施用腐殖酸对煤矸石养分释放的影响
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摘要
煤矸石是一种潜在的资源,在现有技术条件下无法快速处理的大量煤矸石裸露堆放造成占地及生态环境问题,已成为矿区生态环境治理关注的热点。煤矸石山的植被恢复是其原位保存的最有效办法。腐殖酸作为腐殖质的主要组成成分对改善不利的植物生长环境具有积极作用。为探讨腐殖酸对煤矸石养分释放的影响,采用室内培养试验方法,研究了添加不同浓度腐殖酸及不同培养时间下煤矸石的pH、电导率(EC)变化及氮、磷、钾速效养分的释放特征。结果表明:相对于不添加腐殖酸处理(CK),添加腐殖酸的煤矸石pH明显升高,最高达到7.77,而EC急剧下降,平均为126.13μS/cm,比CK的平均EC下降77.81%;添加腐殖酸的煤矸石速效磷和碱解氮均大幅度增加,速效磷含量平均为CK的2.33倍,碱解氮含量最高达到CK的1.94倍;速效钾含量相对于CK也有一定增加;添加的腐殖酸浓度越大,促进煤矸石养分释放效果越好;在培养期间,各项研究指标值总体表现"V"和"N"形,在后期逐渐呈现稳定作用趋势。煤矸石具有一定养分供给潜力,腐殖酸添加到煤矸石中可以提高其植物养分可获得性。
Coal gangue is a potential resource.A large number of coal gangues not able to be disposed quickly due to the existing technical conditions occupied land and caused ecological environment problem,which has become a hot issue of ecological environment conservation in coal mining area.The vegetation restoration of coal gangue mountain is the best way for in-situ conservation and environmental protection.Humic acid(HA),as the main component of humus,has a positive effect on improving the unfavorable plant growth environment.To discuss the effects of HA on nutrient release from coal gangue,an experiment of incubator at constant temperature was conducted to study the characteristics of the pH and electrical conductivity(EC)of coal gangue and the release of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)from gangues under different humic acid concentrations and incubation durations.Compared with treatment without HA(CK),the pH of coal gangue with HA increased significantly,the highest value reached 7.77,while the ECvalue decreased sharply,with an average of 126.13μS/cm,dropped by 77.81%compared with the average ECvalue of CK.All the AP and AN of coal gangue added with HA increased greatly.The content of AP was 2.33 times that of CK,and the content of AN reached 1.94 times that of CK.The same is true of AK.The greater the concentration of humic acid added,the better the effect of promoting the release of nutrients from coal gangue.During the incubation,all the indicators for study presented a change characterized as"V"or"N",and in the later stage,the change gradually showed trend of stability.Coal gangue has a certain potential for nutrient supply,therefore,adding humic acid to coal gangue can improve the availability of plant nutrients.
Coal gangue is a potential resource.A large number of coal gangues not able to be disposed quickly due to the existing technical conditions occupied land and caused ecological environment problem,which has become a hot issue of ecological environment conservation in coal mining area.The vegetation restoration of coal gangue mountain is the best way for in-situ conservation and environmental protection.Humic acid(HA),as the main component of humus,has a positive effect on improving the unfavorable plant growth environment.To discuss the effects of HA on nutrient release from coal gangue,an experiment of incubator at constant temperature was conducted to study the characteristics of the pH and electrical conductivity(EC)of coal gangue and the release of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)from gangues under different humic acid concentrations and incubation durations.Compared with treatment without HA(CK),the pH of coal gangue with HA increased significantly,the highest value reached 7.77,while the ECvalue decreased sharply,with an average of 126.13μS/cm,dropped by 77.81%compared with the average ECvalue of CK.All the AP and AN of coal gangue added with HA increased greatly.The content of AP was 2.33 times that of CK,and the content of AN reached 1.94 times that of CK.The same is true of AK.The greater the concentration of humic acid added,the better the effect of promoting the release of nutrients from coal gangue.During the incubation,all the indicators for study presented a change characterized as"V"or"N",and in the later stage,the change gradually showed trend of stability.Coal gangue has a certain potential for nutrient supply,therefore,adding humic acid to coal gangue can improve the availability of plant nutrients.
引文
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[17]张继舟,袁磊,马献发.腐植酸对设施土壤的养分、盐分及番茄产量和品质的影响研究[J].腐植酸,2008(3):19-22.
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[21]刘宇锋,罗佳,苏天明,等.外源腐殖酸对栽培基质性状和辣椒生长发育的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(3):647-655.
[22]Ifansyah H.Soil pH and solubility of aluminum,iron,and phosphorus in ultisols:The roles of humic acid[J].Jurnal Tanah Tropika,2013,18(3):203-208.
[23]王静婷,姚芩,李福春,等.草酸和酒石酸促进花岗岩中钾释放的实验研究[J].土壤通报,2011,42(2):320-324.
[24]杨小燕.外源有机酸对黑土土壤磷形态及有效性的影响[D].长春:东北林业大学,2016.
[25]曹丽花,刘合满,普塔拉.西藏主要农作区土壤pH和电导率分布特征及其相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1189-1192.
[26]林万树.古田县果园土壤氮磷钾状况及其与有机质和pH的相关性[J].上海农业学报,2015,31(1):44-48.
[27]张玉.巴丹吉林沙漠南北边缘植被群落特征与土壤理化性质研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2014.
[28]郑永红,张治国,胡友彪,等.淮南矿区煤矸石风化物特性及有机碳分布特征[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):18-24.
[29]王兴明,王运敏,储昭霞,等.煤矸石对铜尾矿中重金属(Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr和Cu)形态及生物有效性的影响[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2688-2697.
[2]蔡毅,严家平,陈孝杨,等.表生作用下煤矸石风化特征研究:以淮南矿区为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(5):937-943.
[3]郭彦霞,张圆圆,程芳琴.煤矸石综合利用的产业化及其展望[J].化工学报,2014,65(7):2443-2453.
[4]彭富昌,王青松.我国煤矸石的综合利用研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2016,30(1):17-20.
[5]赵瑞芬,张强,程滨,等.不同类型煤矸石养分状况对比研究[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(8):35-37.
[6]吴汉福,田玲,翁贵英,等.煤矸石山优势植物对重金属吸收及富集特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):317-322.
[7]牛玉亭.淮南矿区煤矸石资源化利用实践[J].中国资源综合利用,2017,35(8):41-42,46.
[8]徐良骥,黄璨,章如芹,等.煤矸石充填复垦地理化特性与重金属分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):211-219.
[9]赵丽,田云飞,王世东,等.煤矸石中溶解性有机质(DOM)溶出的动力学变化[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2455-2461.
[10]王晓春,蔡体久,谷金锋.鸡西煤矿矸石山植被自然恢复规律及其环境解释[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3744-3751.
[11]Pe1a A,Mingorance M D,Guzmán-Carrizosa I,et al.Improving the mining soil quality for a vegetation cover after addition of sewage sludges:Inorganic ions and low-molecular-weight organic acids in the soil solution[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,150:216-225.
[12]Dorado J,Almendros G,González-Vila F J.Response of humic acid structure to soil tillage management as revealed by analytical pyrolysis[J].Journal of Analytical&Applied Pyrolysis,2016,117:56-63.
[13]Ciarkowska K,Solek-Podwika K,Filipek-Mazur B,et al.Comparative effects of lignite-derived humic acids and FYM on soil properties and vegetable yield[J].Geoderma,2017,303:85-92.
[14]郑东方,许嘉阳,许自成,等.钾肥和腐殖酸互作对烤烟有机钾盐指数的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):637-645.
[15]Waithaisong K,Robin A,Martin A,et al.Quantification of organic P and low-molecular-weight organic acids in ferralsol soil extracts by ion chromatography[J].Geoderma,2015,S257/258:94-101.
[16]张水勤,袁亮,林治安,等.腐植酸促进植物生长的机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):1065-1076.
[17]张继舟,袁磊,马献发.腐植酸对设施土壤的养分、盐分及番茄产量和品质的影响研究[J].腐植酸,2008(3):19-22.
[18]陈静,黄占斌.腐植酸在土壤修复中的作用[J].腐植酸,2014(4):30-34.
[19]程功林,陈永春.淮南矿区煤矸石资源化利用实践[J].能源环境保护,2009,23(4):61-64.
[20]王斌.腐植酸对棉田土壤磷素有效性影响研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2007.
[21]刘宇锋,罗佳,苏天明,等.外源腐殖酸对栽培基质性状和辣椒生长发育的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(3):647-655.
[22]Ifansyah H.Soil pH and solubility of aluminum,iron,and phosphorus in ultisols:The roles of humic acid[J].Jurnal Tanah Tropika,2013,18(3):203-208.
[23]王静婷,姚芩,李福春,等.草酸和酒石酸促进花岗岩中钾释放的实验研究[J].土壤通报,2011,42(2):320-324.
[24]杨小燕.外源有机酸对黑土土壤磷形态及有效性的影响[D].长春:东北林业大学,2016.
[25]曹丽花,刘合满,普塔拉.西藏主要农作区土壤pH和电导率分布特征及其相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1189-1192.
[26]林万树.古田县果园土壤氮磷钾状况及其与有机质和pH的相关性[J].上海农业学报,2015,31(1):44-48.
[27]张玉.巴丹吉林沙漠南北边缘植被群落特征与土壤理化性质研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2014.
[28]郑永红,张治国,胡友彪,等.淮南矿区煤矸石风化物特性及有机碳分布特征[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):18-24.
[29]王兴明,王运敏,储昭霞,等.煤矸石对铜尾矿中重金属(Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr和Cu)形态及生物有效性的影响[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2688-2697.