不同培育周期米老排苗木造林效果分析
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摘要
通过铺设培育周期为6和12个月的两种米老排(Mytilaria laosensis)实生苗(简称Ⅰ和Ⅱ类苗)对比试验和调查造林保存率、母株和萌条生长指标,初步评价造林后8个月米老排幼龄林的生长表现,为确定适宜的苗木培育周期和选择合适的苗木规格提供参考。研究结果表明:Ⅰ类苗的造林保存率、母株地径和高度均显著大于Ⅱ类苗,两者间的保存率、母株地径和高度的差值分别为13.8个百分点、0.60 cm和0.41 m;不同培育周期的苗木对造林后萌条生长无显著影响,优势萌条地径和高度以及萌条平均地径和高度分别约为1.0 cm、1.0 m、0.8 cm、0.8 m,而萌蘖率和萌蘖数均分别超过93%和2.5株穴~(-1);Ⅰ类苗造林后80%以上的母株生长高于优势萌条,而Ⅱ类苗造林后母株生长高于优势萌条的比例约占一半;母株地径与萌条生长指标相关性均不显著,而母株高度与优势萌条高度和萌条平均高度的相关性达到显著水平;总体上,采用培育6个月的实生苗造林,有利于促进新造米老排幼龄林的生长。
Growth performance of 8-month-old plantation of Mytilaria laosensis was preliminarily evaluated by comparing two types of seedlings(Type I and Ⅱ were cultivated for six and twelve months respectively) and investigating preservation rate, the growth index of mother plants and suckers, in order to provide references for determining suitable seedling cultivation period and selecting appropriate seedling specifications for the afforestation. The results showed that the preservation rate, the diameter and height of mother plant of type Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of type Ⅱ, and the difference of preservation rate, mother plant diameter and height between two types were 13.8%, 0.60 cm and 0.41 m, respectively. Different types of seedlings had no significant effects on the growth of suckers, and the diameter and height of dominant sucker, the average diameter and height of suckers were about 1.0 cm, 1.0 m, 0.8 cm and 0.8 m, respectively; The suckering percentage and sucker number of both types were more than 93% and 2.5 plants clump~(-1), respectively; over 80% of mother plants grew higher than dominant suckers after planting with type I seedlings while about half of mother plants did better than those after planting with type Ⅱ seedlings; the correlation between the diameter of mother plants and the growth index of the suckers was not significant, but that between the height of mother plant and the height of dominant sucker and the average height of suckers reached a significant level. On the whole, the seedlings cultivated for six months were beneficial to promote the growth of newly-established plantation of M. laosensis.
Growth performance of 8-month-old plantation of Mytilaria laosensis was preliminarily evaluated by comparing two types of seedlings(Type I and Ⅱ were cultivated for six and twelve months respectively) and investigating preservation rate, the growth index of mother plants and suckers, in order to provide references for determining suitable seedling cultivation period and selecting appropriate seedling specifications for the afforestation. The results showed that the preservation rate, the diameter and height of mother plant of type Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of type Ⅱ, and the difference of preservation rate, mother plant diameter and height between two types were 13.8%, 0.60 cm and 0.41 m, respectively. Different types of seedlings had no significant effects on the growth of suckers, and the diameter and height of dominant sucker, the average diameter and height of suckers were about 1.0 cm, 1.0 m, 0.8 cm and 0.8 m, respectively; The suckering percentage and sucker number of both types were more than 93% and 2.5 plants clump~(-1), respectively; over 80% of mother plants grew higher than dominant suckers after planting with type I seedlings while about half of mother plants did better than those after planting with type Ⅱ seedlings; the correlation between the diameter of mother plants and the growth index of the suckers was not significant, but that between the height of mother plant and the height of dominant sucker and the average height of suckers reached a significant level. On the whole, the seedlings cultivated for six months were beneficial to promote the growth of newly-established plantation of M. laosensis.
引文
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[12]刘佳嘉,李国雷,刘勇,等.容器类型和胚根短截对栓皮栎容器苗苗木质量及造林初期效果的影响[J].林业科学,2017,53(6):47-55.
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[14]YU N,YANG J,YIN GT,et al.Genetic diversity and structure among natural populations of Mytilaria laosensis(Hamamelidaceae)revealed by microsatellite markers[J].Silvae Genetica,2018(67):93-98.
[15]闫彩霞,杨锦昌,尹光天,等.供氮方式及水平对米老排苗期生长动态的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(5):11-16.
[16]CHEN L,ZENG J,JIA HY,et al.Growth and nutrient uptake dynamics of Mytilaria laosensis seedlings under exponential and conventional fertilizations[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2012,58(5):618-626.
[17]闫彩霞,杨锦昌,尹光天,等.米老排不同高度级苗木形态特征的分析[J].林业资源管理,2013(5):98-102.
[18]洪永辉,黄钦忠,林能庆,等.米老排苗木质量分级标准的研究[J].林业勘察设计,2016(4):12-16.
[19]张栋,黎颖锋,邓柄权,等.不同贮藏条件对米老排种子含水率和萌发特性的影响[J].林业实用技术,2016(8):21-24.
[20]李国雷,祝燕,李庆梅,等.红松苗龄型对苗木质量和造林效果的影响[J].林业科学,2012,48(1):35-41.
[21]焦晓明.红松苗分级造林试验[J].中国林副特产,2014,(1):35-36.
[22]卢志华.红松不同苗龄对苗木生长表现及其山地造林效果的影响[J].防护林科技,2017(3):22-23.
[23]周志平,刘志发,周光益,等.冰雪灾害形成的米老排残桩萌枝特征分析[J].林业与环境科学,2018,34(4):21-28.
[24]李甜江,李允菲,田涛,等.中国沙棘平茬萌蘖种群的密度动态及其调节规律[J].浙江农林大学学报,2011,28(5):713-719.
[25]唐继新,贾宏炎,曾冀,等.密度对米老排萌生幼龄林生长及直径分布的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(5):50-58.
[26]刘华东.不同造林季节及根系处理技术对无患子山地造林效果的影响研究[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(16):88-91.
[2]孙慧彦,刘勇,马履一,等.长白落叶松苗木质量与造林效果关系的比较[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(6):176-180.
[3]马常耕.世界苗木质量研究的进展和趋势[J].世界林业研究,1995,8(2):8-16.
[4]楚秀丽,吴利荣,汪和木,等.马尾松和木荷不同类型苗木造林后幼林生长建成差异[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(6):25-29.
[5]蒙剑,欧国腾,李吉松,等.小桐子油料能源林造林苗木分级研究[J].种子,2008,27(9):29-33.
[6]王琰,刘勇,李国雷,等.容器类型及规格对油松容器苗底部渗灌耗水规律及苗木生长的影响[J].林业科学,2016,52(6):10-17.
[7]吴运辉,袁丛军,丁访军,等.青钱柳苗木质量分级初步研究[J].种子,2018,37(6):124-126;131.
[8]吕志鹏.闽楠轻型基质苗木质量分级标准研究[J].防护林科技,2017(4):41-43.
[9]郭俊杰,尚帅斌,汪奕衡,等.热带珍贵树种青梅苗木分级研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(3):74-78.
[10]马跃,谌红辉,李武志,等.望天树苗木分级技术研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):153-156.
[11]刘欣,潘超美,郭颖,等.猴耳环苗木分级标准的研究[J].广东林业科技,2011,27(5):7-12.
[12]刘佳嘉,李国雷,刘勇,等.容器类型和胚根短截对栓皮栎容器苗苗木质量及造林初期效果的影响[J].林业科学,2017,53(6):47-55.
[13]郑万钧.中国树木志(第二卷)[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1985:682-685.
[14]YU N,YANG J,YIN GT,et al.Genetic diversity and structure among natural populations of Mytilaria laosensis(Hamamelidaceae)revealed by microsatellite markers[J].Silvae Genetica,2018(67):93-98.
[15]闫彩霞,杨锦昌,尹光天,等.供氮方式及水平对米老排苗期生长动态的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(5):11-16.
[16]CHEN L,ZENG J,JIA HY,et al.Growth and nutrient uptake dynamics of Mytilaria laosensis seedlings under exponential and conventional fertilizations[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2012,58(5):618-626.
[17]闫彩霞,杨锦昌,尹光天,等.米老排不同高度级苗木形态特征的分析[J].林业资源管理,2013(5):98-102.
[18]洪永辉,黄钦忠,林能庆,等.米老排苗木质量分级标准的研究[J].林业勘察设计,2016(4):12-16.
[19]张栋,黎颖锋,邓柄权,等.不同贮藏条件对米老排种子含水率和萌发特性的影响[J].林业实用技术,2016(8):21-24.
[20]李国雷,祝燕,李庆梅,等.红松苗龄型对苗木质量和造林效果的影响[J].林业科学,2012,48(1):35-41.
[21]焦晓明.红松苗分级造林试验[J].中国林副特产,2014,(1):35-36.
[22]卢志华.红松不同苗龄对苗木生长表现及其山地造林效果的影响[J].防护林科技,2017(3):22-23.
[23]周志平,刘志发,周光益,等.冰雪灾害形成的米老排残桩萌枝特征分析[J].林业与环境科学,2018,34(4):21-28.
[24]李甜江,李允菲,田涛,等.中国沙棘平茬萌蘖种群的密度动态及其调节规律[J].浙江农林大学学报,2011,28(5):713-719.
[25]唐继新,贾宏炎,曾冀,等.密度对米老排萌生幼龄林生长及直径分布的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(5):50-58.
[26]刘华东.不同造林季节及根系处理技术对无患子山地造林效果的影响研究[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(16):88-91.