新疆高砷地区地下水水化学特征及其成因分析
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摘要
以中国大陆第一个砷中毒病区新疆奎屯垦区为研究区域,测定了72份地下水水样中的主要化学离子,运用统计学、Piper三线图和Gibbs图等方法,分析了该地区地下水水化学特征及其成因。结果表明:该地区地下水为弱碱性、碱性的还原环境,地下水中As和F~-含量较高,呈极显著正相关。水化学类型主要为碱金属-重碳酸型,离子组成主要受蒸发岩风化和碳酸盐岩的控制。天山与河流沉积平原相结合的地质环境、强烈的蒸发浓缩作用使地下水中的砷得以富集,铁氧化物/氢氧化物还原过程可能是该地区导致固相砷的活化并向地下水中迁移和富集的主要原因。
Kuitun Farming Area in Xinjiang was the first area that had been identified with endemic arsenic poisoning disease in China. 72 bottom groundwater samples were collected from Kuitun,and major ions in these samples were measured. Hydro-chemical characteristics of the groundwater and the formations were analyzed with statistics,Piper diagram and Gibbs diagram. The results showed: The groundwater was alkaline and strong reduction environment. The concentration of As and F-were high in groundwater. As. and F-had significant correlation. Alkalis metal-bicarbonate groundwater was the most dominant type. The chemical ions of groundwater were mainly affected by rock weathering and evaporation crystallization. Tianshan mountains,fluvial sedimentary plain and strong evaporation provided a favorable environment for the high arsenic groundwater. Ironoxide/hydroxide reduction process might be the main cause of the activation and migration and enrichment of arsenic in the region.
Kuitun Farming Area in Xinjiang was the first area that had been identified with endemic arsenic poisoning disease in China. 72 bottom groundwater samples were collected from Kuitun,and major ions in these samples were measured. Hydro-chemical characteristics of the groundwater and the formations were analyzed with statistics,Piper diagram and Gibbs diagram. The results showed: The groundwater was alkaline and strong reduction environment. The concentration of As and F-were high in groundwater. As. and F-had significant correlation. Alkalis metal-bicarbonate groundwater was the most dominant type. The chemical ions of groundwater were mainly affected by rock weathering and evaporation crystallization. Tianshan mountains,fluvial sedimentary plain and strong evaporation provided a favorable environment for the high arsenic groundwater. Ironoxide/hydroxide reduction process might be the main cause of the activation and migration and enrichment of arsenic in the region.
引文
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[2]Charlet L,Polya D A.Arsenic in shallow,reducing groundwaters in southern Asia:An environmental health disaster[J].Elements,2006,2(2):91-96.
[3]张丽萍,谢先军,李俊霞,等.大同盆地富砷地下水的水化学与地球化学研究[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(2):215-221.
[4]韩双宝,张福存,张徽,等.中国北方高砷地下水分布特征及成因分析[J].中国地质,2010,37(3):747-753.
[5]何薪,马腾,王焰新,等.内蒙古河套平原高砷地下水赋存环境特征[J].中国地质,2010,37(3):781-788.
[6]王连方,刘鸿德,徐训风,等.新疆奎屯垦区慢性砷中毒调查报告[J].中国地方病学杂志,1983,2(2):封3.
[7]GB 5749-2006生活饮用水卫生标准[S].
[8]GB5084-2005农田灌溉水质标准[S].
[9]王瑞久.三线图解及其水文地质解释[J].工程勘察,1983(6):6-11.
[10]张艳,吴勇,杨军,等.阆中市思依镇水化学特征及其成因分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3230-3237.
[11]赵凯,郭华明,高存荣.北方典型内陆盆地高砷地下水的水化学特征及处理技术[J].现代地质,2015,29(2):351-360.
[12]Manouchehr A,Kim M,Karim C A,et al.Statistical modeling of global geogenic fluoride contamination in groundwaters[J].Environmental Science and Techology,2008,42:3662-3668.
[13]Gibbs R J.Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J].Science,1970,170:1088-1090.
[14]王亚平,王岚,许春雪,等.长江水系水文地球化学特征及主要离子的化学成因[J].地质通报,2010,29(2):446-456.
[15]Boyle D,Turnertra R,Hall G.Anomalous arsenic concentrations in groandwaters of an island community,Bowen Island,British Columbia[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,1998,20(4):199-212.
[16]Paul E,Holzmer F J,Jackson R E,et al.Effects of high p H on arsenic mobility in a shallow sandy aquifer and on aquifer permeability along the adjacent shoreline,Commencement Bay Superfund Site,Tacoma,Washington[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1996,30(5):1645-1651.
[17]Guo H M.Removal of arsenite from water by synthetic siderite:Behaviors and mechanisms[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,2-3(186):1874-1854.
[18]Appelo C A,Van Der Weiden M J,Tournasat C,et al.Surface complexation of ferrous iron and carbonate on ferrihydrite and the mobilization of arsenic[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2002,14(136):3096-3103.
[19]Acharyya S K,Chakraborty P,Lahiri S,et al.Arsenic poisoning in the Ganges delta[J].Nature,1999,401(6753):545.
[20]Tufano K J,Reyes C,Saltikov C W,et al.Reductive processes controlling arsenic retention:Revealing the relative importance of iron and arsenic reduction[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(22):8283-8289.
[21]Campbell K M,Malasarn D,Saltikov C W,et al.Simultaneous microbial reduction of iron(Ⅲ)and arsenic(V)in suspensions of hydrous ferric oxide[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(19):5950-5955.
[22]罗婷,景传勇.地下水砷污染形成机制研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(1):77-83.
[23]Huaming Guo,Bo Zhang,Yuan Li,et al.Hydrogeological and biogeochemical constrains of arsenic mobilization in shallow aquifers from the Hetao basin,Inner Mongolia[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,4(159):876-883.
[24]Guo H M,Liu C,Lu H,et al.Pathways of coupled arsenic and iron cycling in high arsenic groundwater of the Hetao basin,Inner Mongolia,China:An iron isotope approach[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2013(112):130-145.