《西游记》“讲道说”的发展及其理论系统
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摘要
《西游记》研究的"讲道说"是明清《西游记》学术史上最为盛行的一种观点。这种观点渊源于明代的《西游记》评论,确立于清初汪象旭的《西游证道书》,发展于陈士斌的《西游真诠》,至刘一明的《西游原旨》达到高峰。此后,张含章的《通易西游正旨》、含晶子的《西游记评注》和怀明的手抄本《西游记记》,都是"讲道说"的余声。"讲道说"脱离《西游记》的文学性质谈论其思想内涵,便不免天马行空,牵强附会。但是,这些评点对《西游记》的传播,对于帮助我们理解《西游记》中相关道教内容,都具有重要意义;其中所蕴含的道教思想精华,又是我们研究明清道教史的重要资料。
The Taoist interpretation upon Journey to the West is the most prevalent viewpoint in the history of academic research in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which originates from the comments on Journey to the West in the Ming Dynasty,first emerges in The Monkey King's Amazing Adventure by Wang Xiangxu in the early Qing Dynasty,and then develops in True Exposition of the Pilgrimage by Chen Shibin,and finally reaches the peak in Original Purpose of Journey to the West by Liu Yiming. Later,Interpretation upon Journey to the West from the Perspective of"The Book of Changes"by Zhang Hanzhang,Comments on Journey to the West by Han Jingzi and the handwritten copy The Journey to the West by Huan Ming can be considered as the different versions of interpretation from the angle of"Taoism". The interpretation from the perspective of Taoism,though involving its connotation,digresses from the literary nature,thus it is inevitably unpractical and far-fetched. However,these comments are of great significance for the spread of Journey to the West and the understanding of its contents about Taoism. Besides,the essence of Taoism in these comments provides important materials for studying history of Taoism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The Taoist interpretation upon Journey to the West is the most prevalent viewpoint in the history of academic research in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which originates from the comments on Journey to the West in the Ming Dynasty,first emerges in The Monkey King's Amazing Adventure by Wang Xiangxu in the early Qing Dynasty,and then develops in True Exposition of the Pilgrimage by Chen Shibin,and finally reaches the peak in Original Purpose of Journey to the West by Liu Yiming. Later,Interpretation upon Journey to the West from the Perspective of"The Book of Changes"by Zhang Hanzhang,Comments on Journey to the West by Han Jingzi and the handwritten copy The Journey to the West by Huan Ming can be considered as the different versions of interpretation from the angle of"Taoism". The interpretation from the perspective of Taoism,though involving its connotation,digresses from the literary nature,thus it is inevitably unpractical and far-fetched. However,these comments are of great significance for the spread of Journey to the West and the understanding of its contents about Taoism. Besides,the essence of Taoism in these comments provides important materials for studying history of Taoism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
引文
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[4]李卓吾先生批评西游记[M].台北:天一出版社,1984.
[5]西游证道书[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1990.
[6]刘廷玑.在园杂志卷二[M].北京:中华书局,2005.
[7]刘一明.西游原旨[M].嘉庆二十四年湖南常德府护国庵藏版本.
[8]袁世硕.清代《西游记》道家评本解读[J].文史哲2003(4).
[9]竺洪波.四百年《西游记》学术史[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2006.
[10]西游真诠[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1990.
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[12]陈寿.三国志[M].北京:中华书局,1959.
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[14]朱一玄.西游记资料汇编[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2002.
[15]徐朔方.评《全真教和小说西游记》[J].文学遗产,1993(6).
[16]童第德.韩愈文选[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1980.
[17]杨春和.悟元子西游原旨序.西游原旨卷首[M].台北:天一出版社,1984.
[18]含晶子.西游记评注自序,西游记评注卷首[M].上海图书馆馆藏本.
[19]怀明.西游记记[M].北京:书目文献出版社,1996.