NdFeO_3 as anode material for S/O_2 solid oxide fuel cells
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摘要
Sulfur-oxygen solid oxide fuel cells (S/O2-SOFCs) can improve the utilization ratio of energy via converting the combustion heat of sulfur into electrical energy directly, and sulfur trioxide which is an intermediate in sulfuric acid industry can be obtained directly via S/O2-SOFCs. The anode material NdFeO3 was prepared via sol-gel method, the phase stability of NdFeO3 in sulfur vapor or sulfur dioxide atmosphere was investigated. The single cell, consisting of NdFeO3-SDC/SDC/LSM-SDC structure, was fabricated by the screen-printing method and tested by the home-built equipment with sulfur vapor or sulfur dioxide as the fuel. As indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, NdFeO3 was stable in sulfur vapor or sulfur dioxide atmosphere at 800℃, the phase composition of the mixture of NdFeO3 and SDC (Sm doped CeO2) did not change after the mixture was calcined at 800℃ for 4 h. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph revealed that the average grain size of NdFeO3 powder was about 80 nm. With sulfur vapor or SO2 as the fuel, the maximum open circuit voltages (OCVs) of the single cell were 409 mV at 620℃ and 474 mV at 650℃, respectively; the maximum power densities of single cell were 0.154 mW/cm2 at 620℃ and 0.265 mW/cm2 at 650℃, respectively.
Sulfur-oxygen solid oxide fuel cells (S/O2-SOFCs) can improve the utilization ratio of energy via converting the combustion heat of sulfur into electrical energy directly, and sulfur trioxide which is an intermediate in sulfuric acid industry can be obtained directly via S/O2-SOFCs. The anode material NdFeO3 was prepared via sol-gel method, the phase stability of NdFeO3 in sulfur vapor or sulfur dioxide atmosphere was investigated. The single cell, consisting of NdFeO3-SDC/SDC/LSM-SDC structure, was fabricated by the screen-printing method and tested by the home-built equipment with sulfur vapor or sulfur dioxide as the fuel. As indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, NdFeO3 was stable in sulfur vapor or sulfur dioxide atmosphere at 800℃, the phase composition of the mixture of NdFeO3 and SDC (Sm doped CeO2) did not change after the mixture was calcined at 800℃ for 4 h. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph revealed that the average grain size of NdFeO3 powder was about 80 nm. With sulfur vapor or SO2 as the fuel, the maximum open circuit voltages (OCVs) of the single cell were 409 mV at 620℃ and 474 mV at 650℃, respectively; the maximum power densities of single cell were 0.154 mW/cm2 at 620℃ and 0.265 mW/cm2 at 650℃, respectively.
Sulfur-oxygen solid oxide fuel cells (S/O2-SOFCs) can improve the utilization ratio of energy via converting the combustion heat of sulfur into electrical energy directly, and sulfur trioxide which is an intermediate in sulfuric acid industry can be obtained directly via S/O2-SOFCs. The anode material NdFeO3 was prepared via sol-gel method, the phase stability of NdFeO3 in sulfur vapor or sulfur dioxide atmosphere was investigated. The single cell, consisting of NdFeO3-SDC/SDC/LSM-SDC structure, was fabricated by the screen-printing method and tested by the home-built equipment with sulfur vapor or sulfur dioxide as the fuel. As indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, NdFeO3 was stable in sulfur vapor or sulfur dioxide atmosphere at 800℃, the phase composition of the mixture of NdFeO3 and SDC (Sm doped CeO2) did not change after the mixture was calcined at 800℃ for 4 h. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph revealed that the average grain size of NdFeO3 powder was about 80 nm. With sulfur vapor or SO2 as the fuel, the maximum open circuit voltages (OCVs) of the single cell were 409 mV at 620℃ and 474 mV at 650℃, respectively; the maximum power densities of single cell were 0.154 mW/cm2 at 620℃ and 0.265 mW/cm2 at 650℃, respectively.
引文
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[13] Bao W T, Guan H M, Cheng J H. A new anode material for intermediate solid oxide fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 2008, 175(1): 232.
[14] Zhang L, Lu Z, Zhu J Z, Yang H, Han P D, Chen Y, Zhang T Q. Citrate sol-gel combustion preparation and photoluminescence properties of YAG:Ce phosphors. J. Rare Earths, 2012, 30(4): 289.
[15] Li H B, Xia C R, Zhu M H, Zhou Z X, Meng G Y. Reactive Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O1.9 powder synthesized by carbonate coprecipitation: sintering and electrical characteristics. Acta Mater., 2006, 54(3): 721.
[16] Li J, Cheng J G, Yang C, He H G, Zhu J C. Preparation of Ni/SDC anode materials for solid oxide fuel cell by nitrate-citric acid method. J. Synthetic Crystals, 2009, 28(5): 1093.
[17] Fu Q X, Tietz Frank, Sebold Doris, Tao S W, Irvine John T S. An efficient ceramic-based anode for solid oxide fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 2007, 171(2): 663.
[18] Szczeszak A, Lis S, Nagirnyi V. Spectroscopic properties of Eu 3+ doped YBO 3nanophosphors synthesized by modified coprecipitation method. J. Rare Earths, 2011, 29(12): 1142.
[19] Savaniu C D, Irvine J T S. La-doped SrTiO 3as anode material for IT-SOFC. Solid State Ionics, 2011, 192(1): 491.
[20] Aguilar Luis, Zha S W, Cheng Z, Winnick Jack, Liu M L. A solid oxide fuel cell operating on hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing fuels. J. Power Sources, 2004, 135(1-2): 17.
[21] Yin Y H, Li S Y, Zhu W, Xia C R, Meng G Y. Research on calcium doped ceria used in intermediate-temperature SOFCs anode. J. Rare Earths, 2005, 23(4): 433.
[2] Yin Y H, Li S Y, Xia C R, Meng G Y. Electrochemical performance of gel-cast NiO-SDC composite anode in low-temperature SOFCs. Electrochim. Acta, 2006, 51(13): 2594.
[3] Jensen S H, Larsen P H, Mogensen M. Hydrogen and synthetic fuel production from renewable energy sources. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32(15): 3253.
[4] Gavrielatos I, Drakopoulos V, Neophytides S G. Carbon tolerant Ni-Au SOFC electrodes operating under internal steam reforming conditions. J. Catal., 2008, 259(1): 75.
[5] Herring J S, O’Brien J E, Stoots C M, Hawkes F L, Hartvigsen J J, Shahnam M. Progress in high-temperature electrolysis for hydrogen production using planar SOFC technology. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32(4): 440.
[6] Yao Z A. Inquisition into feasibility of hydrogen supply from hydrogen cylinder for generators. Electric Power Construction (in Chin.), 2002, 23(10): 11.
[7] Su J, Zhang S C, Zhu G Y, Yuan Z, Zhang B, Fei A G, Yang D B. Geological reserves of sulfur in China’s sour gas fields and the strategy of sulfur markets. Petroleum Exploration and Development (in Chin.), 2010, 37(3): 369.
[8] Cowin P I, Petit C T G, Lan R, Irvine J T S, Tao S W. Recent progress in the development of anode materials for solid oxide fuel Cellsn. Adv. Eng. Mater., 2011, 1(3): 314.
[9] Zhu W C, Lu Y F, Yu H Y, Zheng C H, Yan Y, Sun Y G. Study of sulfur/oxygen-SOFC using La 1–x Ca xCrO 3as anode catalyst. Technique of Power Sources (in Chin.), 2011, 35(1): 47.
[10] Zhu W C, Sun Y G, Yu H Y, Zheng C H, Yan Y, Lu Y F. Ef- fect of La 0.8 M0.2 CrO 3(M=Ca, Mg, Sr) as anode catalyst on sulfur oxygen fuel cell. J. Anhui University of Technology (Natu- ral Science) (in Chin.), 2010, 27(3): 253.
[11] Sfeir J, Buffat P A, Mockli P, Xanthopoulos N, Vasquez R, Mathieu H J, Van Herle J, Thampi K R. Lanthanum chromite based catalysts for oxidation of methane directly on SOFC anodes. J. Catal., 2001, 202(2): 229.
[12] Marti P E, Baiker A. Influence of the A-site cation in AMnO 3+x and AFeO 3+x (A=La, Pr, Nd and Gd) perovskite-type oxides on the catalytic activity for methane combustion. Catal. Lett., 1994, 26(1-2): 71.
[13] Bao W T, Guan H M, Cheng J H. A new anode material for intermediate solid oxide fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 2008, 175(1): 232.
[14] Zhang L, Lu Z, Zhu J Z, Yang H, Han P D, Chen Y, Zhang T Q. Citrate sol-gel combustion preparation and photoluminescence properties of YAG:Ce phosphors. J. Rare Earths, 2012, 30(4): 289.
[15] Li H B, Xia C R, Zhu M H, Zhou Z X, Meng G Y. Reactive Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O1.9 powder synthesized by carbonate coprecipitation: sintering and electrical characteristics. Acta Mater., 2006, 54(3): 721.
[16] Li J, Cheng J G, Yang C, He H G, Zhu J C. Preparation of Ni/SDC anode materials for solid oxide fuel cell by nitrate-citric acid method. J. Synthetic Crystals, 2009, 28(5): 1093.
[17] Fu Q X, Tietz Frank, Sebold Doris, Tao S W, Irvine John T S. An efficient ceramic-based anode for solid oxide fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 2007, 171(2): 663.
[18] Szczeszak A, Lis S, Nagirnyi V. Spectroscopic properties of Eu 3+ doped YBO 3nanophosphors synthesized by modified coprecipitation method. J. Rare Earths, 2011, 29(12): 1142.
[19] Savaniu C D, Irvine J T S. La-doped SrTiO 3as anode material for IT-SOFC. Solid State Ionics, 2011, 192(1): 491.
[20] Aguilar Luis, Zha S W, Cheng Z, Winnick Jack, Liu M L. A solid oxide fuel cell operating on hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing fuels. J. Power Sources, 2004, 135(1-2): 17.
[21] Yin Y H, Li S Y, Zhu W, Xia C R, Meng G Y. Research on calcium doped ceria used in intermediate-temperature SOFCs anode. J. Rare Earths, 2005, 23(4): 433.