温度和DO对MBBR系统硝化和反硝化的影响
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摘要
在缺氧/好氧/好氧串联运行的移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)系统中考察了温度和好氧反应器中溶解氧(DO)水平对生物膜硝化和反硝化过程氮素去除的影响,并通过高通量测序技术探究温度和DO的变化造成的MBBR系统中脱氮功能菌群结构的差异,从而在微观水平解释硝化和反硝化受温度和DO影响的生物学机理.结果表明,系统温度的升高可以同时强化生物膜硝化和反硝化过程,且好氧反应器中DO水平的提高对硝化过程有利,从而提高系统的脱氮效果.本研究中,在系统连续运行阶段,当系统温度和好氧O_1反应器的DO浓度为本研究范围内的最高水平时(即温度=20～22oC、DO=5～8mg O_2/L),比硝化负荷可达1.60g NH_4~+-N/(m~2·d)以上,而相同温度范围内比反硝化负荷可高达2.84g NO_3~--N/(m~2·d),从而使MBBR系统在该工况条件下获得了最佳的NH_4~+-N和TN去除率(分别达到了98.7%和85.7%).温度和DO影响硝化和反硝化的根本原因是温度和DO变化引起了脱氮功能菌群数量和群落结构的改变:当好氧反应器的DO水平下降时,硝化功能细菌的OTUs比例显著降低,尤其是异养硝化细菌的生长受到了严重的抑制;而温度的变化对反硝化细菌的影响主要体现在群落结构的变化.
The effects of system temperature and DO level in aerobic reactor on nitrification and denitrification in three lab-scalemoving bed biofilm reactors(MBBRs)in series operated under anoxic/aerobic/aerobic conditions respectively, were investigated. Themicroscopic mechanism based on the changes in the structure of nitrogen removal functional bacteria in biofilm affected bytemperature and DO were discussed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results indicated that the increase in systemtemperature could enhance not only nitrification but also denitrification process in biofilm, and the increase in the DO level inaerobic reactor was beneficial to nitrification process. During the continuous operation of the processes, when the system temperatureand the DO level in the aerobic reactor were at the highest level(i.e., temperature=20～22 oC, DO=5～8 mg O_2/L), more than 1.60 gNH_4+-N/(m~2·d) of the specific nitrification loading rate could be achieved, and the specific denitrification loading rate was as high as2.84 g NO_3--N/(m~2·d). The optimal removal efficiencies of NH_4~+-N and TN could reach 98.7% and 85.7% respectively. The essentialreasons for the changes in the population and community structure of nitrogen removal functional bacteria resulted from the variationin temperature and DO level. When the DO level in the aerobic reactor decreased, the OTUs proportion of nitrifiers, especiallyheterotrophic nitrifiers, decreased significantly. The effect from the temperature on the denitrifiers could be mainly attributed to thestructural change in the community.
The effects of system temperature and DO level in aerobic reactor on nitrification and denitrification in three lab-scalemoving bed biofilm reactors(MBBRs)in series operated under anoxic/aerobic/aerobic conditions respectively, were investigated. Themicroscopic mechanism based on the changes in the structure of nitrogen removal functional bacteria in biofilm affected bytemperature and DO were discussed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results indicated that the increase in systemtemperature could enhance not only nitrification but also denitrification process in biofilm, and the increase in the DO level inaerobic reactor was beneficial to nitrification process. During the continuous operation of the processes, when the system temperatureand the DO level in the aerobic reactor were at the highest level(i.e., temperature=20～22 oC, DO=5～8 mg O_2/L), more than 1.60 gNH_4+-N/(m~2·d) of the specific nitrification loading rate could be achieved, and the specific denitrification loading rate was as high as2.84 g NO_3--N/(m~2·d). The optimal removal efficiencies of NH_4~+-N and TN could reach 98.7% and 85.7% respectively. The essentialreasons for the changes in the population and community structure of nitrogen removal functional bacteria resulted from the variationin temperature and DO level. When the DO level in the aerobic reactor decreased, the OTUs proportion of nitrifiers, especiallyheterotrophic nitrifiers, decreased significantly. The effect from the temperature on the denitrifiers could be mainly attributed to thestructural change in the community.
引文
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[21]马华敏,张立秋,孙德智.缺氧-好氧移动床生物膜反应器处理低温生活污水效能[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(7):958-963.Ma H M,Zhang L Q,Sun D Z.Efficiency of anoxic-oxic moving bed biofilm reactor treating low temperature sewage[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(7):958-963.
[22]王秀杰,王维奇,李军,等.氨氮对异养硝化菌Acinetobactor sp.活性影响及动力学特性分析[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):943-949.Wang X J,Wang W Q,Li J,et al.Inhibition of initial ammonia and free ammonia nitrogen on Acinetobactor sp.and their biokinetics[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):943-949.
[23]梁书诚,赵敏,卢磊,等.好氧反硝化菌脱氮特性研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(6):1581-1588.Liang S C,Zhao M,Lu L,et al.Research advances in denitrogenation characteristics of aerobic denitrifiers[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(6):1581-1588.
[24]王秀杰,王维奇,李军,等.异养硝化菌Acinetobacter sp.的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4241-4250.Wang X J,Wang W Q,Li J,et al.Isolation and identification of a heterotrophic nitrifier,Acinetobacter sp.,and its characteristic of nitrogen removal[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(11):4241-4250.
[25]马娟,彭永臻,王丽,等.温度对反硝化过程的影响以及p H值变化规律[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(11):1004-1008.Ma J,Peng Y Z,Wang L,et al.Effect of temperature on denitrification and profiles of p H during the process[J].China Environmental Science,2008,28(11):1004-1008.
[26]Calderer M,Marti V,de Pablo J,et al.Effects of enhanced denitrification on hydrodynamics and microbial community structure in a soil column system[J].Chemosphere,2014,111:112-119.
[27]Albertsen M,Hansen L B S,Saunders A M,et al.A metagenome of a full-scale microbial community carrying out enhanced biological phosphorus removal[J].The ISME Journal,2012,6:1094-1106.
[28]高晨晨,郑兴灿,游佳,等.城市污水脱氮除磷系统的活性污泥菌群结构特征[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(23):37-42.Gao C C,Zheng X C,You J,et al.Structure characteristics of activated sludge microbial communities in nitrogen and phosphorus removal system of municipal wastewater[J].China Water and Wastewater,2015,31(23):37-42.
[29]肖可可,周律,贺北平,等.城市污水A2/O移动床生物膜工艺菌群结构分析[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(9):20-24.Xiao K K,Zhou L,He B P,et al.Analysis of microbial community structure in A2/O-MBBR system for treatment of municipal wastewater[J].China Water and Wastewater,2016,32(9):20-24.
[2]Delnavaz M,Ayati B,Ganjidoust H.Prediction of moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)performance for the treatment of aniline using artificial neural networks(ANN)[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,179(1):769-775.
[3]Zhang X B,Chen X,Zhang C Q,et al.Effect of filling fraction on the performance of sponge-based moving bed biofilm reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,219:762-767.
[4]Di T D,Di B G,Mannina G,et al.Comparison between moving bed-membrane bioreactor(MB-MBR)and membrane bioreactor(MBR)systems:influence of wastewater salinity variation[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,162(6):60-69.
[5]刘国华,陈燕,范强,等.溶解氧对活性污泥系统的脱氮效果和硝化细菌群落结构的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(6):1971-1978.Liu G H,Chen Y,Fan Q,et al.Effects of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrogen removal and nitrifying bacterial community structure in an activated sludge system[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(6):1971-1978.
[6]胡友彪,张文涛,黄周满.温度对MBBR和A/O工艺中污染物去除效果比较[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(2):178-181.Hu Y B,Zhang W T,Huang Z M.Comparison of effect of temperature on MBBR and A/O process for sewage treatment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012,35(2):178-181.
[7]郑敏,杨波,汪诚文,等.中试MBBR装置强化氨氮去除速率的影响条件研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(10):1778-1783.Zheng M,Yang B,Wang C W.Enhanced ammonia removal rate in a pilot-scale MBBR[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(10):1778-1783.
[8]刘凯,王海燕,马名杰,等.温度对城市污水厂尾水反硝化MBBR深度脱氮的影响[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(6):877-886.Liu K,Wang H Y,Ma M J.Influence of temperature on nitrogen removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent by denitrification MBBR[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(6):877-886.
[9]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:227-281.State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002,227-281.
[10]Delatolla R,Tufenkji N,Comeau Y,et al.Kinetic analysis of attached growth nitrification in cold climates[J].Water Science Technology,2009,60(5):1173-1184.
[11]Hoang V,Delatolla R,Abujamel T,et al.Nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)biofilm and biomass response to long term exposure to 1oC[J].Water Research,2014,49:215-224.
[12]季民,薛广宁,董广瑞,等.移动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水[J].中国给水排水,2013,19(2):56-57.Ji M,Xue G N,Dong G R,et al.Treatment of domestic sewage by moving bed biofilm reactor[J].China Water and Wastewater,2013,19(2):56-57.
[13]谢文玉,李德豪,钟华文,等.一体化A/O生物膜反应器脱氮特性研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(3):570-574.Xie W Y,Li D H,Zhong H W,et al.Study on nitrogen removal performance of an integrated A/O biofilm reactor[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2011,5(3):570-574.
[14]陈月芳,王岩,安丹凤,等.组合移动床生物膜(MBBR)中溶解氧浓度和进水流量变化对除碳脱氮的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(4):130-134.Chen Y F,Wang Y,An D F,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen mass concentration and influent flow rate on removal of carbon and nitrogen incombined moving bed biofilm reactor[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(4):130-134.
[15]吴广华,张耀斌,全燮,等.温度及反硝化聚磷对SBMBBR脱氮除磷的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2484-2487.Wu G H,Zhang Y B,Quan X,et al.Effect of temperature and denitrifying phosphorus on nitrogen and phosphorous removal in SBMBBR[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(11):2484-2487.
[16]王学江,夏四清,陈玲,等.DO对MBBR同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮影响研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(4):514-517.Wang X J,Xia S Q,Chen L,et al.Effect of DO on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in MBBR[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2006,34(4):514-517.
[17]Zhang S F,Wang Y Y,He W T,et al.Impacts of temperature and nitrifying community on nitrification kinetics in a moving-bed biofilm reactor treating polluted raw water[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,236(3):242-250.
[18]张燕,周小红,陈洪斌,等.温度对强化混凝-悬浮填料床生物氧化工艺运行的影响[J].给水排水,2006,32(s1):27-31.Zhang Y,Zhou X H,Chen H B,et al.The running performances of combined process of CEPT-MBBR in different temperatures[J].Water and Wastewater Engineering,2006,32(s1):27-31.
[19]牛川,任洪强,丁丽丽,等.低温对MBBR、SBR深度处理废水出水水质的影响[J].化工环保,2011,31(1):18-21.Niu C,Ren H Q,Ding L L,et al.Effect of low temperature on effluent quality of MBBR and SBR for wastewater advanced treatment[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2011,31(1):18-21.
[20]Salvetti R,Azzellino A,Canziani R,et al.Effects of temperature on tertiary nitrification in moving-bed biofilm reactors[J].Water Research,2006,40(15):2981-2993.
[21]马华敏,张立秋,孙德智.缺氧-好氧移动床生物膜反应器处理低温生活污水效能[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(7):958-963.Ma H M,Zhang L Q,Sun D Z.Efficiency of anoxic-oxic moving bed biofilm reactor treating low temperature sewage[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(7):958-963.
[22]王秀杰,王维奇,李军,等.氨氮对异养硝化菌Acinetobactor sp.活性影响及动力学特性分析[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):943-949.Wang X J,Wang W Q,Li J,et al.Inhibition of initial ammonia and free ammonia nitrogen on Acinetobactor sp.and their biokinetics[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):943-949.
[23]梁书诚,赵敏,卢磊,等.好氧反硝化菌脱氮特性研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(6):1581-1588.Liang S C,Zhao M,Lu L,et al.Research advances in denitrogenation characteristics of aerobic denitrifiers[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(6):1581-1588.
[24]王秀杰,王维奇,李军,等.异养硝化菌Acinetobacter sp.的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4241-4250.Wang X J,Wang W Q,Li J,et al.Isolation and identification of a heterotrophic nitrifier,Acinetobacter sp.,and its characteristic of nitrogen removal[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(11):4241-4250.
[25]马娟,彭永臻,王丽,等.温度对反硝化过程的影响以及p H值变化规律[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(11):1004-1008.Ma J,Peng Y Z,Wang L,et al.Effect of temperature on denitrification and profiles of p H during the process[J].China Environmental Science,2008,28(11):1004-1008.
[26]Calderer M,Marti V,de Pablo J,et al.Effects of enhanced denitrification on hydrodynamics and microbial community structure in a soil column system[J].Chemosphere,2014,111:112-119.
[27]Albertsen M,Hansen L B S,Saunders A M,et al.A metagenome of a full-scale microbial community carrying out enhanced biological phosphorus removal[J].The ISME Journal,2012,6:1094-1106.
[28]高晨晨,郑兴灿,游佳,等.城市污水脱氮除磷系统的活性污泥菌群结构特征[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(23):37-42.Gao C C,Zheng X C,You J,et al.Structure characteristics of activated sludge microbial communities in nitrogen and phosphorus removal system of municipal wastewater[J].China Water and Wastewater,2015,31(23):37-42.
[29]肖可可,周律,贺北平,等.城市污水A2/O移动床生物膜工艺菌群结构分析[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(9):20-24.Xiao K K,Zhou L,He B P,et al.Analysis of microbial community structure in A2/O-MBBR system for treatment of municipal wastewater[J].China Water and Wastewater,2016,32(9):20-24.