微波辐射对茶小绿叶蝉的杀灭效果
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摘要
茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii Matsuda是茶园最难防治的主要害虫之一。为研究其微波防控技术参数,在室内分别以0、100、200、400、500、600和800W微波处理茶小绿叶蝉成虫1min,研究其对茶小绿叶蝉的杀死数量;另外以0、100、200、300、400、500和600 W微波分别辐射5、7、9、11、13、15、17min,记录茶小绿叶蝉成虫即时死亡头数。结果表明,不同功率微波辐射茶小绿叶蝉1min,对其16d的死亡数量影响不显著;其中,600W在第7d累计死亡率为64.4%。600W微波辐射茶小绿叶蝉7～17min,其即时死亡数量显著高于其他功率微波辐射的处理;600W微波辐射13、15和17min,即时死亡率分别为61.1%、83.3%和87.8%。因此,拟推荐微波功率600W、微波辐射时间13min的组合,作为防治茶小绿叶蝉的生产应用参考指标。
The leafhopper Empoasca onukii Matsuda is a difficult pest to control.As a result,high dosages of insecticide are often used in tea plantations.To search for an effective alternative,applying microwave to reduce the population was investigated.The mortality rate of E.onukii adults by exposing the insects to microwave power at 0,100,200,400,500,600,or 800 Wfor 1min was determined in the laboratory.Meanwhile,the pests were also irradiated at microwave of 0,100,200,300,400,500,and 600 Wfor 5,7,9,11,13,15,and 17 min for an instant kill.Under the 1 min treatments,no significant differences were found on the insect mortalities in 16 d.The cumulated mortality was 64.4%on day 7when 600 W microwave was applied.On the other hand,the same microwave power produced significant more instant deaths on E.onukii treated for 7-17 min than any other power levels.It killed the pests at the rates of 61.1%,83.3%,and 87.8%in 13,15,and 17 min,respectively.Thus,an application of 600 W microwave for 13 min might be practical after further optimization on the treatment for a pest control measure on E.onukii.
The leafhopper Empoasca onukii Matsuda is a difficult pest to control.As a result,high dosages of insecticide are often used in tea plantations.To search for an effective alternative,applying microwave to reduce the population was investigated.The mortality rate of E.onukii adults by exposing the insects to microwave power at 0,100,200,400,500,600,or 800 Wfor 1min was determined in the laboratory.Meanwhile,the pests were also irradiated at microwave of 0,100,200,300,400,500,and 600 Wfor 5,7,9,11,13,15,and 17 min for an instant kill.Under the 1 min treatments,no significant differences were found on the insect mortalities in 16 d.The cumulated mortality was 64.4%on day 7when 600 W microwave was applied.On the other hand,the same microwave power produced significant more instant deaths on E.onukii treated for 7-17 min than any other power levels.It killed the pests at the rates of 61.1%,83.3%,and 87.8%in 13,15,and 17 min,respectively.Thus,an application of 600 W microwave for 13 min might be practical after further optimization on the treatment for a pest control measure on E.onukii.
引文
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[31]王勇,郑和斌,欧高财.病虫害绿色防控技术在促进茶叶产业提质升级中的作用[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(12):77-80.
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[2]谢文彬.微波技术原理及其发展与应用[J].科技资讯,2017,15(36):207,209.
[3]NELSON S O.Potential agricultural applications for RF and microwave energy[J].American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1987,30:818-831.
[4]钟建军,吕建华,王洁静,等.物理防治在储粮害虫治理中的研究与应用[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012(12):15-17,21.
[5]康芬芬,程瑜,黄庆林,等.微波技术在我国有害生物检疫处理中的应用现状[J].植物保护,2009,35(6):36-39.
[6]曾淑薇,车丽,黄琪琳,等.大米脉冲微波杀虫防霉工艺优化[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(2):106-112.
[7]苏小建,杨庆贵,吴炳耀,等.微波对出入境交通工具生活垃圾杀虫杀菌效果的研究[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(6):568-572.
[8]豁银强,汤尚文,于博,等.微波的杀虫灭菌作用及其在食品加工保鲜中的应用[J].湖北文理学院学报,2017,38(8):15-20.
[9]郝倩.储粮害虫防治方法综述[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2018,34(3):45-48,51.
[10]司东杰.茶叶加工中微波技术的系统应用[J].福建茶叶,2018,40(10):14.
[11]曾小星,万益群,谢明勇.微波辅助萃取——气相色谱法测定茶叶中多种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留[J].食品科学,2008,29(11):562-566.
[12]杜苏萌,白帅帅,汪敏.微波辐射提取工艺对茶色素提取率的影响研究[J].食品研究与开发,2015,36(21):69-71.
[13]李洋.微波—超声耦合双水相提取、树脂纯化茶多酚工艺研究[D]:赣州:江西理工大学,2018.
[14]项丽慧,林清霞,王丽丽,等.不同固样方法对茶鲜叶主要品质成分的影响[J].福建农业学报,2018,33(5):525-529.
[15]田琳,陈玉麒,曹阳,等.隧道式微波防治袋装大米中储粮害虫技术研究[J].粮食科技与经济,2013,38(6):34-36.
[16]王殿轩,刘炎,曹阳,等.微波处理对米象致死效果及小麦发芽率的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(1):105-109.
[17]王胜录,万忠民,陈培栋.高功率微波对稻谷中储粮害虫致死效果研究[J].粮食科技与经济,2017,42(5):49-54.
[18]梁静波,陈洪俊.微波处理植物种子灭虫试验[J].植物检疫,1997,11(2):90-91.
[19]陈智斌,吴树会,夏列,等.微波防治大米中玉米象虫卵的效果研究[J].粮食与油脂,2017,30(6):69-71.
[20]张民照,金文林,王进忠,等.微波处理对绿豆象的杀虫效果及对红小豆发芽率的影响[J].昆虫学报,2007,50(9):967-974.
[21]豁银强,车丽,汤尚文,等.米象的脉冲微波致死机制研究[J].中国粮油学报,2018,33(3):89-95.
[22]JIN S,CHEN Z M,BACKUS E A,et al.Characterization of EPG waveforms for the tea green leafhopper,Empoasca vitis G9the(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae),on tea plants and their correlation with stylet activities[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2012,58(9):1235-1244.
[23]朱俊庆.茶树害虫[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:104.
[24]林成业.茶树害虫的生态防控技术措施[J].福建茶业,2013,(4):39-41.
[25]王辉,龚淑英,陈美丽.茶园杀虫灯防治害虫综述[J].福建茶业,2011(1):42-44.
[26]孙晓玲,陈宗懋.基于化学生态学构建茶园害虫无公害防治技术体系[J].茶叶科学技术,2009,29(1):136-143.
[27]胡森涛,汪灶新,汪荣灶.假眼小绿叶蝉生态防控的技术措施[J].广东茶业,2016(3):32-33.
[28]BIAN L,SUN X L,LUO Z X,et al.Design and selection of trap color for capture of the tea leafhopper,Empoasca vitis,by orthogonal optimization[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2014,151(3):247-258.
[29]陈宗懋,陈雪芬.茶业可持续发展中的植保问题[J].茶叶科学,1999,19(1):1-6.
[30]张余杰,陈文龙,杨琳,等.小贯小绿叶蝉的化防农药及其抗药性发展状况[J].农药,2017,56(4):239-245.
[31]王勇,郑和斌,欧高财.病虫害绿色防控技术在促进茶叶产业提质升级中的作用[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(12):77-80.
[32]李景奎,戚大伟.电磁辐射对舞毒蛾卵孵化率的影响[J].中国森林病虫,2007,26(2):9-11.