基于压控振荡器的真随机数发生器设计
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摘要
通过对频率抖动机理的研究,提出一种基于压控振荡器(Voltage-Controlled Oscillator,VCO)的真随机数发生器(True Random Number Generator,TRNG)设计方案.该方案将电阻热噪声放大后作为VCO的控制信号使其振荡频率在中心频率附近随机抖动. VCO所产生的慢振荡信号对周期固定的快振荡信号采样生成原始随机序列,然后利用后处理电路提高序列均匀性并消除自相关性.通过热噪声发生器调节VCO的中心频率可实现序列比特率和随机性之间的权衡.所提电路采用SMIC 55nm CMOS工艺设计,芯片面积0. 0124mm2,比特率10Mbps,平均功率0. 81mW.输出的随机序列通过NIST SP 800-22测试.
After studies on the frequency jitter mechanism,a design of true random number generator( TRNG) based on voltage-controlled oscillator( VCO) is proposed. The scheme amplified the thermal noise of resistance and took it as the control signal of VCO. Its oscillation frequency thus randomly jittered around the centre frequency. The slow oscillating signal generated by the VCO generated an raw random sequence by sampling the period-fixed fast oscillating signal, then used the post-processing circuit to improve the uniformity of sequence and to eliminate the autocorrelation. Applying the thermal noise generator to adjust the centre frequency of VCO is able to trade off the bit rate of sequence and the randomness.The proposed circuit is designed in SMIC 55 nm CMOS technology with a chip area of 0. 0124 mm2,a bit rate of10 Mbps and an average power of 0. 81 mW. The output of randomly sequence passed the NIST SP 800-22 randomness test.
After studies on the frequency jitter mechanism,a design of true random number generator( TRNG) based on voltage-controlled oscillator( VCO) is proposed. The scheme amplified the thermal noise of resistance and took it as the control signal of VCO. Its oscillation frequency thus randomly jittered around the centre frequency. The slow oscillating signal generated by the VCO generated an raw random sequence by sampling the period-fixed fast oscillating signal, then used the post-processing circuit to improve the uniformity of sequence and to eliminate the autocorrelation. Applying the thermal noise generator to adjust the centre frequency of VCO is able to trade off the bit rate of sequence and the randomness.The proposed circuit is designed in SMIC 55 nm CMOS technology with a chip area of 0. 0124 mm2,a bit rate of10 Mbps and an average power of 0. 81 mW. The output of randomly sequence passed the NIST SP 800-22 randomness test.
引文
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[9]童成盛,郎伟,万培元,常云峰,金银姬,林平分.一种应用于智能卡的真随机数产生器的研究与设计[J].科技信息,2013(05):100-101.Tong Chengsheng,Lang Wei,Wan Peiyuan,Chang Yun-feng,Jin Yinji,Lin Pingfen. Research and design of a truerandom number generator for smart cards[J]. Science&Technology Information,2013(05):100-101.(in Chi-nese)
[10]魏子魁,符令,王雪,何洋,金鑫,谭浪,胡毅,唐晓柯,张海峰,赵东艳.一种基于热噪声振荡器的高速真随机数设计[J].电子技术应用,2018,44(10):29-31+36.Wei Zikui,Fu Ling,Wang Xue,He Yang,Jin Xin,TanLang,Hu Yi,Tang Xiaoke,Zhang Haifeng,Zhao Dongy-an. A high speed truly random number generator based onthermal noise oscillator[J]. Application of ElectronicTechnique,2018,44(10):29-31+36.(in Chinese)
[2] Wieczorek P Z. Lightweight TRNG based on multiphasetiming of bistables[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits&Systems I Regular Papers,2016,63(7):1043-1054.
[3] Srinivasan S,Mathew S,Erraguntla V,et al. A 4Gbps0. 57pJ/bit process-voltage-temperature variation tolerantall-digital true random number generator in 45nm CM OS[A]. International Conference on VLSI Design[C]. NewDelhi:IEEE,2009. 301-306.
[4]Mathew S K,Srinivasan S,Anders M A,et al. 2. 4 Gbps,7mW all-digital PVT-variation tolerant true random numbergenerator for 45nm CM OS high-performance microproces-sors[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2012,47(11):2807-2821.
[5]Brederlow R,Prakash R,Paulus C,et al. A low-power truerandom number generator using random telegraph noise ofsingle oxide-traps[A]. International Solid State CircuitsConference-Digest of Technical Papers[C]. San Francisco:IEEE,2006. 1666-1675.
[6]邓焕,金荣华,陈俊,等.基于振荡器的高性能真随机数发生器[J].固体电子学研究与进展,2007,27(3):391-396.Deng Huan,Jin Ronghua,Chen Jun,et al. Oscillator-basedhigh performance truly random number generator[J]. Re-search&Progress of SSE Solid State Electronics,2007,27(3):391-396.(in Chinese)
[7]Jun B,Kocher P. The Intel random number generator[S].Cryptography Research Inc,w hite paper prepared for InterCorp,1999.
[8] Mathew S,Johnston D,Newman P,et al.μRNG:A300μ950mV 323Gbps/W all-digital full-entropy true ran-dom number generator in 14nm Fin FET CM OS[A]. Eu-ropean Solid-State Circuits Conference[C]. Graz:IEEE,2015. 1-10.
[9]童成盛,郎伟,万培元,常云峰,金银姬,林平分.一种应用于智能卡的真随机数产生器的研究与设计[J].科技信息,2013(05):100-101.Tong Chengsheng,Lang Wei,Wan Peiyuan,Chang Yun-feng,Jin Yinji,Lin Pingfen. Research and design of a truerandom number generator for smart cards[J]. Science&Technology Information,2013(05):100-101.(in Chi-nese)
[10]魏子魁,符令,王雪,何洋,金鑫,谭浪,胡毅,唐晓柯,张海峰,赵东艳.一种基于热噪声振荡器的高速真随机数设计[J].电子技术应用,2018,44(10):29-31+36.Wei Zikui,Fu Ling,Wang Xue,He Yang,Jin Xin,TanLang,Hu Yi,Tang Xiaoke,Zhang Haifeng,Zhao Dongy-an. A high speed truly random number generator based onthermal noise oscillator[J]. Application of ElectronicTechnique,2018,44(10):29-31+36.(in Chinese)