城市土地景观格局变化及其驱动力分析——以安徽省芜湖市为例
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摘要
作为长江中下游典型沿江城市代表,研究芜湖市土地利用景观格局变化对区域环境保护、资源利用和经济发展具有重要意义。选择芜湖市1995、2005和2015年的TM影像作为基础数据,在RS和GIS的技术支持下提取土地利用数据,计算景观指数分析土地利用景观格局特征和景观破碎化过程,采用转移矩阵和不稳定斑块图谱分析景观类型变化和稳定性,并分析驱动力因素。结果表明:芜湖市景观格局类型以耕地、林地、建设用地和水域为主,景观指数表明20年里景观格局变化显著。各类土地景观相互转化明显,且随时间变化转化关系愈发复杂,耕地面积减少,林地面积增加逐渐取代耕地的主导地位,耕地和林地同为最主要的转入者和转出者;草地和未利用地的转移概率最高,最易转化;水域和建设用地较为稳定。20年时间跨度里芜湖市景观格局破碎化速度加快、程度加深,且在时间和空间上都表现出不稳定性增强。而这些变化都在降水与气温变化、人口与社会经济增长以及政府决策等多重因素的共同驱动下形成。
As a representative of medium-sized cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,it is of great significance to study the change of land use landscape pattern in Wuhu for promoting regional environmental protection,resource utilization and economic development.This paper selected the TM images of Wuhu City in 1995,2005,and 2015 as the basic data,extracted the land use data with the technical support of RS and GIS. The landscape indices were used to analyze the landscape pattern characteristics of land use and the processes of landscape fragmentation in Wuhu. The transfer matrix and the unstable patch map were applied to analyze the changes and stability of landscape types. Finally,the driving forces were identified. The results showed that: the landscape types in Wuhu were mainly cultivated land,forest land,construction land and water area. The landscape index showed that the landscape pattern had changed significantly in the past 20 years. The transformation of various land landscapes was obvious,and the transformation relationship became more complex with time,the cultivated land area was reduced,the increase of forest land gradually replaced the dominant position of cultivated land,cultivated land and forest land were the most important transferor and transferred reader. The transfer probability of grassland and unused land was the highest,and it was easiest to transform. Within 20 years' span,the fragmentation of landscape pattern in Wuhu was accelerated and deepened,and showed instability in both time and space. These changes were combined with the precipitation and temperature changes,population and socio-economic growth,and government decision-making and other factors.
As a representative of medium-sized cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,it is of great significance to study the change of land use landscape pattern in Wuhu for promoting regional environmental protection,resource utilization and economic development.This paper selected the TM images of Wuhu City in 1995,2005,and 2015 as the basic data,extracted the land use data with the technical support of RS and GIS. The landscape indices were used to analyze the landscape pattern characteristics of land use and the processes of landscape fragmentation in Wuhu. The transfer matrix and the unstable patch map were applied to analyze the changes and stability of landscape types. Finally,the driving forces were identified. The results showed that: the landscape types in Wuhu were mainly cultivated land,forest land,construction land and water area. The landscape index showed that the landscape pattern had changed significantly in the past 20 years. The transformation of various land landscapes was obvious,and the transformation relationship became more complex with time,the cultivated land area was reduced,the increase of forest land gradually replaced the dominant position of cultivated land,cultivated land and forest land were the most important transferor and transferred reader. The transfer probability of grassland and unused land was the highest,and it was easiest to transform. Within 20 years' span,the fragmentation of landscape pattern in Wuhu was accelerated and deepened,and showed instability in both time and space. These changes were combined with the precipitation and temperature changes,population and socio-economic growth,and government decision-making and other factors.
引文
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[27]任嘉衍,刘慧敏,丁圣彦,等.伊河流域景观格局变化及其驱动机制[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2611-2620.
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[2]彭保发,陈端吕,李文军,等.土地利用景观格局的稳定性研究:以常德市为例[J].地理科学,2013,33(12):1484-1488.
[3]刘菁华,李伟峰,周伟奇,等.京津冀城市群景观格局变化机制与预测研究[J].生态学报,2016,37(16):1-10.
[4]张金屯,邱扬,郑凤英.景观格局的数量研究方法[J].山地学报,2000,18(4):346-352.
[5]TURNER M G,RUSCHER C L.Changes in landscape patterns in Georgia,USA[J].Landscape ecology,1988,1(4):241-251.
[6]AMICI V,MACCHERINI S,SANTI E,et al.Long-term patterns of change in a vanishing cultural landscape:A GIS-based assessment[J].Ecological informatics,2017,37:38-51.
[7]O'NEILL R V,KRUMMEL J R,GARDNER R H,et al.Indices of landscape pattern[J].Landscape ecology,1988,1(3):153-162.
[8]陈建军,张树文,郑冬梅.景观格局定量分析中的不确定性[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(1):63-67.
[9]SCHRDER B,SEPPELT R.Analysis of pattern-process interactions based on landscape models-Overview,general concepts,and methodological issues[J].Ecological modelling,2006,199(4):505-516.
[10]BLANKSON E J,GREEN B H.Use of landscape classification as an essential prerequisite to landscape evaluation[J].Landscape&urban planning,1991,21(3):149-162.
[11]傅伯杰.黄土区农业景观空间格局分析[J].生态学报,1995,15(2):113-120.
[12]王仰麟.农业景观格局与过程研究进展[J].环境工程学报,1998(2):29-34.
[13]葛方龙,李伟峰,陈求稳.景观格局演变及其生态效应研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2008,17(6):2511-2519.
[14]沈焕锋.ENVI遥感影像处理方法[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2009.
[15]HULSHOFF R M.Landscape indices describing a Dutch landscape[J].Landscape ecology,1995,10(2):101-111.
[16]许慧,王家骥.景观生态学的理论与应用[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1993.
[17]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[18]孙凤云,刘淼,胡远满,等.基于多种方法的景观格局动态变化综合分析:以辽宁省铁岭市为例[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(8):2163-2171.
[19]马明德,谢应忠,米文宝,等.宁夏东部风沙区土地利用/覆盖变化及其生态效应研究:以宁夏回族自治区盐池县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(4):8-14.
[20]陈永林,谢炳庚,李晓青.长沙市土地利用格局变化的空间粒度效应[J].地理科学,2016,36(4):564-570.
[21]赵峰,刘华,鞠洪波,等.三江源典型区湿地景观稳定性与转移过程分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(5):69-74.
[22]尹锴,赵千钧,崔胜辉,等.城市森林景观格局与过程研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):389-398.
[23]黄木易,何翔.巢湖流域土地景观格局变化及生态风险驱动力研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(5):743-750.
[24]戴君虎,王红丽,王焕炯,等.六盘山景观格局及与主要气候因子的关系[J].地理研究,2013,32(12):2222-2232.
[25]安徽省统计局.2012安徽统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012.
[26]任志远.土地利用变化及驱动因素分析:以内蒙古准格尔旗为例[J].干旱区研究,2003,20(3):202-205.
[27]任嘉衍,刘慧敏,丁圣彦,等.伊河流域景观格局变化及其驱动机制[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2611-2620.
[28]WOOD D,LENNJ M.‘Received Wisdom’in agricultural land use policy:10 years on from Rio[J].Land use policy,2005,22(2):75-93.