不同载荷下瞬态放汽过程特性仿真
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摘要
以美国某型弹射器为研究对象,建立蓄热器非平衡热力过程数学模型和基于牛顿定律和气体动力学的飞机力学模型,基于美军标实际数据进行了仿真验证。对不同飞机质量弹射过程进行动力学与热力学综合仿真研究,结果表明:当飞机质量为8、20、35 t时,弹射末速度均大于72 m/s,弹射最大加速度均小于6g,弹射时间均小于3 s;飞机质量越大,蓄热器放汽质量越多,蓄热器最终压力越小,开槽汽缸压力下降越缓慢,开槽汽缸漏汽质量越多
The mathematical model of non-equilibrium thermal process of steam accumulator and the mechanics model of aircraft based on Newton's law and gas dynamics for some thermal system was established.Based on the test date,the simulation result was tested and verified.The kinetic and thermodynamic comprehensive simulation of the steam process for different carrier-based aircraft mass was analyzed.The results was showed as follows:when the mass of the aircraft is 8,20,35 t,the end speed of aircraft is bigger than 72 m/s,the maximum acceleration is less than 6g and the time of catapult is less than 3 s.With the aircraft mass becoming greater,the steam discharging mass becomes larger,the end pressure of steam accumulator becomes lower,as while the down rate of the pressure of cylinder is small and the leaking quality of cylinder is bigger.
The mathematical model of non-equilibrium thermal process of steam accumulator and the mechanics model of aircraft based on Newton's law and gas dynamics for some thermal system was established.Based on the test date,the simulation result was tested and verified.The kinetic and thermodynamic comprehensive simulation of the steam process for different carrier-based aircraft mass was analyzed.The results was showed as follows:when the mass of the aircraft is 8,20,35 t,the end speed of aircraft is bigger than 72 m/s,the maximum acceleration is less than 6g and the time of catapult is less than 3 s.With the aircraft mass becoming greater,the steam discharging mass becomes larger,the end pressure of steam accumulator becomes lower,as while the down rate of the pressure of cylinder is small and the leaking quality of cylinder is bigger.
引文
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[21]王忠智.舰载机蒸汽弹射器弹射性能数值仿真研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017.WANG Z Z.Numerical study on steam catapult performance[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017.
[2]金长江,洪冠新.舰载机弹射起飞及拦阻着舰动力学问题[J].航空学报,1990,11(12):534-542.JIN C J,HONG G X.Dynamic problems of carrier aircraft catapult launching and arrest landing[J].Acta Aeronatutica et Astronautica Since,1990,11(12):534-542.
[3]赵险峰.航母舰载机蒸汽弹射系统的数学仿真研究[J].舰载武器,1996,(3):45-49.ZHAO X F.Study on mathematical simulation of steam ejection system for aircraft[J].Shipborne Weapons,1996,(3):45-49.
[4]齐强,孙建国,周源,等.舰载机弹射内弹道仿真计算[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2009,24(5):507-510.QI Q,SUN J G,ZHOU Y,et al.Simulation of ballistic trajectory for submarine[J].Journal of Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University,2009,24(5):507-510.
[5]张雷,冯蕴雯,薛小锋,等.舰载机蒸汽弹射动力学仿真分析[J].航空计算技术,2012,42(6):29-33.ZHANG L,FENG W W,XUE X F,et al.Dynamics simulation of carrier-based aircraft steam catapult[J].Aeronautical Computing Technique,2012,42(6):29-33.
[6]崔金辉,张少丽,王常亮,等.舰载机蒸汽弹射起飞数值计算分析[J].航空发动机,2017,43(1):71-78.CUI J H,ZHANG S L,WANG C L,et al.Numerical calculation and analysis of steam catapult launch for carrier-based aircraft[J].Aeroengine,2017,43(1):71-78.
[7]高俊东,崔帅,冯蕴雯,等.舰载机蒸汽弹射器热力学仿真分析[J].机械科学与技术,2013,32(7):963-967.GAO J D,CUI S,FENG W W,et al.Simulation and analysis of thermodynamics for carrier-based aircraft steam catapult[J].Mechanical Science and Technolog for Aerospace Engineering,2013,32(7):963-967.
[8]程刚,倪何,孙丰瑞.舰载蒸汽弹射系统建模与仿真研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,34(2):301-305.CHENG G,NI H,SUN F R.Modeling and simulation of shipboard steam ejection system[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,34(2):301-305.
[9]周清和.蒸汽弹射器速率阀研究[J].液压与动力,2003,(4):3-4.ZHOU Q H.Study on the velocity valve for steam launching equipment[J].Hydraulic and Power,2003,(4):3-4.
[10]朱齐丹,刘恒,李晓琳.舰载机偏心情况下弹射起飞研究[J].飞行力学,2016,34(2):10-14.ZHU Q D,LIU H,LI X L.Research on carrier-based aircraft catapult launching in the case of different eccentricity[J].Flight Dynamics,2016,34(2):10-14.
[11]刘恒,朱齐丹,李晓琳,等.舰载机蒸汽弹射反馈线性控制系统研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2016,37(8):1089-1095.LIU H,ZHU Q D,LI X L,et al.Carrier-based aircraft steam catapult system with feedback linearization control[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2016,37(8):1089-1095.
[12]BROWN M R,JERKINS R M,ROSE M F.Unsteady flow ballistics of a pneumatic launch tube[C]//AIAA,1998:1-16.
[13]THOMAS A,LEVENSON J.Steam catapult performance prediction program documentation[R].DTIC Document,1979.
[14]李湛.蒸汽弹射装置能量控制系统研究与仿真[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2011.LI Z.Research and simulation of steam catapult capacity control system[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2011.
[15]郭家敏,孙宝芝,雷雨,等.船用蒸汽蓄热器连续工作过程数学模型及其性能仿真[J].化工学报,2014,65(S1):346-352.GUO J M,SUN B Z,LEI Y,et al.mathematical model of continuous working process of marine steam accumulator and its performances simulation[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(S1):346-352.
[16]SUN B Z,GUO J M,LEI Y.Simulation and verification of a non-equilibrium thermodynamic model for a steam catapult's steam accumulator[J].Internation Jourmal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2015,85:88-97.
[17]于浩,聂宏.偏中心定位对弹射过程中飞机姿态的影响[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2011,37(1):10-14.YU H,NI H.Effects of off-center location on aircraft attitude during catapult launch[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011,37(1):10-14.
[18]余晓军,高翔,钟民军.蒸汽弹射器的动力学仿真研究[J].船海工程,2005,(3):1-4.YU X J,GAO X,ZHONG M J.Simulation on dynamics of the steam-powered catapult[J].Boat Works,2005,(3):1-4.
[19]刘相春.国外航母与舰载机速查手册[M].北京:海潮出版社,2003:140-144.LIU X C.Foreign Aircraft Carrier and Carrier Aircraft Quick Check Manual[M].Beijing:Tide Publishing House,2003:140-144.
[20]海军装备部飞机办公室.国外舰载机技术发展:气动、起降、材料、反潜、直升机预警[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2008:59-60.Aircraft Office of Naval Equipment Department.Technical Development of Overseas Carrier Aircraft:Pneumatic,Landing,Materials,Anti-submarine and Helicopter Warning[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2008:59-60.
[21]王忠智.舰载机蒸汽弹射器弹射性能数值仿真研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017.WANG Z Z.Numerical study on steam catapult performance[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017.