,51(5):37-47.(WANG Min,SHI Shaoqing,CUI Lianming,et al.Experimental investigation on three-bay and single-span flexible rock-shed under impact of rockfall[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2018,51(5):37-47.(in Chinese))
[6]ARNDT B,ORTIZ T,TURNER A K.Colorado's full-scale field testing of rockfall attenuator systems[R].Washington:Transportation Research Board of the National Academies,2009.
[7]GENTILINI C,GOVONI L,MIRANDA S D,et al.Threedimensional numerical modeling of falling rock protection barriers[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2012,44(44):58-72.
[8]汪敏,石少卿,阳友奎.新型柔性棚洞在落石冲击作用下的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(9):131-138.(WANG Min,SHI Shaoqing,YANG Youkui.Experimental study on a new type flexible rock-shed under impact of rockfall[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(9):131-138.(in Chinese))
[9]齐欣,孟庆成,许浒,等.被动柔性防护网结构的累计抗冲击性能研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2017,36(11):2 788-2 797.(QI Xin,MENG Qingcheng,XU Hu,et al.Research on cumulative impact resistance of passive flexible protective structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(11):2 788-2 797.(in Chinese))
[10]汪敏,石少卿,崔廉明,等.被动防护网中U形消能件的力学性能分析[J].工程力学,2016,33(6):114-119.(WANG Min,SHI Shaoqing,CUI Lianming,et al.Mechanical performance analysis on the U-brake energy dissipator used in the passive protection nets[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(6):114-119.(in Chinese))
[11]刘成清,陈林雅,陈驰,等.被动柔性防护网中减压环力学试验及有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(6):1 245-1 254.(LIU Chengqing,CHEN Linya,CHEN Chi,et al.Full scale test and FEM simulation to ring-type brake energy dissipater in falling rock protection[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(6):1 245-1 254.(in Chinese))
[12]GLOVER J,VOLKWEIN A,DUFOUR F,et al.Rockfall attenuator and hybrid drape systems-design and testing considerations[C]//Proceedings of the Advances in Geomaterials and Structures.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010:379-384.
[13]BUZZI M,SPADARI A,GIACOMINI S,et al.Experimental testing of rockfall barriers designed for the low range of impact energy[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2013,46(4):701-712.