苎麻替代不同比例苜蓿对波尔山羊生长性能、血清生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究苎麻替代不同比例苜蓿对波尔山羊生长性能、血清生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响。选择体重[(17.51±1.79) kg]相近的3月龄左右波尔山羊羔羊75只,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复3只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,4个试验组分别饲喂以苎麻等量替代基础饲粮中25%(试验Ⅰ组)、50%(试验Ⅱ组)、75%(试验Ⅲ组)和100%(试验Ⅳ组)苜蓿的试验饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期75 d。于正试期第60天开始对试验羔羊进行为期4 d的消化代谢试验,收集羔羊粪便,在试验结束当天采集血液样品。结果显示:1)苎麻的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和粗灰分的含量均高于苜蓿。2)试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组山羊的平均日增重与对照组相比分别下降了1.93%、6.16%和20.74%,差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅳ组山羊的平均日增重与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比分别降低了27.38%和25.96%,差异显著(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,苎麻替代不同比例苜蓿后山羊血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白球比、肌酐和游离甲状腺素含量均没有产生显著变化(P>0.05);各个试验组山羊血清中游离三碘甲状原氨酸含量较对照组有不同程度的下降,其中试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组与对照组的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);在试验Ⅳ组山羊血清中检出了尿酸,对照组和其他试验组山羊血清中均未检出尿酸。4)各个试验组山羊的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和总磷表观消化率与对照组相比均没有显著差异(P>0.05),但试验Ⅳ组钙的表观消化率与对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组相比分别降低了11.69%(P<0.05)、11.57%(P<0.05)、11.71%(P<0.05)和7.79%(P>0.05)。综上,苎麻营养价值较高,可以作为优质饲草部分代替苜蓿在波尔山羊饲粮中高效利用。
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ramie substituting different ratios of alfalfa on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility of Boer goats.Seventy-five healthy Boer goat kids aged about 3 months and with a similar initial body weight of(17.51±1.79) kg were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates and each replicate had 3 kids.Kids in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in 4 experimental groups were fed experimental diets in which 25%(trial groupⅠ),50%(trial group Ⅱ),75%(trial group Ⅲ) and 100%(trial group Ⅳ) of alfalfa in the basal diet were replaced with ramie,respectively.The pretrial lasted for 15 d,and the trial lasted for 75 d.The results showed as follows:1) the contents of crude protein,ether extract,calcium,neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF) and crude ash in ramie were higher than those in alfalfa(P < 0.05).2) Compared with control group,the average daily gain(ADG) of trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was decreased by 1.93%,6.16%and 20.74%,respectively,and the differences were not significant(P>0.05).The ADG of trial group Ⅳ was decreased by 27.38% and 25.96% compared with control group and trial group Ⅰ,respectively,and the differences were significant(P < 0.05).3) Serum total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLB),ALB/GLB,creatinine(Gr) and free thyroxine(FT4) contents were not significantly different among all groups(P>0.05).But serum free triiodothyroxine(FT3) content in trial group was reduced at different degrees,and the differences were significant between trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ and control group(P < 0.05).Serum uric acid(UA) was detected in trail group Ⅳ,but it was not detected in other groups.4) The apparent digestibility of day matter,crude protein,ether extract,total phosphorus,NDF and ADF was not significantly different among all groups(P>0.05).But the apparent digestibility of calcium in trail group Ⅳ was lowered11.69%(P<0.05),11.57%(P < 0.05),11.71%(P < 0.05) and 7.79%(P > 0.05) compared with control group,trail groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.Conversely,ramie nutrition value is higher,it can partial replace alfalfa efficient used in Boer goat diets as a high quality forage grass.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ramie substituting different ratios of alfalfa on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility of Boer goats.Seventy-five healthy Boer goat kids aged about 3 months and with a similar initial body weight of(17.51±1.79) kg were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates and each replicate had 3 kids.Kids in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in 4 experimental groups were fed experimental diets in which 25%(trial groupⅠ),50%(trial group Ⅱ),75%(trial group Ⅲ) and 100%(trial group Ⅳ) of alfalfa in the basal diet were replaced with ramie,respectively.The pretrial lasted for 15 d,and the trial lasted for 75 d.The results showed as follows:1) the contents of crude protein,ether extract,calcium,neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF) and crude ash in ramie were higher than those in alfalfa(P < 0.05).2) Compared with control group,the average daily gain(ADG) of trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was decreased by 1.93%,6.16%and 20.74%,respectively,and the differences were not significant(P>0.05).The ADG of trial group Ⅳ was decreased by 27.38% and 25.96% compared with control group and trial group Ⅰ,respectively,and the differences were significant(P < 0.05).3) Serum total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLB),ALB/GLB,creatinine(Gr) and free thyroxine(FT4) contents were not significantly different among all groups(P>0.05).But serum free triiodothyroxine(FT3) content in trial group was reduced at different degrees,and the differences were significant between trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ and control group(P < 0.05).Serum uric acid(UA) was detected in trail group Ⅳ,but it was not detected in other groups.4) The apparent digestibility of day matter,crude protein,ether extract,total phosphorus,NDF and ADF was not significantly different among all groups(P>0.05).But the apparent digestibility of calcium in trail group Ⅳ was lowered11.69%(P<0.05),11.57%(P < 0.05),11.71%(P < 0.05) and 7.79%(P > 0.05) compared with control group,trail groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.Conversely,ramie nutrition value is higher,it can partial replace alfalfa efficient used in Boer goat diets as a high quality forage grass.
引文
[1]魏金涛,杨雪海,严念东,等.“中饲苎1号”苎麻嫩茎叶常规营养成分分析[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(24):6517-6519.
[2]魏金涛,杨雪海,严念东,等.苎麻营养成分分析及瘤胃降解特性研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):197-204.
[3] RIDLA M. Digestibility comparison of ramie(Boehmeria nivea)leaves hay and silage in jaw arandu goat ration[C]//The 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress.Thailand,2012:1666-1670.
[4]唐丽,郭志强,邝良德,等.苎麻粉对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能和兔肉化学成分的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(02):69-72.
[5] TUYEN V D,DUY B P,HUY V H. Evaluation of ramie(Boehmeria nivea)foliage as a feed for the ruminant[C]//Proceedings of Regional Conference:M atching Livestock Systems w ith Available Resources.Vietnam,2007:641-646.
[6] DE TOLEDO G S P,DA SILVA L P,DE QUADROS A R B,et al. Productive performance of rabbits fed w ith diets containing ramie(Boehmeria Nivea)hay in substitution to alfalfa(Medicago sativa)hay[C]//World Rabbit Congress.Verona,Italy,2008:827-830.
[7] CONTO G,CARFI F,PACE V.Chemical composition and nutritive value of ramie plant[Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaud] and its by-products from the textile industry as feed for ruminants[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2011,13(5):641-646.
[8]郭志强,宋代军,玉勇雄,等.南方苜蓿新品种“渝苜一号”饲喂肉兔的营养价值评定[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):122-127.
[9]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:46-75.
[10] VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.M ethods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[11]许红.苜蓿干草对杜×寒羊F1的生产性能及胃肠道消化代谢指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学,2013.
[12]郭孝,介晓磊,哈斯通拉格,等.日粮中添加高微量元素苜蓿青干草对杜泊羊生产性能的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(1):100-104.
[13]靳晓霞,陈龙,周鑫,等.饲喂苜蓿干草对越冬母羊体质量增加及日粮消化率的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(1):131-135.
[14] LOPEZ O,MONTEJO I L,LAMELA L.Evaluation of the nutritional potential of four forage plants for feeding rabbit does(technical note)[J].Pastosy Forrajes,2012,35(3):293-300.
[15] DE ALMEIDA DUARTE A,SGARBIERI V C,R BENATTI Jr.Composition and nutritive value of ramie leaf flour for monogastric animals[J]. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,1997,32(12):1295-1302.
[16]熊和平,喻春明,王延周,等.饲料用苎麻新品种中饲苎1号的选育研究[J].中国麻业,2005,27(1):1-4.
[17]朱涛涛,喻春明,王延周,等.“中苎1号”和“中苎2号”苎麻营养价值的初步评价[J].中国麻业科学,2014,36(3):113-121.
[18] MAKNEV K,SLAVCHEV G,DONEV N,et al.Comparison of ramie and lucerne in calf rearing[J].Nauchni Trudove Vissh Selskostopanski Institut Vasil Kolarov,1970,19(5):57-64.
[19] HUTABARAT I M L,MUTIA R,PERMANA I G.The evaluation of nutrient quality of ramie leaves silage and hay in complete mixed ration for Etaw ahCrossbreed goat using in vitro technique[EB/OL].[2018-03-21]. http://repository. ipb. ac. id/handle/123456789/53586.
[20] DOS SANTOS L E,DUPAS W,LEMOS NETO M J,et al.The use of decorticated ramie(Boehmeria nivea Gaud.)residue in goat feeding[J]. Boletim de Indústria Animal,1990,47(1):73-80.
[21]侯振平,蒋桂韬,吴端钦,等.葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能及养分消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3482-3488.
[22]沈向真,王小龙,陈万芳,等.饲喂不同日粮的山羊尿沉渣晶体的化学组成和显微形态[J].畜牧兽医学报,1997,28(1):57-65.
[23] MIKULSKI D,JANKOWSKI J,ZDUNCZYK Z,et al. The effect of different dietary levels of rapeseed meal on grow th performance,carcass traits,and meat quality in turkeys[J]. Poultry Science,2012,91(1):215-223.
[24] SQUIBB R L,RIVERA C,JARQUIN R. Comparison of chromogen method w ith standard digestion trial for determination of the digestable nutrient content of kikuyu grass and ramie forages w ith sheep[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1958,17(2):318-321.
[2]魏金涛,杨雪海,严念东,等.苎麻营养成分分析及瘤胃降解特性研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):197-204.
[3] RIDLA M. Digestibility comparison of ramie(Boehmeria nivea)leaves hay and silage in jaw arandu goat ration[C]//The 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress.Thailand,2012:1666-1670.
[4]唐丽,郭志强,邝良德,等.苎麻粉对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能和兔肉化学成分的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(02):69-72.
[5] TUYEN V D,DUY B P,HUY V H. Evaluation of ramie(Boehmeria nivea)foliage as a feed for the ruminant[C]//Proceedings of Regional Conference:M atching Livestock Systems w ith Available Resources.Vietnam,2007:641-646.
[6] DE TOLEDO G S P,DA SILVA L P,DE QUADROS A R B,et al. Productive performance of rabbits fed w ith diets containing ramie(Boehmeria Nivea)hay in substitution to alfalfa(Medicago sativa)hay[C]//World Rabbit Congress.Verona,Italy,2008:827-830.
[7] CONTO G,CARFI F,PACE V.Chemical composition and nutritive value of ramie plant[Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaud] and its by-products from the textile industry as feed for ruminants[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2011,13(5):641-646.
[8]郭志强,宋代军,玉勇雄,等.南方苜蓿新品种“渝苜一号”饲喂肉兔的营养价值评定[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):122-127.
[9]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:46-75.
[10] VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.M ethods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[11]许红.苜蓿干草对杜×寒羊F1的生产性能及胃肠道消化代谢指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学,2013.
[12]郭孝,介晓磊,哈斯通拉格,等.日粮中添加高微量元素苜蓿青干草对杜泊羊生产性能的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(1):100-104.
[13]靳晓霞,陈龙,周鑫,等.饲喂苜蓿干草对越冬母羊体质量增加及日粮消化率的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(1):131-135.
[14] LOPEZ O,MONTEJO I L,LAMELA L.Evaluation of the nutritional potential of four forage plants for feeding rabbit does(technical note)[J].Pastosy Forrajes,2012,35(3):293-300.
[15] DE ALMEIDA DUARTE A,SGARBIERI V C,R BENATTI Jr.Composition and nutritive value of ramie leaf flour for monogastric animals[J]. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,1997,32(12):1295-1302.
[16]熊和平,喻春明,王延周,等.饲料用苎麻新品种中饲苎1号的选育研究[J].中国麻业,2005,27(1):1-4.
[17]朱涛涛,喻春明,王延周,等.“中苎1号”和“中苎2号”苎麻营养价值的初步评价[J].中国麻业科学,2014,36(3):113-121.
[18] MAKNEV K,SLAVCHEV G,DONEV N,et al.Comparison of ramie and lucerne in calf rearing[J].Nauchni Trudove Vissh Selskostopanski Institut Vasil Kolarov,1970,19(5):57-64.
[19] HUTABARAT I M L,MUTIA R,PERMANA I G.The evaluation of nutrient quality of ramie leaves silage and hay in complete mixed ration for Etaw ahCrossbreed goat using in vitro technique[EB/OL].[2018-03-21]. http://repository. ipb. ac. id/handle/123456789/53586.
[20] DOS SANTOS L E,DUPAS W,LEMOS NETO M J,et al.The use of decorticated ramie(Boehmeria nivea Gaud.)residue in goat feeding[J]. Boletim de Indústria Animal,1990,47(1):73-80.
[21]侯振平,蒋桂韬,吴端钦,等.葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能及养分消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3482-3488.
[22]沈向真,王小龙,陈万芳,等.饲喂不同日粮的山羊尿沉渣晶体的化学组成和显微形态[J].畜牧兽医学报,1997,28(1):57-65.
[23] MIKULSKI D,JANKOWSKI J,ZDUNCZYK Z,et al. The effect of different dietary levels of rapeseed meal on grow th performance,carcass traits,and meat quality in turkeys[J]. Poultry Science,2012,91(1):215-223.
[24] SQUIBB R L,RIVERA C,JARQUIN R. Comparison of chromogen method w ith standard digestion trial for determination of the digestable nutrient content of kikuyu grass and ramie forages w ith sheep[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1958,17(2):318-321.