玉米子粒含水率测定方法的比较
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摘要
2016～2017年在北京、河南和新疆等地,利用Kett公司生产的PM-8188-A型高频电容式谷物水分测量仪测定玉米子粒含水率,并与直接干燥法的测定结果进行对比分析,比较生产中谷物水分测量仪快速测定玉米子粒水分与直接干燥法之间的结果差异,探寻玉米子粒水分的快速准确测试方法。结果表明,PM-8188-A型谷物水分测量仪测定结果与直接干燥法测定结果间有显著差异,玉米子粒含水率在8%～44%范围内(以直接干燥法为标准),当玉米子粒含水率低于25%时水分仪测定值比直接干燥法的高;含水率高于32%时其测定值比直接干燥法的低;在25%～32%水分范围内可以认为水分仪法和直接干燥法之间无显著差异;在8%～25%和32%～40%的范围时可用校正方程y=1.353 6x-9.788(R~2=0.974 5,x为水分仪读数)或校正表进行校正。试验表明,与直接干燥法相比,PM-8188-A型谷物水分测量仪的测定玉米子粒含水率具有一定的局限性,含水率在8%～25%和32%～40%的范围时测定后应予以校正。
The study aim to explore a rapid and accurate determined method of grain moisture content of maize.Experiments were conducted in Beijing, Henan and Xinjiang of China in 2016 and 2017. The grain moisture content of maize was respectively determined by a moisture-meter(PM-8188-A, a high-frequency capacitive grain moisture meter) and direct-drying method and then compared. The grain moisture content determined by PM-8188-A showed significant difference with that of direct-drying method when the value was within the ranges of 8%-25% and 32%-40%(with the value of direct-drying as reference). And when it was within 8%-25%, the value determined by moisture-meter was higher, while when it was within 32%-40%, the value determined by the moisture meter was lower. Moreover, the values(x) determined by PM-8188-A need to be corrected by y=1.353 6 x-9.788(R~2=0.974 5). But there is no significant difference between the values of PM-8188-A and direct-drying method within the range of 25%-32%. In conclusion, compared with the direct-drying method, PM-8188-A was limited.
The study aim to explore a rapid and accurate determined method of grain moisture content of maize.Experiments were conducted in Beijing, Henan and Xinjiang of China in 2016 and 2017. The grain moisture content of maize was respectively determined by a moisture-meter(PM-8188-A, a high-frequency capacitive grain moisture meter) and direct-drying method and then compared. The grain moisture content determined by PM-8188-A showed significant difference with that of direct-drying method when the value was within the ranges of 8%-25% and 32%-40%(with the value of direct-drying as reference). And when it was within 8%-25%, the value determined by moisture-meter was higher, while when it was within 32%-40%, the value determined by the moisture meter was lower. Moreover, the values(x) determined by PM-8188-A need to be corrected by y=1.353 6 x-9.788(R~2=0.974 5). But there is no significant difference between the values of PM-8188-A and direct-drying method within the range of 25%-32%. In conclusion, compared with the direct-drying method, PM-8188-A was limited.
引文
[1]柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧,等.玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2036-2043.Chai Z W,Wang K R,Guo Y Q,et al.Current status of maize mechanical grain harvesting and its relationship with grain moisture content[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2036-2043.(in Chinese)
[2]谢瑞芝,雷晓鹏,王克如,等.黄淮海夏玉米子粒机械收获研究初报[J].作物杂志,2014(2):76-79.Xie R Z,Lei X P,Wang K R,et al Research on corn mechanically harvesting grain quality in Huanghuaihai plain[J].Crops,2014(2):76-79.(in Chinese)
[3]李璐璐,雷晓鹏,谢瑞芝,等.夏玉米机械粒收质量影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2044-2051.Li L L,Lei X P,Xie R Z,et al.Analysis of influential factors on mechanical grain harvest quality of summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2044-2051.(in Chinese)
[4]柳枫贺,王克如,李健,等.影响玉米机械收粒质量因素的分析[J].作物杂志,2013(4):116-119.Liu F H,Wang K R,Li J,et al.Factors affecting corn mechanically harvesting grain quality[J].Crops,2013(4):116-119.(in Chinese)
[5]孙红梅,辛霞,林坚,等.温度对玉米种子贮藏最适含水量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(5):656-662.Sun H M,Xin X,Lin J,et al.Effect of temperature on optimum moisture content of stored maize seeds[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(5):656-662.(in Chinese)
[6]严敏.玉米种子超干贮藏最适含水量研究[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(10):71-73.Yan M.The optimal moisture content for ultra-dry storage of maize seeds[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2013,28(10):71-73.(in Chinese)
[7]GB/T 10362-2008.食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定[S].中国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2016.
[8]Hurburgh C R,Paynter L N,Schmit S G.Moisture meter performance I corn over five crop years[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1987(2):579-581.
[9]Hurburgh C R.Moisture meter performance II.soybeans[J].Transactions of the ASEA American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1987(2):579-581.
[10]许斌,张锐,王顺芬.粮食水分快速测定方法探讨[J].粮食储藏,2008,37(3):52-53.Xu B,Zhang R,Wang S F.The method of rapid determination of food moisture[J].Grain Storage,2008,37(3):52-53.(in Chinese)
[11]李亿凡,汪海敏,陈艳霜.快速水分检测仪对不同水分含量稻谷测定结果的研究[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2009,25(4):52-54.Li Y F,Wang H M,Chen Y S.Study on the determination results of different moisture content of rice by rapid moisture detector[J].Grain and oil storage technology newsletter,2009,25(4):52-54.(in Chinese)
[12]赵艳妍,袁红斌.电容式快速粮食水分测定仪的应用与探讨[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2002(1):41-42.Zhao Y Y,Yuan H B.Application and discussion of capacitive fast food moisture meter[J].Grain and oil storage technology newsletter,2002(1):41-42.(in Chinese)
[13]耿玉辉.粮食两种水分测定方法的比较分析[J].价值工程,2012,31(10):312-312.Geng Y H.Comparative analysis of two of grain moisture test methods[J].VE,2012,31(10):312-312.(in Chinese)
[14]李明,杨海伯,吴桂萍,等.用电容式谷物水分测量仪测量不同类型玉米种子水分试验[J].种子科技,2009,27(8):28-29.Li M,Yang H B,Wu G P,et al.The moisture test of different maize seeds was measured with a capacitive grain moisture meter[J].Seed Science&Technology,2009,27(8):28-29.(in Chinese)
[15]Singh M,Paulsen M R,Colbrook S A.Corn moisture meter comparisons to the air oven in illinois[M].Research Gate,2003.
[16]Hurburgh C R,Hazen T E,Bern C J.Corn moisture measurement accuracy[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1985:634-640.
[17]孙艳杰,宗春美,金益,等.PM-888式电子水分速测仪的校正方法研究[J].种子世界,2007(1):28-30.Sun Y J,Zong C M,Jin Y,et al.Study on the calibration method of pm-888 electronic moisture meter[J].Seed World,2007(1):28-30.(in Chinese)
[18]JJG 891—1995.国家计量检定规程电容法和电阻法谷物水分测定仪[S].国家技术监督局,1995.
[19]Hurburgh C R,Paynter L N,Schmit S G,et al.Performance of farm-type moisture[J].Transactions of the ASAE.1986:1118-1123.
[20]Paulsen M R,Hill L D,Dixon B L.Corn moisture meter-to-oven comparisons[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1984,27(6):1917-1923.
[21]卢道文,宋俊乔,李永江,等.收获时玉米子粒水分快速测定方法探讨[J].农业科技通讯,2016(6):88-91.Lu D W,Song J Q,Li Y J,et al.Rapid determination of moisture in maize grains at harvesting[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2016(6):88-91.(in Chinese)
[22]龚红菊,姬长英.谷物水分测量方法的比较研究[J].粮油加工与食品机械,2006(6):60-61.Gong H J,Ji C Y.Comparative study on measurement methods of grain moisture[J].Cereals and Oils Processing,2006(6):60-61.(in Chinese)
[23]景勇,丁岚.电容式粮食水分仪的研究与设计[J].沈阳航空航天大学学报,2011,28(2):51-54.Jing Y,Ding L.Research on the design of capacitive grain moisture mete[J].Journal of Shenyang Aerospace University,2011,28(2):51-54.(in Chinese)
[24]王凯,张为民,王珮琍.微处理器控制的电容式水分测定仪[J].分析仪器,1986(4):16-20.Wang K,Zhang W M,Wang P L.A capacitive moisture meter controlled by a microprocessor[J].Analytical Instrumentation,1986(4):16-20.(in Chinese)
[25]蔡利民,孔力.圆筒形电容式粮食水分传感器的数学模型与影响因素分析[J].分析仪器,2009(1):49-52.Cai L M,Kong L.Mathematical model and influence factor analysis of cylindrical capacitive food moisture sensor[J].Analytical Instrumentation,2009(1):49-52.(in Chinese)
[26]杨荣辉.电容式粮食水分仪的研究[D].沈阳工业大学,2003.
[27]Sacilik K,Colak A.Determination of dielectric properties of corn seeds from 1 to 100 MHz[J].Powder Technology,2010,203(2):365-370.
[28]oltani M,Alimardani R.Design,development and calibration of a portable capacitive moisture meter[J].Sensors&Transducers,2011,129(6):24-32.
[29]滕召胜,刘坤华,唐瑞明,等.粮食水分快速检测技术综合评述[J].中国粮油学报,1999(3):53-57.Teng Z S,Liu K H,Tang R M,et al.Comments on quick measurement of grain moisture content[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,1999(3):53-57.(in Chinese)
[30]周建征,宫群英,王春红.电容式快速水分测定仪测定小麦水分的温度补偿探讨[J].粮食与饲料工业,2009(9):45-46.Zhou J Z,Gong Q Y,Wang C H.Discussion on temperature compensation of capacitance type rapid moisture tester for detection of wheat moisture[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2009(9):45-46.(in Chinese)
[2]谢瑞芝,雷晓鹏,王克如,等.黄淮海夏玉米子粒机械收获研究初报[J].作物杂志,2014(2):76-79.Xie R Z,Lei X P,Wang K R,et al Research on corn mechanically harvesting grain quality in Huanghuaihai plain[J].Crops,2014(2):76-79.(in Chinese)
[3]李璐璐,雷晓鹏,谢瑞芝,等.夏玉米机械粒收质量影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2044-2051.Li L L,Lei X P,Xie R Z,et al.Analysis of influential factors on mechanical grain harvest quality of summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2044-2051.(in Chinese)
[4]柳枫贺,王克如,李健,等.影响玉米机械收粒质量因素的分析[J].作物杂志,2013(4):116-119.Liu F H,Wang K R,Li J,et al.Factors affecting corn mechanically harvesting grain quality[J].Crops,2013(4):116-119.(in Chinese)
[5]孙红梅,辛霞,林坚,等.温度对玉米种子贮藏最适含水量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(5):656-662.Sun H M,Xin X,Lin J,et al.Effect of temperature on optimum moisture content of stored maize seeds[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(5):656-662.(in Chinese)
[6]严敏.玉米种子超干贮藏最适含水量研究[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(10):71-73.Yan M.The optimal moisture content for ultra-dry storage of maize seeds[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2013,28(10):71-73.(in Chinese)
[7]GB/T 10362-2008.食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定[S].中国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2016.
[8]Hurburgh C R,Paynter L N,Schmit S G.Moisture meter performance I corn over five crop years[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1987(2):579-581.
[9]Hurburgh C R.Moisture meter performance II.soybeans[J].Transactions of the ASEA American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1987(2):579-581.
[10]许斌,张锐,王顺芬.粮食水分快速测定方法探讨[J].粮食储藏,2008,37(3):52-53.Xu B,Zhang R,Wang S F.The method of rapid determination of food moisture[J].Grain Storage,2008,37(3):52-53.(in Chinese)
[11]李亿凡,汪海敏,陈艳霜.快速水分检测仪对不同水分含量稻谷测定结果的研究[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2009,25(4):52-54.Li Y F,Wang H M,Chen Y S.Study on the determination results of different moisture content of rice by rapid moisture detector[J].Grain and oil storage technology newsletter,2009,25(4):52-54.(in Chinese)
[12]赵艳妍,袁红斌.电容式快速粮食水分测定仪的应用与探讨[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2002(1):41-42.Zhao Y Y,Yuan H B.Application and discussion of capacitive fast food moisture meter[J].Grain and oil storage technology newsletter,2002(1):41-42.(in Chinese)
[13]耿玉辉.粮食两种水分测定方法的比较分析[J].价值工程,2012,31(10):312-312.Geng Y H.Comparative analysis of two of grain moisture test methods[J].VE,2012,31(10):312-312.(in Chinese)
[14]李明,杨海伯,吴桂萍,等.用电容式谷物水分测量仪测量不同类型玉米种子水分试验[J].种子科技,2009,27(8):28-29.Li M,Yang H B,Wu G P,et al.The moisture test of different maize seeds was measured with a capacitive grain moisture meter[J].Seed Science&Technology,2009,27(8):28-29.(in Chinese)
[15]Singh M,Paulsen M R,Colbrook S A.Corn moisture meter comparisons to the air oven in illinois[M].Research Gate,2003.
[16]Hurburgh C R,Hazen T E,Bern C J.Corn moisture measurement accuracy[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1985:634-640.
[17]孙艳杰,宗春美,金益,等.PM-888式电子水分速测仪的校正方法研究[J].种子世界,2007(1):28-30.Sun Y J,Zong C M,Jin Y,et al.Study on the calibration method of pm-888 electronic moisture meter[J].Seed World,2007(1):28-30.(in Chinese)
[18]JJG 891—1995.国家计量检定规程电容法和电阻法谷物水分测定仪[S].国家技术监督局,1995.
[19]Hurburgh C R,Paynter L N,Schmit S G,et al.Performance of farm-type moisture[J].Transactions of the ASAE.1986:1118-1123.
[20]Paulsen M R,Hill L D,Dixon B L.Corn moisture meter-to-oven comparisons[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1984,27(6):1917-1923.
[21]卢道文,宋俊乔,李永江,等.收获时玉米子粒水分快速测定方法探讨[J].农业科技通讯,2016(6):88-91.Lu D W,Song J Q,Li Y J,et al.Rapid determination of moisture in maize grains at harvesting[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2016(6):88-91.(in Chinese)
[22]龚红菊,姬长英.谷物水分测量方法的比较研究[J].粮油加工与食品机械,2006(6):60-61.Gong H J,Ji C Y.Comparative study on measurement methods of grain moisture[J].Cereals and Oils Processing,2006(6):60-61.(in Chinese)
[23]景勇,丁岚.电容式粮食水分仪的研究与设计[J].沈阳航空航天大学学报,2011,28(2):51-54.Jing Y,Ding L.Research on the design of capacitive grain moisture mete[J].Journal of Shenyang Aerospace University,2011,28(2):51-54.(in Chinese)
[24]王凯,张为民,王珮琍.微处理器控制的电容式水分测定仪[J].分析仪器,1986(4):16-20.Wang K,Zhang W M,Wang P L.A capacitive moisture meter controlled by a microprocessor[J].Analytical Instrumentation,1986(4):16-20.(in Chinese)
[25]蔡利民,孔力.圆筒形电容式粮食水分传感器的数学模型与影响因素分析[J].分析仪器,2009(1):49-52.Cai L M,Kong L.Mathematical model and influence factor analysis of cylindrical capacitive food moisture sensor[J].Analytical Instrumentation,2009(1):49-52.(in Chinese)
[26]杨荣辉.电容式粮食水分仪的研究[D].沈阳工业大学,2003.
[27]Sacilik K,Colak A.Determination of dielectric properties of corn seeds from 1 to 100 MHz[J].Powder Technology,2010,203(2):365-370.
[28]oltani M,Alimardani R.Design,development and calibration of a portable capacitive moisture meter[J].Sensors&Transducers,2011,129(6):24-32.
[29]滕召胜,刘坤华,唐瑞明,等.粮食水分快速检测技术综合评述[J].中国粮油学报,1999(3):53-57.Teng Z S,Liu K H,Tang R M,et al.Comments on quick measurement of grain moisture content[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,1999(3):53-57.(in Chinese)
[30]周建征,宫群英,王春红.电容式快速水分测定仪测定小麦水分的温度补偿探讨[J].粮食与饲料工业,2009(9):45-46.Zhou J Z,Gong Q Y,Wang C H.Discussion on temperature compensation of capacitance type rapid moisture tester for detection of wheat moisture[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2009(9):45-46.(in Chinese)