南京城市降雨淹没模拟及径流分析
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摘要
针对强降雨引起的城市积涝以及相应次生灾害等问题,提出了一种基于暴雨洪水管理模型、GIS技术以及DEM数据、排水管网数据、降雨数据等数据的建立南京市暴雨积涝模型的方法,并利用该模型模拟了径流及淹没效果。结果显示:该模型是利用经验值率定方法对模型参数进行率定,率定结果较为符合实际情况,因此该模型能较好地模拟南京市的降雨积涝情况。通过对不同类型的降雨数据进行模拟分析,得出径流量的大小与降雨量强烈正相关,相关系数达0.9以上。径流的产生量还与降雨历时和平均降雨强度等其他因素有关。虽然南京主要降雨为峰值小、平均强度低的小雨,但是当降雨量超过设计排涝能力时,在地势低洼的地区容易出现积涝。
Regarding present problems of waterlogging and secondary disaster caused by rainstorm,one method to build Nanjing rainstorm waterlogging model is introduced.Based on SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)and GIS techniques,DEM data,underground pipeline data and precipitation data,Nanjing rainstorm waterlogging model are built and model actual parameters are got by parameter calibration.It is found that this model's actual parameters and corresponding outputs are reasonable good and can well reflect actual situation.The runoff and the number of waterlogging points increase as the recurrence period grows.Actually,runoff volume is strongly correlated with precipitation volume with correlation coefficient over 0.9.It is also found find that the most probably occurred rainfall in Nanjing is light rain with low intensity and low volume,while the precipitation volume exceeds designed drainage capacity,waterlogging occurs.
Regarding present problems of waterlogging and secondary disaster caused by rainstorm,one method to build Nanjing rainstorm waterlogging model is introduced.Based on SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)and GIS techniques,DEM data,underground pipeline data and precipitation data,Nanjing rainstorm waterlogging model are built and model actual parameters are got by parameter calibration.It is found that this model's actual parameters and corresponding outputs are reasonable good and can well reflect actual situation.The runoff and the number of waterlogging points increase as the recurrence period grows.Actually,runoff volume is strongly correlated with precipitation volume with correlation coefficient over 0.9.It is also found find that the most probably occurred rainfall in Nanjing is light rain with low intensity and low volume,while the precipitation volume exceeds designed drainage capacity,waterlogging occurs.
引文
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[15]南京市城市管理局.2014年南京暴雨强度公式(修订)查算表[Z].南京:南京市城市管理局,2014:1-2.(Nanjing City Administration Bureau.Nanjing rainstorm intensity function[Z].Nanjing:Nanjing City Administration Bureau,2014:1-2.)
[16]张书亮,孙玉婷,曾巧玲,等.城市雨水流域汇水区自动划分[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007(4):630-632.(ZHANG Shuliang,SUN Yuting,ZENG Qiaoling,et al.Automatic partition of urban rainwater catchments basin[J].Journal of Liaoning University of Technology and Science.2007(4):630-632.)
[17]史潇,黄亮,邱帅,等.城市小区域暴雨积涝模拟的参数率定研究[J].城市勘测,2017(2):16-18.(SHI Xiao,HUANG Liang,QIU Shuai,et.al.Research in the parameter calibration for rainstorm waterlogging simulation in small urban areas[J].Urban Geotechnical Investigation&Survey,2017(2):16-18.)
[18]GIRONUS S J,ROESNER L A,DAVIS J,et al.Storm water management model application manual[Z].Cincinnati,OH:National Risk Management Research Laboratory,Office of Research and Development,US environmental Protection Agency,2009.
[2]HSU M H,CHEN S H,CHANG T J.Inundation simulation for urban drainage basin with storm sewer system[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,234(2):21-37.
[3]LEE J H,BANG K W.Characterization of urban stormwater runoff[J].Water Research,2000,34:1773-1780.
[4]ANONYMOUS.Storm water management mode l user’s manual.Version 5.0[Z].National Risk Management Research Laboratory.Office of research and development.[S.l.]:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.2005:5-10.
[5]殷剑敏.南昌市暴雨积涝模拟及气候风险评估研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2013:51-70.(YIN Jianmin.Rainstorm waterlogging simulation and climate risk assessment research of Nanjing City[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Scientist and Technology,2013:51-70.)
[6]李娜,仇劲卫,程晓陶,等.天津市城区暴雨沥涝仿真模拟系统的研究[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(2):112-118.(LI Na,QIU Jinwei,CHENG Xiaotao,et.al.Study on simulation system of rainstorm waterlogging in Tianjin[J].Journal of Natural Disasters.2002,11(2):112-118.)
[7]尹占娥,许世远,殷杰,等.基于小尺度的城市暴雨内涝灾害情景模拟与风险评估[J].地理学报.2010,65(5):553-562.(YIN Zhane,XU Shiyuan,YIN Jie,et.al.Small scale city rainstorm waterlogging simulation and disaster evaluation[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2010,65(5):553-562.)
[8]沈东东.基于GIS的城市积涝灾害分析模型研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2013:13-20.(SHEN Dongdong.Study on the disaster analysis model of urban storm flood accumulation based on GIS[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Scientist and Technology.2013:13-20.)
[9]董欣,杜鹏飞,李志一,等.SWMM模型在城市不透水区地表径流模拟中的参数识别与验证[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1495-1501.(DONG Xin,DU Pengfei,LI Zhiyi,et al.Parameter identification and validation of SWMM in simulation of impervious urban land surface runoff[J].Environmental Sciences,2008,29(6):1495-1501.)
[10]丛翔宇,倪广恒,惠士博,等.基于SWMM的北京市典型城区暴雨洪水模拟分析[J].水利水电技术,2006,37(4):64-67.(CONG Yuxiang,NI Guangheng,HUI Shibo et.al.Simulative analysis on storm flood in typical urban region of Beijing based on SWMM[J].Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering.2006,37(4):64-67.)
[11]熊丽君,黄飞,徐祖信,等.基于SWMM模型的城市排水区域降雨及地表产流特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(11):3659-3666.(XIONG Lijun,HUANG Fei,XU Zuxin,et.al.Characteristics of rainfall and runoff in urban drainage based on the SWMM model[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.2016,27(11):3659-3666.)
[12]植石群,宋丽莉,罗金铃,等.暴雨强度计算系统及其应用[J].气象,2000,26(6):30-33.(ZHI Shiqun,The computing system and application of rainstorm intensity[J].Meteorological Monthly,2000,26(6):30-33).
[13]吴雪剑,费建芳,程小平,等.一次暴雨过程降水强度“双峰”结构成因分析[J].气象科学,2014,34(3):252-260.(WU Xuejian,FEI Jianfang,CHENG Xiaoping,et.al.Diagnostic analysis on precipitation intensity of rainstorm with“double peak”[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2014,34(3):252-260.)
[14]庄智福,王珂清,杨杰,等.镇江市新一代暴雨强度公式研制及雨型设计[J].气象科学,2015,35(4):506-513.(ZHUANG Zhifu,WANG Keqing,YANG Jie,et al.Research on new generation rainstorm intensity formula and design of rainfall hyetograph in Zhenjiang[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2015,35(4):506-513.)
[15]南京市城市管理局.2014年南京暴雨强度公式(修订)查算表[Z].南京:南京市城市管理局,2014:1-2.(Nanjing City Administration Bureau.Nanjing rainstorm intensity function[Z].Nanjing:Nanjing City Administration Bureau,2014:1-2.)
[16]张书亮,孙玉婷,曾巧玲,等.城市雨水流域汇水区自动划分[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007(4):630-632.(ZHANG Shuliang,SUN Yuting,ZENG Qiaoling,et al.Automatic partition of urban rainwater catchments basin[J].Journal of Liaoning University of Technology and Science.2007(4):630-632.)
[17]史潇,黄亮,邱帅,等.城市小区域暴雨积涝模拟的参数率定研究[J].城市勘测,2017(2):16-18.(SHI Xiao,HUANG Liang,QIU Shuai,et.al.Research in the parameter calibration for rainstorm waterlogging simulation in small urban areas[J].Urban Geotechnical Investigation&Survey,2017(2):16-18.)
[18]GIRONUS S J,ROESNER L A,DAVIS J,et al.Storm water management model application manual[Z].Cincinnati,OH:National Risk Management Research Laboratory,Office of Research and Development,US environmental Protection Agency,2009.