长江口启东嘴潮滩沉积速率变化及环境意义
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摘要
沉积速率是认识潮滩沉积地貌环境变化的重要环境指标。长江口启东嘴潮滩位于长江北支沿江岸线和江苏沿海岸线的交汇处,是典型的粉砂淤泥质潮滩。对采集的岩芯沉积物QDZ-1进行了~(137)Cs同位素测年和粒度分析。结果表明岩芯沉积物以粉砂为主,从底部到表层表现为由粗变细的趋势,符合粉砂淤泥质潮滩的沉积特征。多年平均沉积速率在1963—1986年为2.61cm/a,在1963—2011年为1.82cm/a,在1986—2011年为1.10cm/a。基于此,对环境变化的意义进行了进一步解释。在深度172.5cm处砂含量突然增加,根据沉积速率估算,可能是长江流域1931年洪水等极端环境变化的影响。自从大规模引种互花米草后,保堤促淤效果显著,潮滩地貌由侵蚀转变为淤积,随着潮滩的逐渐淤高,由低潮滩转变为高潮滩,沉积速率呈现逐渐下降的趋势。
The sedimentation rate is one of the important environmental parameters to understand the evolution of coastal geomorphology.The tidal flat around Qidong foreland is located in the junction between Yangtze Estuary and Jiangsu coast,where the land-ocean interactions air strong and highly sensitive to environmental changes.The QDZ-1 core sediments collected at Qidong foreland was analyzed for~(137)Cs dating and grain size.The results showed that,silt is the main sedimentary type with a trend of gradually fining from the bottom to the top.The sedimentation rate could be divided into distinct stages:1963 to 1986 was 2.61 cm/a,1963 to 2011 was 1.82 cm/a,1986 to 2011 was 1.10 cm/a.Furthermore,the environment significances were explained by using the sedimentary records.According to the estimation of sedimentation rate,the impact of extreme environmental change was reflected by the sudden increase in sand proportion at the depth of 172.5 cm.The Spartina Alterniflora has been introduced since 1970 s,which played an important role in tidal flat development.The tied flat has a high sedimentary rate during this time.With the tidal flat continuous accretion,low tide beach turns to high tide beach,sedimentary rate is gradually reduced,and tidal flat sedimentation appears.
The sedimentation rate is one of the important environmental parameters to understand the evolution of coastal geomorphology.The tidal flat around Qidong foreland is located in the junction between Yangtze Estuary and Jiangsu coast,where the land-ocean interactions air strong and highly sensitive to environmental changes.The QDZ-1 core sediments collected at Qidong foreland was analyzed for~(137)Cs dating and grain size.The results showed that,silt is the main sedimentary type with a trend of gradually fining from the bottom to the top.The sedimentation rate could be divided into distinct stages:1963 to 1986 was 2.61 cm/a,1963 to 2011 was 1.82 cm/a,1986 to 2011 was 1.10 cm/a.Furthermore,the environment significances were explained by using the sedimentary records.According to the estimation of sedimentation rate,the impact of extreme environmental change was reflected by the sudden increase in sand proportion at the depth of 172.5 cm.The Spartina Alterniflora has been introduced since 1970 s,which played an important role in tidal flat development.The tied flat has a high sedimentary rate during this time.With the tidal flat continuous accretion,low tide beach turns to high tide beach,sedimentary rate is gradually reduced,and tidal flat sedimentation appears.
引文
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[23]李华,杨世伦.潮间带盐沼植物对海岸沉积动力过程影响的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(6):583-591.
[24]陈宏友.互花米草在江苏省滩涂开发中的作用[J].水利规划与设计,2009,(4):27-29.
[25]沈永明,张忍顺,等.互花米草盐沼潮沟地貌特征[J].地理研究,2003,22(4):520-527.
[26]张忍顺,沈永明,等.江苏沿海互花米草Spartina alterniflora盐沼的形成过程[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(4):358-366.
[27]王爱军,高抒,等.互花米草对江苏潮滩沉积和地貌演化的影响[J].海洋学报,2006,28(1):92-99.
[28]徐晓军,王华,等.崇明东滩互花米草群落中底栖动物群落动态的初步研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2006,(2):89-95.
[29]虞蔚岩,李朝晖,等.江苏盐城东台互花米草滩涂底栖无脊椎动物的多样性分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,2009,(1):123-128
[30]赵常青,茅志昌,等.长江口崇明东滩冲淤演变分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,2008,(3):27-34.
[31]陈宏友.苏北南通海涂近期冲淤动态及其开发[J].海洋科学,1990,(2):28-35.
[32]冯小铭,韩子章,等.南通地区江海岸线近40年之变迁-江海岸的侵蚀和淤积[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1992,12(2):65-77.
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[34]李海清,殷勇,等.江苏如东潮滩微地貌及现代沉积速率研究[J].古地理学报,2011,13(2):150-160.
[35]火苗,范代读,等.长江三角洲南汇潮滩沉积速率及其影响因素[J].古地理学报,2011,13(1):111-118.
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[37]王颖,朱大奎,等.潮滩沉积环境与岩相对比研究[J].沉积学报,2003,21(4):539-546.
[38]杜吉净,毛龙江,等.海州湾潮滩岩芯沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义[J].海洋湖沼通报,2016,(1):88-96.
[39]高抒.潮滩沉积记录正演模拟初探[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(5):750-755.
[40]高清清,曹兵,等.南通沿海台风风暴潮分析及其经验预报初探[J].海洋预报,2014,31(1):29-35.
[41]陈聪,陈爱玉,等.近50a南通地区影响台风的时空特征及统计分析[A].2012年第九届长三角气象科技论坛S1灾害天气研究与预报会议论文集[C],镇江,2012年
[42]丁东,尹延鸿,等.渤海沿岸风暴沉积体的研究[J].黄渤海海洋,2000,18(3):1-6.
[43]王建,柏春广,等.2006.江苏中部淤泥质潮滩潮汐层理成因机理和风暴沉积判别标志[J].沉积学报,24(4):562-569.
[44]施雅风,姜彤,等.1840年以来长江大洪水演变与气候变化关系初探[J].湖泊科学,2004,16(4):289-297.
[45]门可佩.长江流域大洪水有序网络结构及其预测研究[J].南京信息工程大学学报,2014,6(2):5-181.
[46]刘长征,王会军,等.东亚季风区夏季风强度和降水的配置关系[J].大气科学,2004,28(5):700-712.
[47]孙颖,丁一汇.未来百年东亚夏季降水和季风预测的研究[J].中国科学(D辑),2009,39(11):1487-1504.
[48]蒲晓强,陶小婉.南黄海部分典型海域沉积物粒度特征[J].海洋科学,2009,33(8):63-66
[2]王永红,沈焕庭.河口海岸环境沉积速率研究方法[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(2):115-120.
[3]Krishnaswamy S,Lal D,Martin J M,et al.Geochronology of lake sediments[J].Earth and Planearytary Science Letters,1971,11(1):407-414.
[4]王福,王宏.海岸带地区137Cs沉积剖面类型划分及其意义[J].地质通报,2011,31(7):1099-1110.
[5]Liu Zhiyong,Pan Shaoming,Liu Xuying,et al.Distribution of 137Cs and 210Pb in sediments of tidal flats in north Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2010,20(1):91-108.
[6]Wu Xiao,Bi Naishuang,Kanai Y,et al.Sedimentary records off the modern Huanghe(Yellow River)delta and their response to deltaic river channel shifts over the last 200years[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,108(8):68-80.
[7]邴智武.辽宁省海岸带主要河口区近百年沉积速率变化规律[J].地质与资源,2016,25(1):74-78.
[8]张振克,李彦明,等.江苏圆陀角附近潮滩沉积岩心粒度变化及其环境意义[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(4):690-694.
[9]张振克,谢丽,等.近期长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩地貌动态变化[J].地理研究,2010,29(5):909-916.
[10]袁红伟,李守中,等.外来种互花米草对中国海滨湿地生态系统的影响评价及对策[J].海洋通报,2009,28(6):122-127.
[11]王德杰,范代读,等.不同预处理对沉积物粒度分析结果的影响[J].同济大学学报,2003,31(3):314-318.
[12]Tsabaris C,Eleftheriou G,Kapsimalis V.Radioactivity levels of recent sediments in the Butrint Lagoon and the adjacent coast of Albania[J].Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2007,65(4):445-453.
[13]Tsabaris C,Kapsimalis V,Eleftheriou G.Determination of 137Cs activities in surface sediments and derived sediment accumulation rates in Thessaloniki Gulf,Greece[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,67(3):833-843.
[14]Suseno H and Prihatiningsih W R.Monitoring 137Cs and 134Cs at marine coasts in Indonesia between 2011and 2013[J].Marine pollution bulletin,2014,88(1):319-324.
[15]贾建军,高抒,等.图解法与矩法沉积物粒度参数的对比[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(6):577-582.
[16]卢连战,史正涛.沉积物粒度参数内涵及计算方法的解析[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(6):54-60.
[17]Ritchie J C,McHenry J R.A comparison of three methods for measuring recent rates of sediment accumulation[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1985,21(1):99-104.
[18]Walling D E,He Q.Use of fallout 137Cs in investigations of overbank sediment deposition on river floodplains[J].Catena,1997,29(3-4):263-282.
[19]张燕,潘少明,等.用137Cs计年法确定湖泊沉积物沉积速率研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(6):671-678.
[20]Shcherbak Y M.Ten years of the Chernobyl era[J].Scientific American,1996,274(4):44-49.
[21]陈吉余,杨世伦.中国海滨沼泽的初步研究—纪念竺可桢师诞辰一百张周年[J].地理科学,1990,10(1):58-68.
[22]杨世伦,陈吉余.试论植物在潮滩发育演变中的作用[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(6):631-635.
[23]李华,杨世伦.潮间带盐沼植物对海岸沉积动力过程影响的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(6):583-591.
[24]陈宏友.互花米草在江苏省滩涂开发中的作用[J].水利规划与设计,2009,(4):27-29.
[25]沈永明,张忍顺,等.互花米草盐沼潮沟地貌特征[J].地理研究,2003,22(4):520-527.
[26]张忍顺,沈永明,等.江苏沿海互花米草Spartina alterniflora盐沼的形成过程[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(4):358-366.
[27]王爱军,高抒,等.互花米草对江苏潮滩沉积和地貌演化的影响[J].海洋学报,2006,28(1):92-99.
[28]徐晓军,王华,等.崇明东滩互花米草群落中底栖动物群落动态的初步研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2006,(2):89-95.
[29]虞蔚岩,李朝晖,等.江苏盐城东台互花米草滩涂底栖无脊椎动物的多样性分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,2009,(1):123-128
[30]赵常青,茅志昌,等.长江口崇明东滩冲淤演变分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,2008,(3):27-34.
[31]陈宏友.苏北南通海涂近期冲淤动态及其开发[J].海洋科学,1990,(2):28-35.
[32]冯小铭,韩子章,等.南通地区江海岸线近40年之变迁-江海岸的侵蚀和淤积[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1992,12(2):65-77.
[33]王爱军,高抒,等.江苏王港盐沼的现代沉积速率[J].?地理学报,?2005,60(1):61-70.
[34]李海清,殷勇,等.江苏如东潮滩微地貌及现代沉积速率研究[J].古地理学报,2011,13(2):150-160.
[35]火苗,范代读,等.长江三角洲南汇潮滩沉积速率及其影响因素[J].古地理学报,2011,13(1):111-118.
[36]许世远,陈振楼.中国东部潮滩沉积特征与环境功能[J].云南地理环境研究,1997,9(2):7-11.
[37]王颖,朱大奎,等.潮滩沉积环境与岩相对比研究[J].沉积学报,2003,21(4):539-546.
[38]杜吉净,毛龙江,等.海州湾潮滩岩芯沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义[J].海洋湖沼通报,2016,(1):88-96.
[39]高抒.潮滩沉积记录正演模拟初探[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(5):750-755.
[40]高清清,曹兵,等.南通沿海台风风暴潮分析及其经验预报初探[J].海洋预报,2014,31(1):29-35.
[41]陈聪,陈爱玉,等.近50a南通地区影响台风的时空特征及统计分析[A].2012年第九届长三角气象科技论坛S1灾害天气研究与预报会议论文集[C],镇江,2012年
[42]丁东,尹延鸿,等.渤海沿岸风暴沉积体的研究[J].黄渤海海洋,2000,18(3):1-6.
[43]王建,柏春广,等.2006.江苏中部淤泥质潮滩潮汐层理成因机理和风暴沉积判别标志[J].沉积学报,24(4):562-569.
[44]施雅风,姜彤,等.1840年以来长江大洪水演变与气候变化关系初探[J].湖泊科学,2004,16(4):289-297.
[45]门可佩.长江流域大洪水有序网络结构及其预测研究[J].南京信息工程大学学报,2014,6(2):5-181.
[46]刘长征,王会军,等.东亚季风区夏季风强度和降水的配置关系[J].大气科学,2004,28(5):700-712.
[47]孙颖,丁一汇.未来百年东亚夏季降水和季风预测的研究[J].中国科学(D辑),2009,39(11):1487-1504.
[48]蒲晓强,陶小婉.南黄海部分典型海域沉积物粒度特征[J].海洋科学,2009,33(8):63-66