链式刀库运动精度检测方法研究
|
摘要
刀库及自动换刀装置(ATC)的主要功能是存储刀具和交换刀具,其性能特别是刀库的运动精度影响着大型数控机床或加工中心是否能迅速、准确地完成换刀,是影响机床可靠性的关键因素。为研究链式刀库的性能尤其是刀柄的运动精度,主要包括每个刀位及整体的定位精度和重复定位精度,提出一种基于激光位移传感器和标准刀柄补偿的链式刀库运动精度检测方法。针对链式刀库顺时针和逆时针两种方向的运动,设计合适的工装并利用两个激光位移传感器间接测量得到刀柄装夹圆的圆心。通过将基准坐标下所测的标准刀柄装夹圆圆心坐标对所测的模拟刀柄装夹圆圆心坐标进行补偿,得到参考坐标系下模拟刀柄装夹圆圆心坐标,从而确定链式刀库每个刀位和整体的运动精度,估计所测链式刀库的故障阈值范围,为链式刀库故障预测提供了重要依据。
The main function of the tool magazine and automatic tool changer(ATC) is to store tools and switching tools. Its performance, especially the dynamic accuracy of the tool magazine, influences whether large CNC machine tools or machining centers can complete the tool change quickly and accurately, which is the key factor of machine reliability. The positioning accuracy and repetitive positioning accuracy of each tool position and the whole are two main performance of the chain tool magazine, especially the dynamic accuracy of the tool holder. To improve the performance, a new method based on the laser displacement sensor and the standard tool holder compensations proposed. For the clockwise or counterclockwise direction of the chain tool magazine, suitable tooling is designed and the center of the tool holder clamping circle is indirectly measured with two laser displacement sensors. With the center of the clamping circle of the standard tool holder in the reference coordinates, the center of the clamping circle of the simulated tool holder is compensated, and the center of the clamping circle of the simulated tool holder is obtained in reference coordinate system. Then, the dynamic accuracy of each tool position and the whole of the tool magazine is determined, and the whole fault threshold range of the tested chain tool magazine is estimated, which provides an important basis for chain magazine failure prediction.
The main function of the tool magazine and automatic tool changer(ATC) is to store tools and switching tools. Its performance, especially the dynamic accuracy of the tool magazine, influences whether large CNC machine tools or machining centers can complete the tool change quickly and accurately, which is the key factor of machine reliability. The positioning accuracy and repetitive positioning accuracy of each tool position and the whole are two main performance of the chain tool magazine, especially the dynamic accuracy of the tool holder. To improve the performance, a new method based on the laser displacement sensor and the standard tool holder compensations proposed. For the clockwise or counterclockwise direction of the chain tool magazine, suitable tooling is designed and the center of the tool holder clamping circle is indirectly measured with two laser displacement sensors. With the center of the clamping circle of the standard tool holder in the reference coordinates, the center of the clamping circle of the simulated tool holder is compensated, and the center of the clamping circle of the simulated tool holder is obtained in reference coordinate system. Then, the dynamic accuracy of each tool position and the whole of the tool magazine is determined, and the whole fault threshold range of the tested chain tool magazine is estimated, which provides an important basis for chain magazine failure prediction.
引文
[1] 丘立庆. 数控加工中心斗笠式刀库与自动换刀装置的可靠性研究[J]. 自动化与仪器仪表, 2017, 36(11): 11-12.QIU L Q. Research on the reliability of CNC machining center of bamboo hat type knife and automatic tool changer [J]. Automation and Instrumentation, 2017, 36(11): 11-12.
[2] 张根保, 王新, 冉琰, 等. 复杂机电产品基于元动作分解的可靠性建模及故障诊断[J]. 重庆大学学报, 2017, 40(8): 9-18.ZHANG G B, WANG X, RAN Y, et al. Reliability modeling and fault diagnosing of complex electromechanical products based on meta-action decomposition [J]. Journal of Chongqing University, 2017, 40(8): 9-18.
[3] 张跃明, 屈天恒, 冀永虎, 等. 盘式刀库及自动换刀装置的性能检测平台[J]. 制造技术与机床, 2017, 66(5): 124-127.ZHANG Y M, QU T H, JI Y H, et al. Performance detection platform for disc magazine and automatic tool changer [J]. Manufacturing Technology and Machine Tools, 2017, 66(5): 124-127.
[4] 黎园亮, 苟卫东, 李积元, 等. 链式刀库及机械手综合性能检测规范研究[J]. 机床与液压, 2017, 45(4): 154-159.LI Y L, GOU W D, LI J Y, et al. Research on comprehensive performance testing standard chain magazine and manipulator [J]. Machine Tool and Hydraulics, 2017, 45(4): 154-159.
[5] 夏仰球, 胡秋. 基于峰值超越法的盘式刀库随机振动可靠性分析[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2015, 56(2): 58-60.XIA Y Q, HU Q. Random vibration reliability analysis of disc magazine based on the peak beyond method [J]. Modular Machine Tool and Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2015, 56(2): 58-60.
[6] 张跃明, 黄文杰, 牟宏明, 等. 基于加权数据融合的刀库及ATC系统可靠性评测研究[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2015, 56(5): 152-155.ZHANG Y M, HUANG W J, MOU H M, et al. The research on tool change precision of knife library and automatic tool changer [J]. Modular Machine Tool and Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2015, 56(5): 152-155.
[7] 张跃明, 王立博, 牟宏明, 等. 盘式刀库电机电流监控系统设计[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2014, 51(5): 75-78.ZHANG Y M, WANG L B, MOU H M, et al. The design of the motor current real-time monitoring system about tool magazine [J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacture, 2014, 51(5): 75-78.
[8] 金俊, 查文彬, 王禹林, 等. 滚珠丝杠滚道研磨工艺试验研究[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2018, 59(1): 113-116.JIN J, ZHA W B, WANG Y L, et al. Experimental research on the lapping of raceway tracks of ball screw [J]. Modular Machine Tool and Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2018, 59(1): 113-116.
[9] 张珂. 探索导轨的运行轨迹[J]. 计测技术, 2017, 37(3): 66-66.ZHANG K. Explore the trajectory of the guide rail [J]. Measurement Technology, 2017, 37(3): 66-66.
[10] 魏祥武. 数控转塔刀架综合性能测试平台的设计研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2014, 51(1): 180-182.WEI X W. The research of performance test device for NC turret [J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacture, 2014, 51(1): 180-182.
[11] 郭聪聪. 新型高速五轴联动叶轮加工机床大件结构设计[J]. 机械制造与自动化, 2018, 47(2): 23-26.GUO C C. Structure design of new 5-axis high speed CNC machine tools for machining impellers [J]. Machine Building and Automation, 2018, 47(2): 23-26.
[12] 张跃明, 王高波, 牟宏明, 等. 刀库及自动换刀装置换刀精度检测研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2014, 51(4): 65-67.ZHANG Y M, WANG G B, MOU H M, et al. The research on tool change precision of knife library and automatic tool changer [J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacturing, 2014, 51(4): 65-67.
[13] 罗巍, 王贤琳. 基于模糊故障树的刀库系统可靠性分析[J]. 机床与液压, 2016, 44(9): 165-169.LUO W, WANG X L. Reliability analysis of tool magazine system based on fuzzy fault tree [J]. Machine Tool and Hydraulic System, 2016, 44(9): 165-169.
[14] CERTA A, HOPPS F, INGHILLERI R, et al. A Dempster-Shafer theory-based approach to the failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) under epistemic uncertainty: Application to the propulsion system of a fishing vessel [J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2017, 159(69): 69-79.
[15] 顾国梁, 王景芹. 失效数据的威布尔分布建模与参数估计方法[J]. 河北工业大学学报, 2015, 44(3): 7-16.GU G L, WANG J Q. Weibull modeling and parameter estimation method of failure data [J]. Journal of Hebei University of Technology, 2015, 44(3): 7-16.
[16] JIANG D, KONG D S, ZHANG Z N, WANG D Y. Vibration measurement of pedestrian bridge using double magnetic suspension vibrator based on wavelet analysis [J]. Instrumentation, 2017, 4(3): 14-23.
[17] 刘景艳, 张伟. 基于粒子群神经网络的高炉炉温预测[J].电子测量技术, 2018, 41(3): 42-45.LIU J Y, ZHANG W. Blast furnace temperature prediction based on RBF neural network and genetic algorithm [J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018, 41(3): 42-45.
[18] 谢宏, 李云峰, 陈海滨, 等. 混合粒子群算法优化支持向量机电路故障诊断[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2018, 32(3): 67-72.XIE H, LI Y F, CHEN H B, et al. Circuit fault diagnosis based on hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm of support vector machining [J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2018, 32(3): 67-72.
[19] 王若宇, 高凤强, 刘暾东. RV减速器摆线轮齿廓修形建模与补偿研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2018, 39(3): 81-88.WANG R Y, GAO F Q, LIU T D. Study on modification and compensation of tooth profile of RV reducer cycloidal gear [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018, 39(3): 81-88.
[20] 杨华晖, 冯伟利, 刘福, 等. 转台工作面角位置测量装置误差分析与补偿[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2017, 38(5): 1184-1189.YANG H H, FENG W L, LIU F, et al. Error analysis and compensation of angular position measuring device for turntable working face [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(5): 1184-1189.
[21] DONG Z, SUN X, CHEN C, et al. A fast and on-machine measuring system using the laser displacement sensor for the contour parameters of the drill pipe thread [J]. Sensors, 2018, 18(4): 1192.
[22] 王顺录, 李党娟, 范源, 等. 短距离激光测距传感器系统设计[J]. 国外电子测量技术, 2016, 35(11): 98-102.WANG SH L, LI D J, FAN Y, et al. Design of laser ranging sensor for short distance measurement [J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2016, 35(11): 98-102.
[2] 张根保, 王新, 冉琰, 等. 复杂机电产品基于元动作分解的可靠性建模及故障诊断[J]. 重庆大学学报, 2017, 40(8): 9-18.ZHANG G B, WANG X, RAN Y, et al. Reliability modeling and fault diagnosing of complex electromechanical products based on meta-action decomposition [J]. Journal of Chongqing University, 2017, 40(8): 9-18.
[3] 张跃明, 屈天恒, 冀永虎, 等. 盘式刀库及自动换刀装置的性能检测平台[J]. 制造技术与机床, 2017, 66(5): 124-127.ZHANG Y M, QU T H, JI Y H, et al. Performance detection platform for disc magazine and automatic tool changer [J]. Manufacturing Technology and Machine Tools, 2017, 66(5): 124-127.
[4] 黎园亮, 苟卫东, 李积元, 等. 链式刀库及机械手综合性能检测规范研究[J]. 机床与液压, 2017, 45(4): 154-159.LI Y L, GOU W D, LI J Y, et al. Research on comprehensive performance testing standard chain magazine and manipulator [J]. Machine Tool and Hydraulics, 2017, 45(4): 154-159.
[5] 夏仰球, 胡秋. 基于峰值超越法的盘式刀库随机振动可靠性分析[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2015, 56(2): 58-60.XIA Y Q, HU Q. Random vibration reliability analysis of disc magazine based on the peak beyond method [J]. Modular Machine Tool and Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2015, 56(2): 58-60.
[6] 张跃明, 黄文杰, 牟宏明, 等. 基于加权数据融合的刀库及ATC系统可靠性评测研究[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2015, 56(5): 152-155.ZHANG Y M, HUANG W J, MOU H M, et al. The research on tool change precision of knife library and automatic tool changer [J]. Modular Machine Tool and Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2015, 56(5): 152-155.
[7] 张跃明, 王立博, 牟宏明, 等. 盘式刀库电机电流监控系统设计[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2014, 51(5): 75-78.ZHANG Y M, WANG L B, MOU H M, et al. The design of the motor current real-time monitoring system about tool magazine [J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacture, 2014, 51(5): 75-78.
[8] 金俊, 查文彬, 王禹林, 等. 滚珠丝杠滚道研磨工艺试验研究[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2018, 59(1): 113-116.JIN J, ZHA W B, WANG Y L, et al. Experimental research on the lapping of raceway tracks of ball screw [J]. Modular Machine Tool and Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2018, 59(1): 113-116.
[9] 张珂. 探索导轨的运行轨迹[J]. 计测技术, 2017, 37(3): 66-66.ZHANG K. Explore the trajectory of the guide rail [J]. Measurement Technology, 2017, 37(3): 66-66.
[10] 魏祥武. 数控转塔刀架综合性能测试平台的设计研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2014, 51(1): 180-182.WEI X W. The research of performance test device for NC turret [J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacture, 2014, 51(1): 180-182.
[11] 郭聪聪. 新型高速五轴联动叶轮加工机床大件结构设计[J]. 机械制造与自动化, 2018, 47(2): 23-26.GUO C C. Structure design of new 5-axis high speed CNC machine tools for machining impellers [J]. Machine Building and Automation, 2018, 47(2): 23-26.
[12] 张跃明, 王高波, 牟宏明, 等. 刀库及自动换刀装置换刀精度检测研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2014, 51(4): 65-67.ZHANG Y M, WANG G B, MOU H M, et al. The research on tool change precision of knife library and automatic tool changer [J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacturing, 2014, 51(4): 65-67.
[13] 罗巍, 王贤琳. 基于模糊故障树的刀库系统可靠性分析[J]. 机床与液压, 2016, 44(9): 165-169.LUO W, WANG X L. Reliability analysis of tool magazine system based on fuzzy fault tree [J]. Machine Tool and Hydraulic System, 2016, 44(9): 165-169.
[14] CERTA A, HOPPS F, INGHILLERI R, et al. A Dempster-Shafer theory-based approach to the failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) under epistemic uncertainty: Application to the propulsion system of a fishing vessel [J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2017, 159(69): 69-79.
[15] 顾国梁, 王景芹. 失效数据的威布尔分布建模与参数估计方法[J]. 河北工业大学学报, 2015, 44(3): 7-16.GU G L, WANG J Q. Weibull modeling and parameter estimation method of failure data [J]. Journal of Hebei University of Technology, 2015, 44(3): 7-16.
[16] JIANG D, KONG D S, ZHANG Z N, WANG D Y. Vibration measurement of pedestrian bridge using double magnetic suspension vibrator based on wavelet analysis [J]. Instrumentation, 2017, 4(3): 14-23.
[17] 刘景艳, 张伟. 基于粒子群神经网络的高炉炉温预测[J].电子测量技术, 2018, 41(3): 42-45.LIU J Y, ZHANG W. Blast furnace temperature prediction based on RBF neural network and genetic algorithm [J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018, 41(3): 42-45.
[18] 谢宏, 李云峰, 陈海滨, 等. 混合粒子群算法优化支持向量机电路故障诊断[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2018, 32(3): 67-72.XIE H, LI Y F, CHEN H B, et al. Circuit fault diagnosis based on hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm of support vector machining [J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2018, 32(3): 67-72.
[19] 王若宇, 高凤强, 刘暾东. RV减速器摆线轮齿廓修形建模与补偿研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2018, 39(3): 81-88.WANG R Y, GAO F Q, LIU T D. Study on modification and compensation of tooth profile of RV reducer cycloidal gear [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018, 39(3): 81-88.
[20] 杨华晖, 冯伟利, 刘福, 等. 转台工作面角位置测量装置误差分析与补偿[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2017, 38(5): 1184-1189.YANG H H, FENG W L, LIU F, et al. Error analysis and compensation of angular position measuring device for turntable working face [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(5): 1184-1189.
[21] DONG Z, SUN X, CHEN C, et al. A fast and on-machine measuring system using the laser displacement sensor for the contour parameters of the drill pipe thread [J]. Sensors, 2018, 18(4): 1192.
[22] 王顺录, 李党娟, 范源, 等. 短距离激光测距传感器系统设计[J]. 国外电子测量技术, 2016, 35(11): 98-102.WANG SH L, LI D J, FAN Y, et al. Design of laser ranging sensor for short distance measurement [J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2016, 35(11): 98-102.