聚偏氟乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合纳米纤维膜的渗透汽化脱盐性能研究
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摘要
以静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维膜为多孔支撑层,在其上涂覆聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为致密分离层,制备了PVDF/PDMS复合纳米纤维膜,并对复合膜的渗透汽化脱盐性能进行了研究。在涂覆操作前,使用堵孔剂聚乙二醇处理PVDF纳米纤维膜,以降低涂覆过程的孔渗问题,有效提高了复合膜对盐离子的截留能力。通过扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪和红外光谱仪等手段表征了复合膜的微观形貌、热稳定性和表面官能团形式。结果表明:聚乙二醇浓度为12%(wt,质量分数,下同)为最佳处理条件。操作温度为25℃时,渗透汽化脱盐通量可达6.46L/(m~2·h),NaCl截留率为98.8%;升温至75℃,通量可达19.3L/(m2·h),NaCl截留率为95.6%。
Polydimethylsiloxane/polyvinydenefluoride(PDMS/PVDF)composite nanofibrous membranes were prepared by coating electrospinning PVDF nanofibers with PDMS solution for pervaporation separation of NaCl aqueous solution.Filling the pores of PVDF layer with polyethylene glycol(PEG)before the coating process alleviated the permeability of PDMS and enhanced rejection rate of NaCl by protecting the pores from blocking of PDMS.The morphology and functional groups of membranes were characterized and the results suggested that permeation flux of membranes reached 6.46 L/(m~2·h)with the rejection of 98.8%,when PEG blocking solution concentration was 12%.With the operating temperature increased to 75℃,the permeation flux of membranes heightened to 19.3 L/(m~2·h)and the rejection rate of NaCl maintained at 95.6%.
Polydimethylsiloxane/polyvinydenefluoride(PDMS/PVDF)composite nanofibrous membranes were prepared by coating electrospinning PVDF nanofibers with PDMS solution for pervaporation separation of NaCl aqueous solution.Filling the pores of PVDF layer with polyethylene glycol(PEG)before the coating process alleviated the permeability of PDMS and enhanced rejection rate of NaCl by protecting the pores from blocking of PDMS.The morphology and functional groups of membranes were characterized and the results suggested that permeation flux of membranes reached 6.46 L/(m~2·h)with the rejection of 98.8%,when PEG blocking solution concentration was 12%.With the operating temperature increased to 75℃,the permeation flux of membranes heightened to 19.3 L/(m~2·h)and the rejection rate of NaCl maintained at 95.6%.
引文
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[2] Fouad E A,Feng X S.Pervaporative separation of n-butanol from dilute aqueous solutions using silicalite-filled poly(dimethyl siloxane)membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2009,339(1-2):120-125.
[3] Ribeiro C P,Freeman B D,Kalika D S,et al.Pervaporative separation of aromatic/aliphatic mixtures with poly(siloxaneco-lmide)and poly(ether-co-lmide)membranes[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemisty Research,2013,52(26):8906-8916.
[4] Kuznetsov Yu P,Kruchinina E V,Baklagina Yu G,et al.Deep desalination of water by evaporation through polymeric membranes[J].Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry,2007,80(5):790-798.
[5] Wang Q Z,Li N,Bolto B,et al.Desalination by pervaporation:a review[J].Desalination,2016,387:46-60.
[6]梁斌.脱盐渗透汽化复合膜的制备及其性能研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2015.
[7]梁斌,曹兵.复合结构纳米纤维渗透汽化膜的制备及脱盐性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2103,29(10):1-5.
[8]李珊,汪朝晖.PDMS/PVDF优先透有机物渗透汽化复合膜的制备[J].化工新型材料,2014,42(1):36-39.
[9]刘潇,石川.PDMS/PVDF渗透汽化膜制备过程中的孔渗问题研究[J].化工新型材料,2016,44(4):193-195.
[10] Vankelecom I F J,Moermans B,Verschueren G,et al.Intrusion of PDMS top layers in porous supports[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1999,158(1):289-297.
[11]李博豪.PDMS渗透汽化膜改性及其渗透汽化性能研究[D].长春:长春工业大学,2016.
[12]陈守刚,尹衍升.SiO2掺杂稳定ZrO2界面Si—O—Zr键形成的量子化学研究[J].硅酸盐学报,2004,32(6):664-670.
[13]甘肇强,陆新华.微波ECR-CVD法制备a-C∶F∶H膜的红外吸收及其光学带隙[J].材料科学与工程,2002,20(2):162-165.
[14]张梅.聚乙二醇/聚乙烯醇高分子固-固相变材料的合成与性能研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2004.
[15]倪澄峰.高性能中空纤维膜后处理及截留性能研究[D].天津:天津工业大学,2016.
[16]戎静,奚旦立,李运清.聚偏氟乙烯/聚氯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共混多孔中空纤维膜的制备与性能测试[J].工业用水与废水,2008,39(5):65-68.
[17] Xie Z L,Hoang M,Duong T,et al.Sol-gel derived poly(vinyl alcohol)/maleic acid/silica hybrid membrane for desalination by pervaporation[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2011,383(1-2):96-103.
[18] Bolanos E Q,Zhou H D,Soundararajan R,et al.Water and solute transport in pervaporation hydrophilic membranes to reclaim contaminated water for microirrigation[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2005,252(1-2):19-28.
[19] Polotskaya G A,Pulyalina A Y,Rostovtseva V A,et al.Effect of polystyrene stars with fullerene C60cores on pervaporation properties of poly(phenylene oxide)membrane[J].Polymer International,2016,65(4):407-414.
[20] Zhang Q Z,Li B B,Li P X,et al.Pervaporation of acetone/water mixture by PDMS-PTFE/PVDF composite Membrane[J].Desalination&Water Treatment,2016,57(50):1-16.
[21] Cho C H,Oh K Y,Kim S K,et al.Pervaporative seawater desalination using NaA zeolite membrane:mechanisms of high water flux and high salt rejection[J].Journal of Membrance Science,2011,371(1-2):226-238.