平板式固体氧化物燃料电池封接气密性的LBM模拟与分析
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摘要
对平板式固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的压缩密封结构的泄漏特性进行定量研究。为模拟粗糙泄漏通道的复杂形貌,采用粗糙表面数值重构技术来构建不同气体泄漏通道;考虑流动通道尺度细微、边界复杂,应用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)对气体流动特性进行数值分析,建立包括粗糙表面几何特性参数在内的泄漏率计算模型;通过单粗糙峰微观接触力学分析,建立泄漏通道结构特征参数随应力变化的定量关系式,并分析各种因素对封接气密性的影响。结果表明:压缩密封结构的主要影响因素为粗糙表面形貌、密封材料机械力学特性、密封流体物性以及密封结构工作状态;表面粗糙度越大,温度越高,泄漏率越低;压缩密封过程中材料变形较小,对泄漏率的影响也较小;不同介质的热物理性质差异会引起泄漏率的不同。将提出的模型应用于某SOFC密封结构的泄漏率预测,计算结果与实验测量结果吻合良好,验证了模型的准确性。
The leakage characteristics of planar solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) compressive seals were studied quantitatively.In order to simulate the complex morphology of the rough leaky channel,a rough surface numerical reconstruction technique was used to construct different gas leak channels.By considering the minute size and complex boundaries,the gas flow characteristics were numerically analyzed by using the Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),and the leakage rate calculation model including the geometric parameters of the rough surface was established.Based on the micro-contact mechanics analysis of single rough peak,the quantitative relationship between structural characteristic parameters of leakage passage and stress was established,and the effects of various factors on sealing tightness were analyzed.The results show that the main influencing factors of compressive seal structure are rough surface morphology,mechanical properties of sealing material,physical properties of sealing fluid and working state of sealing structure.The leakage rate will decrease with increasing temperature and surface roughness.The material has slight deformation in the process of compression sealing,which ghas small influence on leakage rate.The difference of thermophysical properties of different media will lead to the difference of leakage rate.The model was applied to the leakage rate prediction of a SOFC seal structure.The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results,which proves the accuracy of the model.
The leakage characteristics of planar solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) compressive seals were studied quantitatively.In order to simulate the complex morphology of the rough leaky channel,a rough surface numerical reconstruction technique was used to construct different gas leak channels.By considering the minute size and complex boundaries,the gas flow characteristics were numerically analyzed by using the Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),and the leakage rate calculation model including the geometric parameters of the rough surface was established.Based on the micro-contact mechanics analysis of single rough peak,the quantitative relationship between structural characteristic parameters of leakage passage and stress was established,and the effects of various factors on sealing tightness were analyzed.The results show that the main influencing factors of compressive seal structure are rough surface morphology,mechanical properties of sealing material,physical properties of sealing fluid and working state of sealing structure.The leakage rate will decrease with increasing temperature and surface roughness.The material has slight deformation in the process of compression sealing,which ghas small influence on leakage rate.The difference of thermophysical properties of different media will lead to the difference of leakage rate.The model was applied to the leakage rate prediction of a SOFC seal structure.The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results,which proves the accuracy of the model.
引文
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[24]杨文健.硬密封结构界面泄漏特性的数值分析及理论预测方法[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[25]GREEN C K,STREATOR J L,HAYNES C,et al.A computational leakage model for solid oxide fuel cell compressive seals[J].Journal of Fuel Cell Science&Technology,2011,8(4):041003.1-9.
[2]王伟玮,徐林涵,张飞,等.固体氧化物燃料电池现状及其技术发展[J].科学与信息化,2017(2):193-194.
[3]ZHU B,ALBINSSON I,ANDERSSON C,et al.Electrolysis studies based on ceria-based composites[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2006,8(3):495-498.
[4]彭苏萍,韩敏芳,杨翠柏,等.固体氧化物燃料电池[J].物理,2004,33(2):90-94.PENG S P,HAN M F,YANG C B,et al.Solid oxide fuel cells[J].Physics,2004,33(2):90-94.
[5]卢静,彭晖,杨杰,等.基于LabVIEW的固体氧化物燃料电池监控系统开发[J].机床与液压,2013,41(10):121-123.LU J,PENG H,YANG J,et al.Solid oxide fuel cell monitoring system based on LabVIEW[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2013,41(10):121-123.
[6]刘泳良,屠恒勇.平板式SOFC Ag-CuO-Al2Ti O5封接材料的研究[J].电源技术,2014,38(3):454-457.LIU Y L,TU H Y.Study on Ag-CuO-Al2Ti O5sealing material for planar SOFC[J].Power Technology,2014,38(3):454-457.
[7]BLENNOW P,HJELM J,KLEMENS T,et al.Development of planar metal supported SOFC with novel cermet anode[J].Ecs Transactions,2009,25(2):661-668.
[8]朴金花,廖世军.固体氧化物燃料电池压缩密封技术的研究进展[J].电源技术,2009,33(9):816-818.PIAO J H,LIAO S J.Progress on the compressive sealing technology of solid oxide fuel cell[J].Power Technology,2009,33(9):816-818.
[9]于兴文,黄学杰,陈立泉.固体氧化物燃料电池研究进展[J].电池,2002,32(2):110-112.YU X W,HUANG X J,CHEN L Q.Development of solid oxide fuel cells[J].Battery,2002,32(2):110-112.
[10]李箭.固体氧化物燃料电池:发展现状与关键技术[J].功能材料与器件学报,2007,13(6):683-690.LI J.Solid oxide fuel cells:development status and key technologies[J].Journal of Functional Materials and Devices,2007,13(6):683-690.
[11]黄晓明,姚博,许国良,等.基于分形多孔介质输运的金属垫片泄漏研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(10):1-5.HUANG X M,YAO B,XU G L.Research on leakage of metallic gasket based on fractal porous seepage[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2016,44(10):1-5.
[12]JOLLY P,MARCHAND L.Leakage predictions for static gasket based on the porous media theory[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2009,131(2):021203.1-8.
[13]FENG X,BOQIN G U.Fractal characterization of seal surface topography of metallic gaskets[J].Journal of Chemical Industry&Engineering,2006,57(10):2367-2371.
[14]吕祥奎,杨文健,许国良,等.密封结构中粗糙表面特征对其气密性的影响[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(23):110-115.LV X K,YANG W J,XU G L.The influence of characteristic of rough surface on gas sealing performance in seal structure[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(23):110-115.
[15]何雅玲,王勇,李庆.格子boltzmann方法的理论及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[16]雷长征.饱和多孔介质介观尺度孔隙流的Lattice Boltzmann模拟[D].南京:南京大学,2015.
[17]伍祥超.格子Boltzmann方法在流体流动及传热中的应用研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.
[18]周文宁.复杂微通道内流体流动的格子Boltzmann模拟[D].大连:大连理工大学,2010.
[19]魏义坤.基于格子Boltzmann方法气-液两相流及热对流问题的数值研究[D].上海:上海大学,2013.
[20]YANG W J,HUANG X M,XU G L,et al.The influence of characterization of metallic gasket rough surface on gas sealing performance in seal structure[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Materials.Shenzheng:Trans Tech Pubn,2014:162-166.
[21]穆罕默德·阿卜杜勒马吉德.格子玻尔兹曼方法:基础与工程应用(附计算机代码)[M].杨大勇,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2015.
[22]许静,彭旭东,白少先,等.端面微尺度效应和热黏效应对干气密封性能的影响[J].化工学报,2013,64(9):3291-3300.XU J,PENG X D,BAI S X,et al.Effects of surface micro-scale and thermal viscosity on sealing performance of spiral-grooved dry gas seal[J].Ciesc Journal,2013,64(9):3291-3300.
[24]郑林庆.摩擦学原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994:185-186.
[24]杨文健.硬密封结构界面泄漏特性的数值分析及理论预测方法[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[25]GREEN C K,STREATOR J L,HAYNES C,et al.A computational leakage model for solid oxide fuel cell compressive seals[J].Journal of Fuel Cell Science&Technology,2011,8(4):041003.1-9.