氮磷钾对苦荞主要农艺性状、产量及干物质积累与分配的影响
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摘要
为探索黄土高原荞麦生长发育中氮磷钾需肥规律,指导荞麦生产,本研究以苦荞西农9940为材料,设18个处理,研究了不同量氮磷钾处理下苦荞增产率、干物质积累量、总转运效率、合成效率等干物质积累与分配指标的变化规律。结果表明,不同量氮、磷、钾处理对苦荞主茎节数、主茎花簇数等农艺性状均表现出先增加后减少的趋势,其主茎节数在N1(N 45 kg/hm~2)、P3(P_2O_5 75 kg/hm~2)、K_2(K_2O 36 kg/hm~2)处理下达到最大,分别比对照增加了9.58%、29.38%、12.50%;随着生育期的推进,苦荞叶绿素含量均呈现逐渐下降的趋势,而不同肥料处理下,其在不同生育期呈现不同的规律;磷钾素处理条件下,苦荞单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重呈先增后降趋势;氮磷钾素的施用促进了苦荞干物质积累及转运,不同的肥料处理下苦荞在各个生育期干物质积累及转运变化存在显著差异;随着氮磷钾素的增加,苦荞产量均呈现先增后降的变化趋势,在N4(N 180 kg/hm~2)、P4(P_2O_5 105 kg/hm~2)、K3(K_2O 54 kg/hm~2)条件下苦荞籽粒产量达到最大,分别为708.45、688.35和566.70 kg/hm~2,较对照分别增产123.73%、97.63%和60.36%。因此,黄土高原地区苦荞适宜的氮磷钾施肥量为N 180 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 105kg/hm~2、K_2O 54 kg/hm~2,研究结果为黄土高原地区苦荞高产高效栽培及肥料高效利用提供技术依据。
In this experiment,Xinong 9940 was used as the material and 18 treatments were set to explore the pattern of fertilizer requirement of Tartary buckwheat in the Loess Plateau and guide production.Changes in dry matter accumulation and distribution indices such as yield increase rate,dry matter accumulation,total transport efficiency,and synthesis efficiency of Tartary buckwheat under different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatments were studied.The results showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing in the agronomic traits with the different N,P,K treatments,such as node numbers of main stem,flower cluster numbers of main stem.Node numbers of main stem was the maximum under the treatments of N1(N 45 kg/hm~2),P3(P_2O_5 75 kg/hm~2),and K_2(K_2 O 36 kg/hm~2),and increased by9.58%,29.38% and 12.5% respectively,compared to the non-fertilization treatment.With the development of the growing period,the chlorophyll content of Tartary buckwheat gradually declined,and it showed different trends at different growth stages under different fertilizer treatments.The grain number per plant,grain weight per plant,and 1 000-grain weight showed significant increase and then a decrease.The application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium promoted the accumulation and transport of dry matter in Tartary buckwheat.Dry matter accumulation and translocation showed significant differences under different treatments of manure at different growth stages.With the continuous increase of N,P,K,the yield showed a significant increase and then a decrease.The yield reached the maximum under the treatments of N4(N 180 kg/hm~2),P4(P_2O_5 105 kg/hm~2)and K3(K_2 O 54 kg/hm~2)and increased by 123.73%,97.63% and 60.36% respectively,compared to the non-fertilization treatment.Therefore,the suitable amount of fertilizer was nitrogen 180 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5105 kg/hm~2 and K_2 O 54 kg/hm~2 under this experimental condition.The research results provide technical basis for the optimization of high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of Tartary buckwheat in the Loess Plateau.
In this experiment,Xinong 9940 was used as the material and 18 treatments were set to explore the pattern of fertilizer requirement of Tartary buckwheat in the Loess Plateau and guide production.Changes in dry matter accumulation and distribution indices such as yield increase rate,dry matter accumulation,total transport efficiency,and synthesis efficiency of Tartary buckwheat under different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatments were studied.The results showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing in the agronomic traits with the different N,P,K treatments,such as node numbers of main stem,flower cluster numbers of main stem.Node numbers of main stem was the maximum under the treatments of N1(N 45 kg/hm~2),P3(P_2O_5 75 kg/hm~2),and K_2(K_2 O 36 kg/hm~2),and increased by9.58%,29.38% and 12.5% respectively,compared to the non-fertilization treatment.With the development of the growing period,the chlorophyll content of Tartary buckwheat gradually declined,and it showed different trends at different growth stages under different fertilizer treatments.The grain number per plant,grain weight per plant,and 1 000-grain weight showed significant increase and then a decrease.The application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium promoted the accumulation and transport of dry matter in Tartary buckwheat.Dry matter accumulation and translocation showed significant differences under different treatments of manure at different growth stages.With the continuous increase of N,P,K,the yield showed a significant increase and then a decrease.The yield reached the maximum under the treatments of N4(N 180 kg/hm~2),P4(P_2O_5 105 kg/hm~2)and K3(K_2 O 54 kg/hm~2)and increased by 123.73%,97.63% and 60.36% respectively,compared to the non-fertilization treatment.Therefore,the suitable amount of fertilizer was nitrogen 180 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5105 kg/hm~2 and K_2 O 54 kg/hm~2 under this experimental condition.The research results provide technical basis for the optimization of high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of Tartary buckwheat in the Loess Plateau.
引文
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[21]牛波,冯美臣,杨武德.不同肥料配比对荞麦产量和品质的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2006,(2):8-10.
[22]宋毓雪,郭肖,杨龙云,等.不同氮磷钾肥料处理对苦荞籽粒充实度及产量的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2014,(6):1568-1572.
[23]金继运,何萍.氮钾营养对春玉米后期碳氮代谢与粒重形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(4):55-66.
[24]Ye Y L,Wang G,Huang Y F,et al.Understanding physiological processes associated with yield-trait relationships in modern wheat varieties[J].Field Crops Res,2011,124:316-322.
[25]Dordas C A,Lithourgidis A S,Matsi T,et al.Application of liquid cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers affect dry matter,nitrogen accumulation,and partitioning in maize[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2008,80(3):283-296.
[26]文熙宸,王小春,邓小燕,等.玉米-大豆套作模式下氮肥运筹对玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(3):448-457.
[27]康利允,马政华,李红英,等.氮锌配施对玉米干物质积累及产量效应的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,(1):34-38.
[28]吴光磊,郭立月,崔正勇,等.氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦氮素和干物质积累与转运的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5128-5137.
[29]侯迷红,刘景辉,杨恒山,等.不同氮素用量对甜荞麦干物质和养分积累及分配的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(3):214-219.
[30]王允青,郭熙盛,戴明伏.氮肥运筹方式对杂交水稻干物质积累和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008,(2):31-34.
[2]张莉,李志西.传统荞麦制品保健功能特性研究[J].中国粮油学报,2009,24(3):53-57.
[3]Qin P Y,Wang Q,Shan F,et al.Nutritional composition and flavonoids content of flour from different buckwheat cultivars[J].International Journal of Food Science and Technology,2010,45:951-958.
[4]Zhao G,Peng L X,Wang S,et al.HPLC finger-printantioxidant properties study of buckwheat[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2012,11(7):1111-1118.
[5]曾洪玉,唐宝国,蔡建华,等.不同氮肥用量对小麦产量的影响研究[J].现代农业科技,2013,(1):14-15.
[6]战秀梅,韩晓日,杨劲峰,等.不同施肥处理对玉米生育后期叶片保护酶活性及膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,(1):123-127.
[7]李前,侯云鹏,高军,等.不同供磷水平对水稻干物质累积、磷素吸收分配及产量的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2015,(3):37-41.
[8]宋淑贤,田伯红,王建广,等.不同施钾量对谷子干物质及产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2015,(19):9-10.
[9]张俊科,晋小军,王建军,等.不同施肥量对甜荞主要产量指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,(10):138-140.
[10]齐文增,陈晓璐,刘鹏,等.超高产夏玉米干物质与氮、磷、钾养分积累与分配特点[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):26-36.
[11]陈磊庆.氮磷配施对阴山北麓旱作荞麦产量和品质的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.
[12]李世清,邵明安,李紫燕,等.小麦籽粒灌浆特征及影响因素的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2003,(11):2030-2038.
[13]杨坪,夏明忠,蔡光泽.野生荞麦的生长发育与光合生理研究[J].西昌学院学报(自然科学版),2011,25(4):1-5.
[14]隋娜,李萌,田纪春,等.超高产小麦品种(系)生育后期光合特性的研究[J].作物学报,2005,31(6):808-814.
[15]张金安,张吉立.2种肥料对早熟禾生长及叶绿素含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(3):1538-1539.
[16]孙常青,郭志利,屈非,等.不同施肥条件对杂交谷叶绿素含量的影响[J].作物杂志,2014,(3):72-76.
[17]战秀梅,韩晓日,佟晔,等.高产施肥条件下玉米的光合特性研究[J].杂粮作物,2008,(4):251-254.
[18]梁秀兰,林英春,年海,等.低磷胁迫对不同基因型玉米主要生理生化特性的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(5):667-669.
[19]Aulakh M S,Kabba B S,Baddesha H S,et al.Corpyields and phosphorus fertilizer transformations after 25 years of applications to a subtropical soil under groundnut-based cropping systems[J].Field Crops Research,2003,83:283-296.
[20]徐松鹤,任琴,曹兴明.不同肥料配施方案对荞麦产量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2015,49(5):616-621.
[21]牛波,冯美臣,杨武德.不同肥料配比对荞麦产量和品质的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2006,(2):8-10.
[22]宋毓雪,郭肖,杨龙云,等.不同氮磷钾肥料处理对苦荞籽粒充实度及产量的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2014,(6):1568-1572.
[23]金继运,何萍.氮钾营养对春玉米后期碳氮代谢与粒重形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(4):55-66.
[24]Ye Y L,Wang G,Huang Y F,et al.Understanding physiological processes associated with yield-trait relationships in modern wheat varieties[J].Field Crops Res,2011,124:316-322.
[25]Dordas C A,Lithourgidis A S,Matsi T,et al.Application of liquid cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers affect dry matter,nitrogen accumulation,and partitioning in maize[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2008,80(3):283-296.
[26]文熙宸,王小春,邓小燕,等.玉米-大豆套作模式下氮肥运筹对玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(3):448-457.
[27]康利允,马政华,李红英,等.氮锌配施对玉米干物质积累及产量效应的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,(1):34-38.
[28]吴光磊,郭立月,崔正勇,等.氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦氮素和干物质积累与转运的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5128-5137.
[29]侯迷红,刘景辉,杨恒山,等.不同氮素用量对甜荞麦干物质和养分积累及分配的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(3):214-219.
[30]王允青,郭熙盛,戴明伏.氮肥运筹方式对杂交水稻干物质积累和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008,(2):31-34.