基于冬种不同作物的水旱轮作模式对水稻产量及稻田CH_4、N_2O排放的影响
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摘要
为探究冬种不同作物、水旱轮作措施对稻田丰产及温室气体减排的影响,本研究设置5种种植模式,即紫云英-早稻-晚稻(CRR)、紫云英-早稻-甘薯‖晚大豆(CRI)、油菜-早稻-晚稻(RRR)、油菜-早稻-甘薯‖晚大豆(RRI)、马铃薯-早稻-晚稻(PRR),采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定稻田CH_4、N_2O的全年排放通量,研究基于冬季不同作物的不同水旱轮作模式对水稻产量、全球增温潜势(GWP)及温室气体排放强度(GHGI)的影响。结果表明,冬种不同作物均能提高早稻的产量,但对晚稻产量基本无影响,其中紫云英对早稻产量增效最好,CRI处理分别较其他处理高1.73%、12.08%、7.48%、10.95%;水旱轮作处理较双季稻处理可以获得更高的产量,RRI处理晚稻产量较其他4个处理分别高22.54%、5.37%、29.83%、27.24%。冬种不同作物对CH_4、N_2O排放无显著影响(P>0.05),水旱轮作显著增加了N_2O排放,显著降低了CH_4排放(P<0.05)。5种种植模式中,RRI处理的GWP最低,且显著低于CRR、RRR、PRR处理(P<0.05),分别低25.54%、29.76%、20.78%。RRI处理的GHGI最低,较其他处理分别显著低32.51%、18.18%、30.77%、20.59%(P<0.05)。综上,RRI处理在增加作物产量、减少稻田温室气体排放方面表现最好。本研究结果为长江中游双季稻区稻田丰产及温室气体减排提供了理论依据。
In order to explore the effects of different winter crops and paddy-upland rotation on rice paddy yield and greenhouse gas emission reduction, cropping patterns were set up as Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice(CRR), Chinese milk vetch-rice-sweet potato‖soybean(CRI), rape-late early rice-late rice(RRR), rape-rice-sweet potato‖soybean(RRI), and potato-early rice-late rice(PRR). Based on the effects of different water-and-dry crop rotation patterns of different crops in winter on rice yield, global warming potential(GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI), the annual emission flux of CH4 and N_2O in paddy fields was determined by static dark box-gas chromatography. The results showed that different crops in winter could increase the early rice yield, but they had little effect on the late rice yield, among which Chinese milk vetch had the best effect on early rice yield. And CRI treatment was 1.73%, 12.08%, and 7.48% higher than other treatments, respectively. The yield of water and drought rotation treatment was higher than double-season rice treatment, and late rice yield of RRI treatment was 5.37%, 22.54%, 29.83% and 27.24% higher than other treatments, respectively. Different crops in winter had no significant effect on CH4 and N_2O emissions(P>0.05), however, the paddy-upland rotation significantly increased N_2O emissions and reduced CH4 emissions(P<0.05). Among the 5 planting models, RRI treatment had the lowest GWP, and was 25.54%, 29.76%, and 20.78% lower than CRR, RRR, and PRR treatments, respectively(P<0.05). The GHGI of RRI treatment was the lowest, which was 32.51%, 18.18%, 30.77%, and 20.59% lower than other treatments(P<0.05), respectively. In summary, the effect of RRI treatment on increasing crop yields and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields was the best. The results provided a theoretical basis for high yield and greenhouse gas reduction in the double-crop rice paddy area in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River.
In order to explore the effects of different winter crops and paddy-upland rotation on rice paddy yield and greenhouse gas emission reduction, cropping patterns were set up as Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice(CRR), Chinese milk vetch-rice-sweet potato‖soybean(CRI), rape-late early rice-late rice(RRR), rape-rice-sweet potato‖soybean(RRI), and potato-early rice-late rice(PRR). Based on the effects of different water-and-dry crop rotation patterns of different crops in winter on rice yield, global warming potential(GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI), the annual emission flux of CH4 and N_2O in paddy fields was determined by static dark box-gas chromatography. The results showed that different crops in winter could increase the early rice yield, but they had little effect on the late rice yield, among which Chinese milk vetch had the best effect on early rice yield. And CRI treatment was 1.73%, 12.08%, and 7.48% higher than other treatments, respectively. The yield of water and drought rotation treatment was higher than double-season rice treatment, and late rice yield of RRI treatment was 5.37%, 22.54%, 29.83% and 27.24% higher than other treatments, respectively. Different crops in winter had no significant effect on CH4 and N_2O emissions(P>0.05), however, the paddy-upland rotation significantly increased N_2O emissions and reduced CH4 emissions(P<0.05). Among the 5 planting models, RRI treatment had the lowest GWP, and was 25.54%, 29.76%, and 20.78% lower than CRR, RRR, and PRR treatments, respectively(P<0.05). The GHGI of RRI treatment was the lowest, which was 32.51%, 18.18%, 30.77%, and 20.59% lower than other treatments(P<0.05), respectively. In summary, the effect of RRI treatment on increasing crop yields and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields was the best. The results provided a theoretical basis for high yield and greenhouse gas reduction in the double-crop rice paddy area in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River.
引文
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[2] 郑洁敏,钟一铭,戈长水,杨京平,王小鹏.不同施氮水平下水稻田温室气体排放影响研究[J].核农学报,2016,30(10):2020-2025
[3] IPCC. Climate change 2013 the physical science basis[R].New York: Cambridge University Press,2013:27
[4] 周贝贝,王一明,林先贵.不同处理方式的粪肥对水稻生长和温室气体排放的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(3):430-436
[5] Smith P, Martino D, Cai Z, Gwary D, Janzen H. Policy and technological constraints to implementation of greenhouse gas mitigation options in agriculture[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2007, 118(1):6-28
[6] 成臣,曾勇军,杨秀霞,黄山,罗亢,石庆华,潘晓华,商庆银.不同耕作方式对稻田净增温潜势和温室气体强度的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1887-1895
[7] 杨滨娟,黄国勤,陈洪俊,兰延.利于水稻氮素吸收的绿肥翻压量和施氮水平研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1187-1195
[8] 张颖睿,杨滨娟,黄国勤.紫云英翻压量与不同施氮量对水稻生长和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):430-437
[9] Zhu B, Yi L X, Hu Y G, Zeng Z H, Tang H M, Yang G L, Xiao X P. Effects of Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) tesidue incorporation on CH4 and N2O emission from a double-rice paddy soil[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2012, 11(9):1537-1544
[10] Tang H, Xiao P X, Tang W G, Wang K, Sun J M, Li W Y, Yang G L. Effects of winter covering crop residue incorporation on CH4, and N2O emission from double-cropped paddy fields in southern China[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2015, 22(16):12689-12698
[11] 张岳芳,周炜,陈留根,王子臣,朱普平,盛婧,郑建初.太湖地区不同水旱轮作方式下稻季甲烷和氧化亚氮排放研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(3):290-296
[12] 卢维盛,张建国,廖宗文,蔡祖聪. 不同水分管理及耕作制度对广州地区稻田CH4排放的影响[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 1997, 18(3): 57-61
[13] 陈书涛,黄耀,郑循华,陈玉泉.轮作制度对农田氧化亚氮排放的影响及驱动因子[J]. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(10): 2053-2060
[14] 江长胜,王跃思,郑循华,朱波,黄耀.耕作制度对川中丘陵区冬灌田CH4和N2O排放的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2006, 27(2): 207-213
[15] Van Groenigen J W, Velthof G L, Oenema O, Van Groenigen K J, Kessel C V. Towards an agronomic assessment of N2O emissions: a case study for arable crops[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 61(6):903-913
[16] 孙丹平. 稻田水旱复种轮作对作物生长、资源利用及土壤生态环境的影响[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2016
[17] 胡安永,孙星,刘勤.太湖地区不同轮作模式对稻田温室气体(CH4和N2O)排放的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):99-106
[18] 董艳芳,黄景,李伏生,王楷,方泽涛,刘靖雯,黄忠华,罗维钢.不同灌溉模式和施氮处理下稻田CH4和N2O排放[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):578-588
[19] 郭腾飞,梁国庆,周卫,刘东海,王秀斌,孙静文,李双来,胡诚.施肥对稻田温室气体排放及土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):337-345
[20] 张久东,包兴国,王婷,胡志桥,曹卫东,杨文玉,舒秋萍,李全福,王健.增施绿肥与降低氮肥对小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(5):998-1003
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[23] 马艳芹,钱晨晨,邓丽萍,黄国勤.紫云英配施氮肥对双季稻产量、干物质量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(12):2399-2407
[24] 武际. 水旱轮作条件下秸秆还田的培肥和增产效应[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012
[25] 刘威. 冬种绿肥和稻草还田对水稻生长、土壤性质及周年温室气体排放影响的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015
[26] 白小琳,张海林,陈阜,孙国峰,胡清,李永.耕作措施对双季稻田CH4与N2O排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):282-289
[27] 李大明,成艳红,刘满强,秦江涛,焦加国,李辉信,胡锋.秸秆覆盖旱作对稻田甲烷排放和水稻产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(10):2053-2059
[28] Hou P. Methane emission from rice fields as affected by straw continuous returning mode in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Biomedical Signal Processing & Control, 2012, 7(1):79-87
[29] 张岳芳,郑建初,陈留根,朱普平,盛婧,王子臣.水旱轮作稻田旱作季种植不同作物对CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1521-1526
[30] 邵美红, 孙加焱, 阮关海. 稻田温室气体排放与减排措施研究综述[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2011, 23(1): 181-187
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