尿液废水收集管道的结垢特性研究
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摘要
运行长达7年的源分离示范工程存在严重的尿液废水收集管道结垢问题,通过小试研究了管道结垢的影响因素,结果表明,小试与运行7年的管道表面垢成分基本相似,主要是钙和镁的磷酸盐难溶物。管道中脲酶量越大时,尿液废水氨化程度越高,管件上的结垢量越大,为降低结垢风险,需要尽可能地抑制尿素水解氨化过程。通过降低冲洗水量,或者使用硬度较低的冲洗水,能够降低管件上的结垢量,是切实有效的防垢措施。
Serious scaling problems on urine collecting pipes were observed in a demonstration project of source separation system operating for seven years. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the scaling characteristics. Results showed that the elemental composition of the scales in the experiments was similar to that in the demonstration project. The dominating precipitates of the scales were mainly calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate. Higher content of urease in the collecting pipes induced higher ammonification rate of urea in fresh urine, thereby resulting in more formation of scales. Ammonification should be inhibited as much as possible to reduce the risk of scaling on the pipes. Furthermore, decrease in the flushing water or using flushing water with low hardness can diminish the formation of scales. This proposed efficient approaches to reduce the risk of scaling on urine collecting pipes.
Serious scaling problems on urine collecting pipes were observed in a demonstration project of source separation system operating for seven years. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the scaling characteristics. Results showed that the elemental composition of the scales in the experiments was similar to that in the demonstration project. The dominating precipitates of the scales were mainly calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate. Higher content of urease in the collecting pipes induced higher ammonification rate of urea in fresh urine, thereby resulting in more formation of scales. Ammonification should be inhibited as much as possible to reduce the risk of scaling on the pipes. Furthermore, decrease in the flushing water or using flushing water with low hardness can diminish the formation of scales. This proposed efficient approaches to reduce the risk of scaling on urine collecting pipes.
引文
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[12] 苑宏英,谷永,张昱,等. 再生水集中和分散处理与供水模式的历史进程[J]. 给水排水,2017,53(8):131-136.
[13] 陈荣,王晓昌,金鹏康,等. 缺水城市雨污水再生处理和不同途径用水的关键技术研究与工程示范[J] 给水排水,2013,49(10):13-16.
[14] 张健,聂璋义,李萌. 负压(真空)排水流体摩擦阻力的计算分析与探讨[J]. 中国给水排水,2012,28(24):14-17.
[2] 李子富. 生态城市水系统的构建与展望[J]. 建设科技,2011(19):32-35.
[3] 张驰,徐康宁,苏冯婷,等. 国内外源分离排水工程项目概述[J]. 中国给水排水,2015,31(2):28-33.
[4] 郑向勇,叶海仁,程天行,等. 源分离尿液处理技术的研究进展[J]. 水处理技术,2012(12):16-20.
[5] Lienert J, Larsen T A. High acceptance of urine source separation in seven european countries: A review[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(2):556-566.
[6] Udert K M, Larsen T A, Gujer W. Estimating the precipitation potential in urine-collecting systems[J]. Water Research,2003,37(11):2667-2677.
[7] 国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法. 4版[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.
[8] 徐康宁,谢淘,王湘徽,等. 尿液废水氨化过程的控制措施研究[J]. 中国给水排水,2014,30(19):19-23.
[9] Xu K, Li J, Zheng M, et al. The precipitation of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate for P and K recovery from synthetic urine[J]. Water Research,2015,80:71-79.
[10] Udert K M, Larsen T A, Gujer W. Biologically induced precipitation in urine-collecting systems[J]. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply,2003,3(3):71-78.
[11] Hellstrom D, Johannson E, Grennberg K. Storage of human urine: Acidification as a method to inhibit decomposition of urea[J]. Ecological Engineering,1999,12(3-4):253-269.
[12] 苑宏英,谷永,张昱,等. 再生水集中和分散处理与供水模式的历史进程[J]. 给水排水,2017,53(8):131-136.
[13] 陈荣,王晓昌,金鹏康,等. 缺水城市雨污水再生处理和不同途径用水的关键技术研究与工程示范[J] 给水排水,2013,49(10):13-16.
[14] 张健,聂璋义,李萌. 负压(真空)排水流体摩擦阻力的计算分析与探讨[J]. 中国给水排水,2012,28(24):14-17.