生物组织弹性成像方法及其新技术进展
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摘要
弹性是一种描述物质物理意义的重要参数,在描述物质在热力学和动力学的变化过程中有着重要的意义。在医学上,弹性的变化往往和病变联系在一起。然而,绝大多数生物组织在他们的力学特性上所表现出的复杂性并不是弹性模量一项参数就可以完全表述的,在对于他们的粘弹性表征和流变学行为的描述中,粘滞性往往和弹性一样的重要。现在被广泛用来对生物组织机械特性表征的成像技术是弹性成像,其基本原理是给组织施加一个激励,组织会产生一个响应,而该响应的分布结合技术的处理方法,可以反映出其弹性模量等力学属性的差异。本文介绍了生物组织常见的弹性成像方法:超声弹性成像,磁共振弹性成像以及光学相干弹性成像;详细阐述了新发展起来的技术-光声弹性成像和光声粘弹成像,并讨论分析其应用前景。
Elastic property is an important parameter closely connected to the thermodynamic properties of materials and can be related to a wide range of physical parameters. Changes in elasticity of tissues are often related to pathology.However,elasticity is insufficient to fully describe the complexity of mechanical properties of most biological tissues,and in the description of viscoelastic rheological characterization,viscosity is also important. The present method used widely to characterize the mechanical properties of tissue is elasticity imaging,its basic principle is that the biological tissue is excited,and the tissue will produce a response. The distribution of response is combined with the processing method of technology,which directly or indirectly reflects the differences in the elastic modulus and other mechanical properties.This paper introduces the common imaging methods for the elasticity of biological tissue: ultrasounic elastography,magnetic resonance elastography and optical coherence elastography; it elaborates two new development technologies: photoacoustic elastography and photoacoustic viscoelasticity imaging,and discusses their application prospect.
Elastic property is an important parameter closely connected to the thermodynamic properties of materials and can be related to a wide range of physical parameters. Changes in elasticity of tissues are often related to pathology.However,elasticity is insufficient to fully describe the complexity of mechanical properties of most biological tissues,and in the description of viscoelastic rheological characterization,viscosity is also important. The present method used widely to characterize the mechanical properties of tissue is elasticity imaging,its basic principle is that the biological tissue is excited,and the tissue will produce a response. The distribution of response is combined with the processing method of technology,which directly or indirectly reflects the differences in the elastic modulus and other mechanical properties.This paper introduces the common imaging methods for the elasticity of biological tissue: ultrasounic elastography,magnetic resonance elastography and optical coherence elastography; it elaborates two new development technologies: photoacoustic elastography and photoacoustic viscoelasticity imaging,and discusses their application prospect.
引文
[1]OPHIR J,CESPEDESE I,PONNEKANTI H,et al.Elastography:A quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues[J].Ultrasonic Imaging,1991,13(2):111-134.
[2]罗建文,白净.超声弹性成像的研究进展[J].中国医疗器械信息,2005,11(5):23-31.LUO Jianwen,BAI Jing.Research development of ultrasound elastography[J].China Medical Devices Information,2005,11(5):23-31.
[3]FATEMI M,GREENLEAF J F.Vibro-acoustography:an imaging modality based on ultrasound-stimulated acoustic emission[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,1999,96(12):6603-6608.
[4]赵子卓,刘葆明.超声弹性成像基本原理及技术[J].中国医疗器械信息,2008,14(4):6-8.ZHAO Zizhuo,LIU Baoming.The principle and techniques of ultrasonic elastography[J].China Medical Devices Information,2008,14(4):6-8.
[5]万明习,李仰梅,李俊博,等.血管壁高频超声弹性显微成像[J].声学学报,2001,26(4):355-360.WAN Mingxi,LI Yangmei,LI Junbo,et al.Microscopic elasticity imaging of vessel walls based on intravascular ultrasound[J].Acta Acustica.2001,26(4):355-360.
[6]李仰梅,李俊博,崔崤峣,等.基于血管内高频超声的血管壁组织应变成像及弹性重构[J].生物物理学报,2001,17(3):513-521.LI Yangmei,LI Junbo,CUI Yaoyao,et al.Strain imaging and elasticity reconstruction of arteries based on intravascular ultrasound[J].Acta Biophysica Sinica,2001,17(3):513-521.
[7]罗净文,白净.超声弹性成像仿真的有限元分析[J].北京生物医学工程,2003,22(2):99-103.LUO Jianwen,BAI Jing.Finite element analysis in simulations of ultrasound elastography[J].Beijing Biomedical Engineering,2003,22(2):99-103.
[8]KONIG K,SCHEIPERS U,PESAVENTO A,et al.Initial experiences with real-time elastography guided biopsies of the prostate[J].International journal of urology,2005,174(1):115-117.
[9]RAGO T,SANTINI F,SCUTARI M,et al.Elastography:new developments in ultrasound for predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology&Metabolism,2007,92(8):2917-2922.
[10]ZHI H,OU B,LUO B M,et al.Comparison of ultrasound elastography,mammography,and sonography in the diagnosis of solid breast lesions[J].Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine,2007,26(6):807-815.
[11]关少卿,罗葆明,欧冰,等.超声弹性成像诊断乳腺局灶性病变价值的初步探讨[J].临床超声医学杂志,2006,8(10):598-601.GUAN Shaoqing,LUO Baoming,OU Bing,et al.The preliminary investigation of ultrasonic elastography in diagnosing focal breast lesions[J].Journal of Ultrasound in Clinical Medicine,2006,8(10):598-601.
[12]俞清,徐智章,王文平,等.甲状腺占位性病变的实时超声弹性成像表现[J].中国医学影像技术,2007,3(11):1612-1614.YU Qing,XU Zhizhang,WANG Wenping,et al.Appearance of thyroid nodules on real-time elastosonography[J].Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology,2007,3(11):1612-1614.
[13]TALWALKAR J A,KURTZ D M,SCHOENLEBER S J,et al.Ultrasound-based transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology,2007,5(10):1214-1220.
[14]LUO J,FUJIKURA K,KONOFAGOU E E.Detection of murine infarcts using myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution[J].Conference Proceedings of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,2006,1:1552-1555.
[15]ICHIKAWA S,MOTOSUGI U,MORISAKA H,et al.Comparison of the diagnostic accuracies of magnetic resonance elastography and transient elastography for hepatic fibrosis[J].Magnetic Resonance Imaging,2015,33(1):26-30.
[16]SU L N,GUO S L,LI B X,et al.Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance elastography for detecting and staging of hepatic fibrosis:a meta-analysis[J].Clinical Radiology,2014,69(12):e545-e552.
[17]汪红志,温增庆,张学龙,等.基于磁共振弹性成像技术的肝纤维化分级方案[J].中国医学影像技术,2008,24(11):1833-1836.WANG Hongzhi,WEN Zengqing,ZHANG Xuelong,et al.Project of assessing hepatic fibrosis based on magnetic resonance elastography[J].Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology,2008,24(11):1833-1836.
[18]WANG C C,LIU C H,LIN C L,et al.Fibrosis index based on four factors better predicts advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis than aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index in ch ronic hepatitis C patients[J].Journal Formosan Medical Association,2015,114(10):923-928.
[19]PETERS L,MOCROFT A,SORIANO V,et al.Hyaluronic acid levels predict risk of hepatic encephalopathy and liver related death in HIV/viral hepatitis coinfected patients[J].PLo S One,2013,8(5):e64283.
[20]COHEN-EZRA O,BEN-ARI Z.Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis[J].Harefuah,2015,154(3):204-207,209,210.
[21]CEQUERA A,GARCLA DE L M.Biomarkers for liver fibrosis:advantages and disadvantages[J].Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico,2014,79(3):187-199.
[22]杨明磊,姚定康.磁共振弹性成像在肝纤维化无创诊断中的应用[J].临床肝胆病杂志,2016,32(3):588-592.YANG Minglei,YAO Dingkang.Application of magnetic resonance elastography as a non-invasive technique for diagnosis of liver fibrosis[J].Journal of Clinical Hepatology,2016,32(3):588-592.
[23]OPHIR J,ALAM S K,GARRA B,et al.Elastography:ultrasonic estimation and imaging of the elastic properties of tissues[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1999,213(3):203-233.
[24]LI C,GUAN G,CHENG X,et al.Quantitative elastography provided by surface acoustic waves measured by phasesensitive optical coherence tomography[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(4):722-724.
[25]刘伟,樊宽章,陈长忠.光学相干层析成像技术及在医学中的应用[J].医疗卫生装备,2002,23(3):32-36.LIU Wei,FAN Kuanzhang,CHEN Changzhong.Technology of optical coherence tomography and its application in clinical medicine[J].Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2002,23(3):32-36.
[26]沈熠辉,李志芳,李晖.光学相干弹性成像研究现状与展望[J].激光与光电子学进展,2014,51(12):62-69.SHEN Yihui,LI Zhifang,LI Hui.Research status and prospect of optical coherence elastography[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2014,51(12):62-69.
[27]谢波.准静态三维超声弹性成像方法研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013:12-14.XIE Bo.Research of quasi-static 3 D ultrasound elastography[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013:12-14.
[28]KENNEDY B F,HILLMAN T R,MCLAUGHLIN R A,et al.In vivo dynamic optical coherence elastography using a ring actuator[J].Optics Express,2009,17(24):21762-21772.
[29]ADIE S G,KENNEDY B F,ARMSTRONG J,et al.Audio frequency in vivo optical coherence elastography[J].Physics in Medicine and Biology,2009,54(10):3129-3139.
[30]崇博,朱永凯.谱域光学相干层析系统轴向分辨率提高方法[J].光学学报,2013,33(2):151-156.CHONG Bo,ZHU Yongkai.Method to improve axial resolution of spectral domain optical coherence tomography[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(2):151-156.
[31]尚姗姗,纪轩荣,杨思华.基于光谱编码的血管内光声组分成像[J].激光生物学报,2015,24(2):125-129.SHANG Shanshan,JI Xuanrong,YANG Sihua,Intravascular photoacoustic component imaging based on spectral encoding technique[J].Acta Laser Biology Sinica,2015,24(2):125-129.
[32]ZHANG J,YANG S H,XING D,et al.Characterization of lipid-rich aortic plaques by intravascular photoacoustic tomography:ex vivo and in vivo validation in a rabbit atherosclerosis model with histologic correlation[J].Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2012,64(4):385-390.
[33]HAI P F,YAO J J,WANG L H V,et al.Photoacoustic elastography[J].Optics Letters,2016,41(4):725-728.
[34]陈丛桂,赵岳,杨思华.生物组织光声粘弹显微成像[J].激光生物学报,2013,22(6):486-490.CHEN Conggui,ZHAO Yue,YANG Sihua.The photoacoustic and viscoelastic microscopy of biological tissues[J].Acta Laser Biology Sinica,2013,22(6):486-490.
[35]GAO G D,YANG S H,XING D.Viscoelasticity imaging of biological tissues with phase-resolved photoacoustic measurement[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(17):3341-3343.
[36]ZHAO Y,YANG S H.Photoacoustic viscoelasticity imaging of biological tissues with intensity modulated continuous-wave laser[J].Innovative Optical Health Sciences,2013,6(4):1350033-1350039.
[37]CHEN C G,ZHAO Y,XING D,et al.Integrated mechanical and structural features for photoacoustic characterization of atherosclerosis using a quasi-continuous laser[J].Optics Express,2015,23(13):17309-17315.
[38]CHEN C G,ZHAO Y,XING D,et al.Mechanical characterization of intraluminal tissue with phase-resolved photoacoustic viscoelasticity endoscopy[J].Biomedical Optics Express,2015,6(12):4975-4980.
[39]ZHAO Y,YANG S H,XING D,et al.Simultaneous optical absorption and viscoelasticity imaging based on photoacoustic lock-in measurement[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(9):2565-2568.
[2]罗建文,白净.超声弹性成像的研究进展[J].中国医疗器械信息,2005,11(5):23-31.LUO Jianwen,BAI Jing.Research development of ultrasound elastography[J].China Medical Devices Information,2005,11(5):23-31.
[3]FATEMI M,GREENLEAF J F.Vibro-acoustography:an imaging modality based on ultrasound-stimulated acoustic emission[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,1999,96(12):6603-6608.
[4]赵子卓,刘葆明.超声弹性成像基本原理及技术[J].中国医疗器械信息,2008,14(4):6-8.ZHAO Zizhuo,LIU Baoming.The principle and techniques of ultrasonic elastography[J].China Medical Devices Information,2008,14(4):6-8.
[5]万明习,李仰梅,李俊博,等.血管壁高频超声弹性显微成像[J].声学学报,2001,26(4):355-360.WAN Mingxi,LI Yangmei,LI Junbo,et al.Microscopic elasticity imaging of vessel walls based on intravascular ultrasound[J].Acta Acustica.2001,26(4):355-360.
[6]李仰梅,李俊博,崔崤峣,等.基于血管内高频超声的血管壁组织应变成像及弹性重构[J].生物物理学报,2001,17(3):513-521.LI Yangmei,LI Junbo,CUI Yaoyao,et al.Strain imaging and elasticity reconstruction of arteries based on intravascular ultrasound[J].Acta Biophysica Sinica,2001,17(3):513-521.
[7]罗净文,白净.超声弹性成像仿真的有限元分析[J].北京生物医学工程,2003,22(2):99-103.LUO Jianwen,BAI Jing.Finite element analysis in simulations of ultrasound elastography[J].Beijing Biomedical Engineering,2003,22(2):99-103.
[8]KONIG K,SCHEIPERS U,PESAVENTO A,et al.Initial experiences with real-time elastography guided biopsies of the prostate[J].International journal of urology,2005,174(1):115-117.
[9]RAGO T,SANTINI F,SCUTARI M,et al.Elastography:new developments in ultrasound for predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology&Metabolism,2007,92(8):2917-2922.
[10]ZHI H,OU B,LUO B M,et al.Comparison of ultrasound elastography,mammography,and sonography in the diagnosis of solid breast lesions[J].Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine,2007,26(6):807-815.
[11]关少卿,罗葆明,欧冰,等.超声弹性成像诊断乳腺局灶性病变价值的初步探讨[J].临床超声医学杂志,2006,8(10):598-601.GUAN Shaoqing,LUO Baoming,OU Bing,et al.The preliminary investigation of ultrasonic elastography in diagnosing focal breast lesions[J].Journal of Ultrasound in Clinical Medicine,2006,8(10):598-601.
[12]俞清,徐智章,王文平,等.甲状腺占位性病变的实时超声弹性成像表现[J].中国医学影像技术,2007,3(11):1612-1614.YU Qing,XU Zhizhang,WANG Wenping,et al.Appearance of thyroid nodules on real-time elastosonography[J].Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology,2007,3(11):1612-1614.
[13]TALWALKAR J A,KURTZ D M,SCHOENLEBER S J,et al.Ultrasound-based transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology,2007,5(10):1214-1220.
[14]LUO J,FUJIKURA K,KONOFAGOU E E.Detection of murine infarcts using myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution[J].Conference Proceedings of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,2006,1:1552-1555.
[15]ICHIKAWA S,MOTOSUGI U,MORISAKA H,et al.Comparison of the diagnostic accuracies of magnetic resonance elastography and transient elastography for hepatic fibrosis[J].Magnetic Resonance Imaging,2015,33(1):26-30.
[16]SU L N,GUO S L,LI B X,et al.Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance elastography for detecting and staging of hepatic fibrosis:a meta-analysis[J].Clinical Radiology,2014,69(12):e545-e552.
[17]汪红志,温增庆,张学龙,等.基于磁共振弹性成像技术的肝纤维化分级方案[J].中国医学影像技术,2008,24(11):1833-1836.WANG Hongzhi,WEN Zengqing,ZHANG Xuelong,et al.Project of assessing hepatic fibrosis based on magnetic resonance elastography[J].Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology,2008,24(11):1833-1836.
[18]WANG C C,LIU C H,LIN C L,et al.Fibrosis index based on four factors better predicts advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis than aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index in ch ronic hepatitis C patients[J].Journal Formosan Medical Association,2015,114(10):923-928.
[19]PETERS L,MOCROFT A,SORIANO V,et al.Hyaluronic acid levels predict risk of hepatic encephalopathy and liver related death in HIV/viral hepatitis coinfected patients[J].PLo S One,2013,8(5):e64283.
[20]COHEN-EZRA O,BEN-ARI Z.Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis[J].Harefuah,2015,154(3):204-207,209,210.
[21]CEQUERA A,GARCLA DE L M.Biomarkers for liver fibrosis:advantages and disadvantages[J].Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico,2014,79(3):187-199.
[22]杨明磊,姚定康.磁共振弹性成像在肝纤维化无创诊断中的应用[J].临床肝胆病杂志,2016,32(3):588-592.YANG Minglei,YAO Dingkang.Application of magnetic resonance elastography as a non-invasive technique for diagnosis of liver fibrosis[J].Journal of Clinical Hepatology,2016,32(3):588-592.
[23]OPHIR J,ALAM S K,GARRA B,et al.Elastography:ultrasonic estimation and imaging of the elastic properties of tissues[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1999,213(3):203-233.
[24]LI C,GUAN G,CHENG X,et al.Quantitative elastography provided by surface acoustic waves measured by phasesensitive optical coherence tomography[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(4):722-724.
[25]刘伟,樊宽章,陈长忠.光学相干层析成像技术及在医学中的应用[J].医疗卫生装备,2002,23(3):32-36.LIU Wei,FAN Kuanzhang,CHEN Changzhong.Technology of optical coherence tomography and its application in clinical medicine[J].Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2002,23(3):32-36.
[26]沈熠辉,李志芳,李晖.光学相干弹性成像研究现状与展望[J].激光与光电子学进展,2014,51(12):62-69.SHEN Yihui,LI Zhifang,LI Hui.Research status and prospect of optical coherence elastography[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2014,51(12):62-69.
[27]谢波.准静态三维超声弹性成像方法研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013:12-14.XIE Bo.Research of quasi-static 3 D ultrasound elastography[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013:12-14.
[28]KENNEDY B F,HILLMAN T R,MCLAUGHLIN R A,et al.In vivo dynamic optical coherence elastography using a ring actuator[J].Optics Express,2009,17(24):21762-21772.
[29]ADIE S G,KENNEDY B F,ARMSTRONG J,et al.Audio frequency in vivo optical coherence elastography[J].Physics in Medicine and Biology,2009,54(10):3129-3139.
[30]崇博,朱永凯.谱域光学相干层析系统轴向分辨率提高方法[J].光学学报,2013,33(2):151-156.CHONG Bo,ZHU Yongkai.Method to improve axial resolution of spectral domain optical coherence tomography[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(2):151-156.
[31]尚姗姗,纪轩荣,杨思华.基于光谱编码的血管内光声组分成像[J].激光生物学报,2015,24(2):125-129.SHANG Shanshan,JI Xuanrong,YANG Sihua,Intravascular photoacoustic component imaging based on spectral encoding technique[J].Acta Laser Biology Sinica,2015,24(2):125-129.
[32]ZHANG J,YANG S H,XING D,et al.Characterization of lipid-rich aortic plaques by intravascular photoacoustic tomography:ex vivo and in vivo validation in a rabbit atherosclerosis model with histologic correlation[J].Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2012,64(4):385-390.
[33]HAI P F,YAO J J,WANG L H V,et al.Photoacoustic elastography[J].Optics Letters,2016,41(4):725-728.
[34]陈丛桂,赵岳,杨思华.生物组织光声粘弹显微成像[J].激光生物学报,2013,22(6):486-490.CHEN Conggui,ZHAO Yue,YANG Sihua.The photoacoustic and viscoelastic microscopy of biological tissues[J].Acta Laser Biology Sinica,2013,22(6):486-490.
[35]GAO G D,YANG S H,XING D.Viscoelasticity imaging of biological tissues with phase-resolved photoacoustic measurement[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(17):3341-3343.
[36]ZHAO Y,YANG S H.Photoacoustic viscoelasticity imaging of biological tissues with intensity modulated continuous-wave laser[J].Innovative Optical Health Sciences,2013,6(4):1350033-1350039.
[37]CHEN C G,ZHAO Y,XING D,et al.Integrated mechanical and structural features for photoacoustic characterization of atherosclerosis using a quasi-continuous laser[J].Optics Express,2015,23(13):17309-17315.
[38]CHEN C G,ZHAO Y,XING D,et al.Mechanical characterization of intraluminal tissue with phase-resolved photoacoustic viscoelasticity endoscopy[J].Biomedical Optics Express,2015,6(12):4975-4980.
[39]ZHAO Y,YANG S H,XING D,et al.Simultaneous optical absorption and viscoelasticity imaging based on photoacoustic lock-in measurement[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(9):2565-2568.