丁酸钠对高精料日粮模式下奶山羊乳腺内组胺介导的炎症反应的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲喂高精料日粮以及日粮中添加丁酸钠对奶山羊乳腺内组胺介导的炎症反应的影响。选用泌乳中期的18头萨能奶山羊,随机分成3组,每组各6头。对照组(LC)饲喂粗精比为6∶4的低精料日粮,即日粮包括60%粗料和40%精料;试验一组(HC)饲喂粗精比为4∶6的高精料日粮,即日粮包括40%粗料和60%精料;试验二组(BHC)饲喂粗精比为4∶6的高精料日粮,并在日粮中添加20 g丁酸钠。试验期为20周。试验开始前两周,所有试验动物手术安装瘤胃瘘管。试验第20周采集瘤胃液、外周血液和乳腺组织样品。结果显示:与LC组相比,HC组瘤胃液、外周血液、乳腺组织中的组胺含量显著升高,外周血液中的炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α显著升高,乳腺组织中的组胺受体基因表达显著升高,炎性因子在基因和蛋白表达水平上均显著升高。与HC组相比,BHC组瘤胃液、外周血液、乳腺组织中的组胺含量显著下降,外周血液中的炎性因子均显著降低,乳腺组织中的组胺受体基因表达显著降低,炎性因子的基因和蛋白表达显著下降。结果表明:泌乳奶山羊长期饲喂高精料日粮后,瘤胃产生的组胺经消化道吸收并转运到乳腺组织中,刺激炎症的产生;而通过添喂丁酸钠,组胺和炎性因子的产生显著降低,乳腺组织炎症反应减轻。
The current study aims to reveal the effect of high-concentrate diet feeding and dietary sodium butyrate supplementation on inflammatory response mediated by histamine in the mammary gland of lactating goats. Eighteen lactating goats were divided randomly into three groups. The LC group was fed a low concentrate diet comprising 40% concentrate and 60% forage,while the HC group was fed a high concentrate diet with 40% forage and 60% concentrate,and BHC group was fed with a diet composed of 40% forage and 60% concentrate with sodium butyrate buffer in it. The experiment lasted for 20 weeks. All the goats were fitted with a rumen fistula before 2 weeks of experiment.The ruminal liquid,milk,jugular vein blood and mammary gland tissues were collected at the end of experiment. The results showed that the histamine content in rumen fluid,blood and mammary gland in HC group was significantly increased; the inflammatory factors including IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly enhanced. The m RNA expression of histamine receptors in mammary gland was significantly increased. Protein expression of inflammatory cytokines had the same tendency as the m RNA expression did. Compared with HC group,histamine content in rumen fluid,blood and mammary gland,the m RNA and protein levels of inflammatory factors including IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α,and the m RNA expression of histamine receptors in mammary gland were significantly decreased in BHC group. The results showed that histamine produced by rumen was accumulated in the mammary glands after a long period of high-concentrate diet feeding in lactating goats,which stimulated the production of inflammatory cytokines and triggered the inflammatory response. The supplementation of sodium butyrate decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines,and thus alleviated the inflammatory response.
The current study aims to reveal the effect of high-concentrate diet feeding and dietary sodium butyrate supplementation on inflammatory response mediated by histamine in the mammary gland of lactating goats. Eighteen lactating goats were divided randomly into three groups. The LC group was fed a low concentrate diet comprising 40% concentrate and 60% forage,while the HC group was fed a high concentrate diet with 40% forage and 60% concentrate,and BHC group was fed with a diet composed of 40% forage and 60% concentrate with sodium butyrate buffer in it. The experiment lasted for 20 weeks. All the goats were fitted with a rumen fistula before 2 weeks of experiment.The ruminal liquid,milk,jugular vein blood and mammary gland tissues were collected at the end of experiment. The results showed that the histamine content in rumen fluid,blood and mammary gland in HC group was significantly increased; the inflammatory factors including IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly enhanced. The m RNA expression of histamine receptors in mammary gland was significantly increased. Protein expression of inflammatory cytokines had the same tendency as the m RNA expression did. Compared with HC group,histamine content in rumen fluid,blood and mammary gland,the m RNA and protein levels of inflammatory factors including IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α,and the m RNA expression of histamine receptors in mammary gland were significantly decreased in BHC group. The results showed that histamine produced by rumen was accumulated in the mammary glands after a long period of high-concentrate diet feeding in lactating goats,which stimulated the production of inflammatory cytokines and triggered the inflammatory response. The supplementation of sodium butyrate decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines,and thus alleviated the inflammatory response.
引文
[1]Tao S,Duanmu Y,Dong H,et al.A high-concentrate diet induced colonic epithelial barrier disruption is associated with the activating of cell apoptosis in lactating goats[J].BMC Vet Res,2014,10(1):235.
[2]Liu JH,Xu TT,Zhu WY,et al.A high-grain diet alters the omasal epithelial structure and expression of tight junction proteins in a goat model[J].Vet J,2014,201(1):95-100.
[3]Garrett EF,Pereira MN,Nordlund KV,et al.Diagnostic methods for the detection of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1999,82(6):1170-1178.
[4]Emmanuel DGV,Madsen KL,Churchill TA,et al.Acidosis and lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli B:055 cause hyperpermeability of rumen and colon tissues[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90(12):5552-5557.
[5]Castillo M,Martīǐn-Orùe SM,Roca M,et al.The Response of Gastrointestinal Microbiota to Avilamycin,Butyrate,and Plant Extracts in early-weaned Pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2006,84:2725-2734.
[6]Galfi D,Bokori J.Feeding Trial in Pigswith a Diet Containing Sodiumn butyrae[J].Acta Vet Hung,1990,38(2):3-17.
[7]LT.S,M.A,NB.S,et al.Butyrate enhances disease resistance of chickens by inducing antimicrobial host defense peptide gene expression[J].PLo S One,2011,6:e27225.
[8]Hamer HM,Jonkers D,Venema K,et al.Review article:the role of butyrate on colonic function[J].Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2008,27(2):104-119.
[9]Hungate RE.Ruminal fermentation[J].Handbook of Physiology,1968,5(6):2725-2745.
[10]胡红莲.奶山羊亚急性瘤胃酸中毒营养生理机制的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.
[11]么学博,谢春元,岳群,等.反刍家畜常用饲料蛋白质和氨基酸瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率评定研究[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(3):225-231.
[12]姜旭明,齐智利,齐德生,等.不同蛋白质来源的日粮对瘤胃发酵特性及蛋白质消化的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(1):74-80.
[13]Tao S,Duanmu Y,Dong H,et al.High concentrate diet induced mucosal injuries by enhancing epithelial apoptosis and inflammatory response in the hindgut of goats[J].PLo S One,2014,9(10):e111596.
[14]Cohen J.The immunopathogenesis of sepsis[J].Nature,2002,420(6917):885-891.
[15]Fredriksson R,MC Lagerstrom,LG Lundin and HB Schioth:The G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome form five main families.Phylogenetic analysis,paralogon groups,and fingerprints[J].Mol Pharmacol,2003,63(6):1256-1272.
[16]Huang C,Song P,Fan P,et al.Dietary Sodium Butyrate Decreases Postweaning Diarrhea by Modulating Intestinal Permeability and Changing the Bacterial Communities in Weaned Piglets[J].J Nutr,2015,145(12):2774-2780.
[2]Liu JH,Xu TT,Zhu WY,et al.A high-grain diet alters the omasal epithelial structure and expression of tight junction proteins in a goat model[J].Vet J,2014,201(1):95-100.
[3]Garrett EF,Pereira MN,Nordlund KV,et al.Diagnostic methods for the detection of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1999,82(6):1170-1178.
[4]Emmanuel DGV,Madsen KL,Churchill TA,et al.Acidosis and lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli B:055 cause hyperpermeability of rumen and colon tissues[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90(12):5552-5557.
[5]Castillo M,Martīǐn-Orùe SM,Roca M,et al.The Response of Gastrointestinal Microbiota to Avilamycin,Butyrate,and Plant Extracts in early-weaned Pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2006,84:2725-2734.
[6]Galfi D,Bokori J.Feeding Trial in Pigswith a Diet Containing Sodiumn butyrae[J].Acta Vet Hung,1990,38(2):3-17.
[7]LT.S,M.A,NB.S,et al.Butyrate enhances disease resistance of chickens by inducing antimicrobial host defense peptide gene expression[J].PLo S One,2011,6:e27225.
[8]Hamer HM,Jonkers D,Venema K,et al.Review article:the role of butyrate on colonic function[J].Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2008,27(2):104-119.
[9]Hungate RE.Ruminal fermentation[J].Handbook of Physiology,1968,5(6):2725-2745.
[10]胡红莲.奶山羊亚急性瘤胃酸中毒营养生理机制的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.
[11]么学博,谢春元,岳群,等.反刍家畜常用饲料蛋白质和氨基酸瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率评定研究[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(3):225-231.
[12]姜旭明,齐智利,齐德生,等.不同蛋白质来源的日粮对瘤胃发酵特性及蛋白质消化的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(1):74-80.
[13]Tao S,Duanmu Y,Dong H,et al.High concentrate diet induced mucosal injuries by enhancing epithelial apoptosis and inflammatory response in the hindgut of goats[J].PLo S One,2014,9(10):e111596.
[14]Cohen J.The immunopathogenesis of sepsis[J].Nature,2002,420(6917):885-891.
[15]Fredriksson R,MC Lagerstrom,LG Lundin and HB Schioth:The G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome form five main families.Phylogenetic analysis,paralogon groups,and fingerprints[J].Mol Pharmacol,2003,63(6):1256-1272.
[16]Huang C,Song P,Fan P,et al.Dietary Sodium Butyrate Decreases Postweaning Diarrhea by Modulating Intestinal Permeability and Changing the Bacterial Communities in Weaned Piglets[J].J Nutr,2015,145(12):2774-2780.