不同葡萄砧木品种(系)的耐碱性评价
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摘要
以25个葡萄砧木品种或株系和1个栽培品种"红地球"的盆栽植株为试材,通过浇灌浓度为20%饱和石灰水的方法模拟碱胁迫,在胁迫5、15、30、42 d后,分别调查叶片的碱害指数并测定叶片相对电导率、叶绿素、丙二醛和游离脯氨酸含量,利用隶属函数法综合评价其耐碱性。同时,测定了相应土样中有效态Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和Fe~(2+)含量及土壤pH,旨在揭示葡萄碱害黄化与土壤中3种离子及pH的关系。结果表明:在碱胁迫下,葡萄叶片的相对电导率及丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量均升高;‘5BB’等11个品种(株系)的叶绿素总量先上升后下降,‘SO4’等15个品种(株系)则为先下降后上升再下降。表现高耐碱的是‘5BB’‘YT32’‘YT48’‘YH58’;耐碱的是‘3309’‘SO4’‘225Ru’‘5C’"河岸(♀)"‘1103P’‘188-08’"河岸-2"‘00-1-5’‘00-1-10’‘6-12-4’‘6-12-6’"河山-1"和‘YH39’;中等耐碱的是‘110R’‘101-14’"抗砧3号"和‘6-12-1’;不耐碱的是"贝达""北醇"和"红地球";极不耐碱的是"燕山-1"。土壤中有效态Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和Fe~(2+)离子含量为波动变化,处理后第42天与对照相比,土壤有效态Ca~(2+)含量升高,有效态Mg~(2+)含量变化不大,有效态Fe~(2+)含量降低;处理组土壤pH达到8.89,比对照(7.55)高出1.34。
The alkali resistance of 25 grape rootstock varieties or strains and one cultivar'Red Globe'potted plants were identified by pouring 20%saturated lime water.After 5,15,30 and 42 days of alkali stress,the alkali injury index of grape leaves was investigated,and the relative conductivity,the contents of chlorophyll,MDA as well as free proline were determined.The alkali resistance of the test materials was comprehensively evaluated by the membership function method.Meantime,the changes of available Ca2+,Mg2+and Fe2+content as well as pH in soil were determined.The results showed that the relative conductivity(REC),the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and free proline(Pro)all increased in grape leaves under alkali stress;the contents of chlorophyll(Chl)of 11 varieties or strains such as '5 BB''Heshan-1'and 'YH58'first increased and then decreased,the remaining 15 varieties or strains such as'SO4'first decreased and then increased,finally decreased again.'5 BB''YT32''YT48'and'YH58'belong to high resistance type;'3309''SO4''225 Ru''5 C',V.Riparia(♀),'1103 P''188-08',V.riparia Mcadams,'00-1-5''00-1-10''6-12-4''6-12-6''Heshan-1'and'YH39'belong to resistance type;'110 R''101-14''Kangzhen-3'and '6-12-1'belong to middle resistance type;'Beta''Beichun'and'Red Globe'belong to susceptible type;'Yanshan-1'belonged to high susceptible type.The contents of available ions of calcium,magnesium and iron in the soil are disordered,and they are not simply increased or decreased but fluctuate.On 42 days after alkali stress,compared with the control(without alkali stress),the content of available calcium ions in soil increased,the content of available magnesium changed little,the content of available iron decreased.The soil pH in the treatment group reached 8.89,which was 1.34 higher than that of the control(7.55).
The alkali resistance of 25 grape rootstock varieties or strains and one cultivar'Red Globe'potted plants were identified by pouring 20%saturated lime water.After 5,15,30 and 42 days of alkali stress,the alkali injury index of grape leaves was investigated,and the relative conductivity,the contents of chlorophyll,MDA as well as free proline were determined.The alkali resistance of the test materials was comprehensively evaluated by the membership function method.Meantime,the changes of available Ca2+,Mg2+and Fe2+content as well as pH in soil were determined.The results showed that the relative conductivity(REC),the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and free proline(Pro)all increased in grape leaves under alkali stress;the contents of chlorophyll(Chl)of 11 varieties or strains such as '5 BB''Heshan-1'and 'YH58'first increased and then decreased,the remaining 15 varieties or strains such as'SO4'first decreased and then increased,finally decreased again.'5 BB''YT32''YT48'and'YH58'belong to high resistance type;'3309''SO4''225 Ru''5 C',V.Riparia(♀),'1103 P''188-08',V.riparia Mcadams,'00-1-5''00-1-10''6-12-4''6-12-6''Heshan-1'and'YH39'belong to resistance type;'110 R''101-14''Kangzhen-3'and '6-12-1'belong to middle resistance type;'Beta''Beichun'and'Red Globe'belong to susceptible type;'Yanshan-1'belonged to high susceptible type.The contents of available ions of calcium,magnesium and iron in the soil are disordered,and they are not simply increased or decreased but fluctuate.On 42 days after alkali stress,compared with the control(without alkali stress),the content of available calcium ions in soil increased,the content of available magnesium changed little,the content of available iron decreased.The soil pH in the treatment group reached 8.89,which was 1.34 higher than that of the control(7.55).
引文
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[29] 李正诗.杜梨对碱胁迫的响应[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2015.
[30] 樊秀彩,刘崇怀,孙海生,等.快速鉴定葡萄砧木种质耐碱性的方法[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2009(6):48-49.
[31] 邹邦基,王海廷.大庆地区农牧业中微量元素缺乏性营养障碍的土壤根源与整治途径[J].生态学报,1990,10(3):226-262.
[2] 张素敏.果树耐盐碱性研究进展[J].北方果树,2004(z1):52-54.
[3] 樊秀彩,刘崇怀,孙海生,等.快速鉴定葡萄砧木种质耐碱性的方法[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2009(6):48-49.
[4] 孙明茂,刘丽霞.百合苗期碱胁迫下叶片叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量和碱害指数相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2018(5):93-98.
[5] 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[6] 吕贻忠,李保国.土壤学实验[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[7] ZHANG J X,WU X C,NIU R X,et al.Cold-resistance evaluation in 25 wild grape species[J].Vitis,2015,51(4):153-160.
[8] 王艳杰,薛达元,彭羽.盐碱胁迫对两个葡萄品种光合作用-光响应特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(16):30-36.
[9] 公婷婷,冯金朝,薛达元,等.盐碱胁迫对两个品种葡萄光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(19):5-9.
[10] 周志文.葡萄种质资源的耐盐性鉴定及其生理基础的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2003.
[11] 崔利辉.盐碱胁迫下山葡萄嫁接苗生理生化特性研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2007.
[12] 孙茜.四种葡萄砧木抗旱、耐盐碱性的比较研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[13] 王连君,冯玉才,王铭.盐碱胁迫对山葡萄生理特性的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(2):157-160.
[14] 程智慧.园艺学概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:155-156.
[15] GUO L Q,CHEN J X,CUI J J,et al.Comparative studies of metabolic regulation of organic acids in Puccinellia tenuiflora under salt and alkali stresses[J].Journal of Northeast Normal University,2009,41(4):123-128.
[16] 郭立泉,陈建欣,崔景军,等.盐、碱胁迫下星星草有机酸代谢调节的比较研究[J].东北师大学报(自然科学),2009,41(4):123-128.
[17] 翟丙年,刘海轮,尚浩博,等.植物吸收利用铁的机理[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(1):184-189.
[18] 高彬,王海燕.土壤pH值对植物吸收Cd、Zn的影响研究[J].广西林业科学,2003,32(2):66-69.
[19] 郭玉刚.葡萄对土壤的要求[J].新农业,2007(1):41-42.
[20] 廖红,严小龙.高级植物营养学[J].科学通报,2003(19):2049.
[21] 杨军芳,周晓芬,冯伟.土壤与植物镁素研究进展概述[J].河北农业科学,2008,12(3):91-93.
[22] GONG Z T,HUANG B.Geochemistry of soil formation in south China Sea Islands[J].Pedosphere,1995(4):334-342.
[23] R?MHELD V,MARSCHNER H.Rhythmic iron stress reactions in sunflower at suboptimal iron supply[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2010,53(3):347-353.
[24] R?MHELD V,MARSCHNER H.Mechanism of iron uptake by peanut plants 1[J].Plant Physiology,1983,71(4):949-954.
[25] 张福锁.环境胁迫与植物根际营养[M].北京:农业出版社,1998.
[26] 张福锁.环境胁迫与植物营养[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1993.
[27] 施卫明.缺铁胁迫下植物根外介质pH的变化及其影响因素[J].植物生理学报,1988(6):30-33.
[28] 晋学娟.葡萄不同砧穗组合耐盐碱能力研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[29] 李正诗.杜梨对碱胁迫的响应[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2015.
[30] 樊秀彩,刘崇怀,孙海生,等.快速鉴定葡萄砧木种质耐碱性的方法[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2009(6):48-49.
[31] 邹邦基,王海廷.大庆地区农牧业中微量元素缺乏性营养障碍的土壤根源与整治途径[J].生态学报,1990,10(3):226-262.