汾河流域人居环境适宜性评价及空间分异研究
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摘要
以汾河流域为研究区,选取影响区域人居环境适宜性的地形、气候、植被、水文、交通和GDP作为评价指标。基于GIS空间分析平台,构建汾河流域人居环境适宜性评价模型,揭示汾河流域人居环境适宜性分区及空间差异特征。研究表明:1)汾河流域人居环境适宜性指数位于29.98~79.7之间,均值为52.5,整体上从南向北,从河谷盆地向山地丘陵适宜性逐渐降低;适宜和较适宜区占汾河流域总面积的36%,人口约占总人口的55%;一般适宜区面积最大,约占49%,人口约占38.39%;临界适宜和不适宜区比率最小;2)不同地区人居环境主导制约因素不同。汾河流域人居环境适宜性较高的盆地谷地地区,植被指数和水文条件是其主要制约因子;人居环境适宜性较低的山地丘陵地区,主要制约因子为地形起伏度、经济发展水平和交通条件;温湿指数则对人居环境适宜性影响不大。
The land surface,climate,vegetation,hydrology,transportation and GDP were selected as evaluation indexes,and the human settlements environment suitability evaluation model was set up to reveal the environment suitability regionalization and spatial difference characteristic of human settlements in Fen river basin based on GIS spatial analysis platform. The results showed that:( 1) The human settlement suitability decreased from south to north,from basin valley to mountains and hills. The proportion of suitable region and comparatively suitable region accounted for 36% the total region,and the population living region accounted for 55% of the total region.The proportion of common suitable region was the largest,accounting for about 49% of the total area,and 38.39% of the population of Fen river basin. Critical and unsuitable region ranked the least.( 2) Main constraints for human settlement suitability were various in different areas. Vegetation index and hydrological condition were the bottleneck of human settlement for more suitable areas in basin valley area,while relief degree of land surface,economic development level and transportation condition were the bottleneck of human settlement for less suitable areas in mountainous and hilly area. Humidity-temperature index had a limited impact on human settlement suitability.
The land surface,climate,vegetation,hydrology,transportation and GDP were selected as evaluation indexes,and the human settlements environment suitability evaluation model was set up to reveal the environment suitability regionalization and spatial difference characteristic of human settlements in Fen river basin based on GIS spatial analysis platform. The results showed that:( 1) The human settlement suitability decreased from south to north,from basin valley to mountains and hills. The proportion of suitable region and comparatively suitable region accounted for 36% the total region,and the population living region accounted for 55% of the total region.The proportion of common suitable region was the largest,accounting for about 49% of the total area,and 38.39% of the population of Fen river basin. Critical and unsuitable region ranked the least.( 2) Main constraints for human settlement suitability were various in different areas. Vegetation index and hydrological condition were the bottleneck of human settlement for more suitable areas in basin valley area,while relief degree of land surface,economic development level and transportation condition were the bottleneck of human settlement for less suitable areas in mountainous and hilly area. Humidity-temperature index had a limited impact on human settlement suitability.
引文
[1]孙志芬,王永平.呼和浩特市城市人居环境质量评价分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(4):84-87.
[2]李雪铭,倪玉娟.近十年来我国优秀宜居城市城市化与城市人居环境协调发展评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(3):8-14.
[3]李陈.中国36座中心城市人居环境综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(5):1-6.
[4]周侃,蔺雪芹,申玉铭,等.京郊新农村建设人居环境质量综合评价[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(3):361-368.
[5]杨兴柱,王群.皖南旅游区乡村人居环境质量评价及影响分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(6):851-867.
[6]朱彬,张小林,尹旭.江苏省乡村人居环境质量评价及空间格局分析[J].经济地理,2015,35(3):138-144.
[7]祁新华,程煜,陈烈,等.大城市边缘区人居环境评价研究:以广州市为例[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(2):149-154.
[8]李伯华,杨森,窦银娣.城市边缘区人居环境的居民满意度评价及其优化[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(6):201-204.
[9]唐焰,封志明,杨艳昭.基于栅格尺度的中国人居环境气候适宜性评价[J].资源科学,2008,30(5):648-653.
[10]王重玲,朱志玲,王梅梅,等.宁夏沿黄经济区城市群人居环境与经济协调发展评价[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):189-193.
[11]贺晓慧,朱丽,宁小莉.包头市城市人居环境水平评价研究[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版),2014,43(2):229-234.
[12]刘建国,张文忠.人居环境评价方法研究综述[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(6):46-52.
[13]魏伟,石培基,冯海春,等.干旱内陆河流域人居环境适宜性评[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(11):1940-1950.
[14]刘立涛,沈镭,高天明,等.基于人地关系的澜沧江流域人居环境评价[J].资源科学,2012,34(7):1192-1199.
[15]山西省水利厅.汾河志[M].太原:山西人民出版社,2006:38-39.
[16]侯志华,马义娟.黄土高原汾河流域地表景观演变特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):92-98.
[17]封志明,唐焰,杨艳昭,等.基于GIS的中国人居环境指数模型的建立与应用[J].地理学报,2008,63(12):1327-1336.
[18]郝慧梅,任志远.基于栅格数据的陕西省人居环境自然适宜性测评[J].地理学报,2009,64(4):498-506.
[19]马丽君,孙根年,李馥丽,等.陕西省旅游气候舒适度评价[J].资源科学,2007,29(6):40-44.
[20]任健美,牛俊杰,胡彩虹,等.五台山旅游气候及其舒适度评价[J].地理研究,2004,23(6),856-862.
(1)由于和顺、武乡、昔阳、榆社、沁源、乡宁6县仅有少数村庄属于汾河流域,故研究区域不涵盖上述6县,仅限上述40个县市区。
[2]李雪铭,倪玉娟.近十年来我国优秀宜居城市城市化与城市人居环境协调发展评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(3):8-14.
[3]李陈.中国36座中心城市人居环境综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(5):1-6.
[4]周侃,蔺雪芹,申玉铭,等.京郊新农村建设人居环境质量综合评价[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(3):361-368.
[5]杨兴柱,王群.皖南旅游区乡村人居环境质量评价及影响分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(6):851-867.
[6]朱彬,张小林,尹旭.江苏省乡村人居环境质量评价及空间格局分析[J].经济地理,2015,35(3):138-144.
[7]祁新华,程煜,陈烈,等.大城市边缘区人居环境评价研究:以广州市为例[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(2):149-154.
[8]李伯华,杨森,窦银娣.城市边缘区人居环境的居民满意度评价及其优化[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(6):201-204.
[9]唐焰,封志明,杨艳昭.基于栅格尺度的中国人居环境气候适宜性评价[J].资源科学,2008,30(5):648-653.
[10]王重玲,朱志玲,王梅梅,等.宁夏沿黄经济区城市群人居环境与经济协调发展评价[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):189-193.
[11]贺晓慧,朱丽,宁小莉.包头市城市人居环境水平评价研究[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版),2014,43(2):229-234.
[12]刘建国,张文忠.人居环境评价方法研究综述[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(6):46-52.
[13]魏伟,石培基,冯海春,等.干旱内陆河流域人居环境适宜性评[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(11):1940-1950.
[14]刘立涛,沈镭,高天明,等.基于人地关系的澜沧江流域人居环境评价[J].资源科学,2012,34(7):1192-1199.
[15]山西省水利厅.汾河志[M].太原:山西人民出版社,2006:38-39.
[16]侯志华,马义娟.黄土高原汾河流域地表景观演变特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):92-98.
[17]封志明,唐焰,杨艳昭,等.基于GIS的中国人居环境指数模型的建立与应用[J].地理学报,2008,63(12):1327-1336.
[18]郝慧梅,任志远.基于栅格数据的陕西省人居环境自然适宜性测评[J].地理学报,2009,64(4):498-506.
[19]马丽君,孙根年,李馥丽,等.陕西省旅游气候舒适度评价[J].资源科学,2007,29(6):40-44.
[20]任健美,牛俊杰,胡彩虹,等.五台山旅游气候及其舒适度评价[J].地理研究,2004,23(6),856-862.
(1)由于和顺、武乡、昔阳、榆社、沁源、乡宁6县仅有少数村庄属于汾河流域,故研究区域不涵盖上述6县,仅限上述40个县市区。