中国煤层气开发存在的问题及破解思路
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摘要
单井产量低是长期制约中国煤层气产业发展的难题,为了寻求破解良策,以中国石油华北油田公司沁水盆地煤层气开发实践为例,系统分析了该盆地煤层气开发所面临的问题和挑战,在此基础上提出了该盆地煤层气开发的技术策略。研究结果表明:(1)应针对该盆地煤层气解吸—扩散—渗流的产出特征,优选有效的工程技术手段以确保增产效果;(2)在煤层气开发低效区进行的先导性开发技术试验,已经取得了一定的产量提升,但要实现低效区块煤层气产能的整体提升还有很长的路要走;(3)目前正在实施的煤层气高效开发示范区目的层深度介于900~1200 m,一旦成功将对中国中深层近80%的煤层气资源的高效开发产生巨大的推动作用,因而极具挑战性;(4)提出了勘探评价向控制高效优质储量精准选区转变、产能建设由整体推进向寻找高效区开发转变、工程技术由改造向疏导转变的技术策略。结论认为:(1)煤层气开发的必由之路应遵循强化问题意识,持续创新思维,科学制定战略思路,做好开发建设顶层设计,实现高效建产开发;(2)具体工作中,需要重点解决好高效产能区块的选择、工程技术手段的优选、运行成本的降低等3个关键问题。
Low single-well yield has troubled the coalbed methane(CBM) industry in China for a long period. In this paper, the challenges in CBM development in the Qinshui Basin of Petro China Huabei Oilfield Company were analyzed systematically, and then relevant solutions were proposed. According to this study, it is necessary to select the effective engineering technique based on the CBM production characteristics(i.e., desorption–diffusion–percolation) in the Qinshui Basin to ensure the increase of production. The pilot test of development technology in the CBM low-efficiency development areas has revealed a certain contribution to production enhancement, but it is still a long way to improve the overall CBM productivity of such areas. Currently, the target layer in the demonstration area for CBM high-efficiency development is 900–1200 m deep. This project will be of great significance for efficiently recovering nearly 80% of CBM resources in medium and deep coal beds in China. Some technical strategies are proposed. For example, the purpose of exploration appraisal will turn to accurate selection of high-efficiency high-quality reserves; the overall productivity construction will change to the preferential development of high-efficiency zones; the engineering technology for transforming formations will convert to one for dredging formations. It is finally concluded that the only way for CBM development is to strengthen the problem consciousness, keep innovative thinking, set up the strategic thinking scientifically, and make proper top-level design for development, making high-efficiency productivity construction and development realized. Moreover, three key aspects should be addressed, i.e. selection of efficient blocks for productivity construction, selection of optimal engineering technologies, and reduction of operation cost.
Low single-well yield has troubled the coalbed methane(CBM) industry in China for a long period. In this paper, the challenges in CBM development in the Qinshui Basin of Petro China Huabei Oilfield Company were analyzed systematically, and then relevant solutions were proposed. According to this study, it is necessary to select the effective engineering technique based on the CBM production characteristics(i.e., desorption–diffusion–percolation) in the Qinshui Basin to ensure the increase of production. The pilot test of development technology in the CBM low-efficiency development areas has revealed a certain contribution to production enhancement, but it is still a long way to improve the overall CBM productivity of such areas. Currently, the target layer in the demonstration area for CBM high-efficiency development is 900–1200 m deep. This project will be of great significance for efficiently recovering nearly 80% of CBM resources in medium and deep coal beds in China. Some technical strategies are proposed. For example, the purpose of exploration appraisal will turn to accurate selection of high-efficiency high-quality reserves; the overall productivity construction will change to the preferential development of high-efficiency zones; the engineering technology for transforming formations will convert to one for dredging formations. It is finally concluded that the only way for CBM development is to strengthen the problem consciousness, keep innovative thinking, set up the strategic thinking scientifically, and make proper top-level design for development, making high-efficiency productivity construction and development realized. Moreover, three key aspects should be addressed, i.e. selection of efficient blocks for productivity construction, selection of optimal engineering technologies, and reduction of operation cost.
引文
[1]朱庆忠,左银卿,杨延辉.如何破解我国煤层气开发的技术难题——以沁水盆地南部煤层气藏为例[J].天然气工业,2015,35(2):106-109.Zhu Qingzhong Zuo Yinqing&Yang Yanhui.How to solve the technical problems of coalbed methane development:Taking coalbed methane field in the south of Qinshui Basin as an example[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(2):106-109.
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[3]付利,申瑞臣,屈平,夏健,杨恒林,韩敬.基于层次分析法的煤层气钻完井方式优选[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(4):10-14.Fu Li,Shen Ruichen,Qu Ping,Xia Jian,Yang Henglin&Han Jing.Selection of CBM drilling&completion methods by hierarchical analysis[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(4):10-14.
[4]龙志平,沈建中.煤层气“井工厂”钻井模式设计与应用[J].石油机械,2016,44(6):19-23.Long Zhiping&Shen Jianzhong.CBM"well factory"drilling pattern design and application[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(6):19-23.
[5]杨勇,崔树清,倪元勇,王风锐,杨益涵,郎淑敏.煤层气仿树形水平井的探索与实践[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):92-96.Yang Yong,Cui Shuqing,Ni Yuanyong,Wang Fengrui,Yang Yihan&Lang Shumin.A new attempt of a CBM tree like horizontal well:A pilot case of Well ZS 1P-5H in the Qinshui Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):92-96.
[6]杨勇,崔树清,王风锐,张彬,倪元勇,沈家训,等.煤层气多分支水平井双管双循环井眼清洁技术[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):112-118.Yang Yong,Cui Shuqing,Wang Fengrui,Zhang Bin,Ni Yuanyong,Shen Jiaxun,et al.Double casing&binary circulation hole cleaning technology for CBM multi-branch horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):112-118.
[7]邵兵,闫怡飞,张帅,闫相祯.双循环钻井携岩系统CFDDEM仿真及工具优化[J].石油机械,2017,45(8):1-6.Shao Bing,Yan Yifei,Zhang Shuai&Yan Xiangzhen.CFDDEM coupling simulation and tool optimization of cuttings carrying system for double-circulation drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(8):1-6.
[8]郑力会,陈必武,张峥,汤继丹,孙昊.煤层气绒囊钻井流体的防塌机理[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):72-77.Zheng Lihui,Chen Biwu,Zhang Zheng,Tang Jidan&Sun Hao.Anti-collapse mechanism of the CBM fuzzy-ball drilling fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):72-77.
[9]张烈辉,单保超,赵玉龙.煤层气藏缝网压裂直井生产动态规律[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):38-45.Zhang Liehui,Shan Baochao&Zhao Yulong.Production performance laws of vertical wells by volume fracturing in CBM gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(2):38-45.
[10]杨勇,崔树清,倪元勇,张国生,李立昌,孟振期.煤层气排采中的“灰堵”问题应对技术——以沁水盆地多分支水平井为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):89-93.Yang Yong,Cui Shuqing,Ni Yuanyong,Zhang Guosheng,Li Lichang&Meng Zhenqi.Key technology for treating slack coal blockage in CBM recovery:A case study from multi-lateral horizontal wells in the Qinshui Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):89-93.
[11]朱庆忠,杨延辉,王玉婷,邵国良.高阶煤层气高效开发工程技术优选模式及其应用[J].天然气工业,2017,37(10):27-34.Zhu Qingzhong,Yang Yanhui,Wang Yuting&Shao Guoliang.Optimal geological–engineering models for highly efficient CBM gas development and their application[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(10):27-34.
[12]罗平亚.关于大幅度提高我国煤层气井单井产量的探讨[J].天然气工业,2013,33(6):1-6.Luo Pingya.A discussion on how to significantly improve the single-well productivity of CBM gas wells in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(6):1-6.
[13]赵丽娟.超声波作用下的煤层气吸附—解吸规律实验[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):21-25.Zhao Lijuan.Experiment on CBM adsorption-desorption rules under the effect of ultrasonic pressure waves[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):21-25.
[14]朱苏阳,杜志敏,李传亮,彭小龙,王超文.煤层气吸附解吸规律研究进展[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(4):104-112.Zhu Suyang,Du Zhimin,Li Chuanliang,Peng Xiaolong&Wang Chaowen.The adsorption and desorption of coal bed methane:A review[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,39(4):104-112.
[15]蔺亚兵,贾雪梅,马东民.煤层气解吸滞后效应及其评判方法研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(增刊1):160-163.Lin Yabing,Jia Xuemei&Ma Dongmin.Research on CBM desorption hysteresis effects and its evaluation methods[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(S1):160-163.
[16]张军涛,郭庆,汶锋刚.深层煤层气压裂技术的研究与应用[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):78-80.Zhang Juntao,Guo Qing&Wen Fenggang.Research and application of deep coal bed methane fracturing technology[J].Journal of Yanan University(Natural Science Edition),2015,34(1):78-80.
[17]叶建平,杨兆中,夏日桂,张健,李小刚.深煤层水力波及压裂技术及其在沁南地区的应用[J].天然气工业,2017,37(10):35-45.Ye Jianping,Yang Zhaozhong,Xia Rigui,Zhang Jian&Li Xiaogang.Synchronous hydraulic conformance fracturing technology used for deep coal beds and its field application in the southern Qinshui Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(10):35-45.
[2]崔思华,王勃,苗书雷,赵洋,熊波,王赟,等.吐哈盆地沙尔湖地区煤层气钻完井适用技术探讨[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,31(3):299-304.Cui Sihua,Wang Bo,Miao Shulei,Zhao Yang,Xiong Bo,Wang Yun,et al.Research on appropriate exploration technology of coalbed gas of Shaerhu District,Tuha Basin[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2012,31(3):299-304.
[3]付利,申瑞臣,屈平,夏健,杨恒林,韩敬.基于层次分析法的煤层气钻完井方式优选[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(4):10-14.Fu Li,Shen Ruichen,Qu Ping,Xia Jian,Yang Henglin&Han Jing.Selection of CBM drilling&completion methods by hierarchical analysis[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(4):10-14.
[4]龙志平,沈建中.煤层气“井工厂”钻井模式设计与应用[J].石油机械,2016,44(6):19-23.Long Zhiping&Shen Jianzhong.CBM"well factory"drilling pattern design and application[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(6):19-23.
[5]杨勇,崔树清,倪元勇,王风锐,杨益涵,郎淑敏.煤层气仿树形水平井的探索与实践[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):92-96.Yang Yong,Cui Shuqing,Ni Yuanyong,Wang Fengrui,Yang Yihan&Lang Shumin.A new attempt of a CBM tree like horizontal well:A pilot case of Well ZS 1P-5H in the Qinshui Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):92-96.
[6]杨勇,崔树清,王风锐,张彬,倪元勇,沈家训,等.煤层气多分支水平井双管双循环井眼清洁技术[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):112-118.Yang Yong,Cui Shuqing,Wang Fengrui,Zhang Bin,Ni Yuanyong,Shen Jiaxun,et al.Double casing&binary circulation hole cleaning technology for CBM multi-branch horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):112-118.
[7]邵兵,闫怡飞,张帅,闫相祯.双循环钻井携岩系统CFDDEM仿真及工具优化[J].石油机械,2017,45(8):1-6.Shao Bing,Yan Yifei,Zhang Shuai&Yan Xiangzhen.CFDDEM coupling simulation and tool optimization of cuttings carrying system for double-circulation drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(8):1-6.
[8]郑力会,陈必武,张峥,汤继丹,孙昊.煤层气绒囊钻井流体的防塌机理[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):72-77.Zheng Lihui,Chen Biwu,Zhang Zheng,Tang Jidan&Sun Hao.Anti-collapse mechanism of the CBM fuzzy-ball drilling fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):72-77.
[9]张烈辉,单保超,赵玉龙.煤层气藏缝网压裂直井生产动态规律[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):38-45.Zhang Liehui,Shan Baochao&Zhao Yulong.Production performance laws of vertical wells by volume fracturing in CBM gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(2):38-45.
[10]杨勇,崔树清,倪元勇,张国生,李立昌,孟振期.煤层气排采中的“灰堵”问题应对技术——以沁水盆地多分支水平井为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):89-93.Yang Yong,Cui Shuqing,Ni Yuanyong,Zhang Guosheng,Li Lichang&Meng Zhenqi.Key technology for treating slack coal blockage in CBM recovery:A case study from multi-lateral horizontal wells in the Qinshui Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):89-93.
[11]朱庆忠,杨延辉,王玉婷,邵国良.高阶煤层气高效开发工程技术优选模式及其应用[J].天然气工业,2017,37(10):27-34.Zhu Qingzhong,Yang Yanhui,Wang Yuting&Shao Guoliang.Optimal geological–engineering models for highly efficient CBM gas development and their application[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(10):27-34.
[12]罗平亚.关于大幅度提高我国煤层气井单井产量的探讨[J].天然气工业,2013,33(6):1-6.Luo Pingya.A discussion on how to significantly improve the single-well productivity of CBM gas wells in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(6):1-6.
[13]赵丽娟.超声波作用下的煤层气吸附—解吸规律实验[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):21-25.Zhao Lijuan.Experiment on CBM adsorption-desorption rules under the effect of ultrasonic pressure waves[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):21-25.
[14]朱苏阳,杜志敏,李传亮,彭小龙,王超文.煤层气吸附解吸规律研究进展[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(4):104-112.Zhu Suyang,Du Zhimin,Li Chuanliang,Peng Xiaolong&Wang Chaowen.The adsorption and desorption of coal bed methane:A review[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,39(4):104-112.
[15]蔺亚兵,贾雪梅,马东民.煤层气解吸滞后效应及其评判方法研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(增刊1):160-163.Lin Yabing,Jia Xuemei&Ma Dongmin.Research on CBM desorption hysteresis effects and its evaluation methods[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(S1):160-163.
[16]张军涛,郭庆,汶锋刚.深层煤层气压裂技术的研究与应用[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):78-80.Zhang Juntao,Guo Qing&Wen Fenggang.Research and application of deep coal bed methane fracturing technology[J].Journal of Yanan University(Natural Science Edition),2015,34(1):78-80.
[17]叶建平,杨兆中,夏日桂,张健,李小刚.深煤层水力波及压裂技术及其在沁南地区的应用[J].天然气工业,2017,37(10):35-45.Ye Jianping,Yang Zhaozhong,Xia Rigui,Zhang Jian&Li Xiaogang.Synchronous hydraulic conformance fracturing technology used for deep coal beds and its field application in the southern Qinshui Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(10):35-45.