物质主义价值观与不道德工作行为关系
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摘要
为了探讨物质主义价值观与不道德工作行为的关系,并揭示金钱崇拜心理和马基雅维利主义在其中产生影响作用的内在心理机制,以184名企业员工为对象,采用问卷调查法,进行实证研究。结果表明:1)物质主义价值观与不道德工作行为之间有显著正相关;2)金钱崇拜在物质主义价值观与不道德工作行为之间起调节作用;3)马基雅维利主义在物质主义价值观与不道德工作行为之间起部分中介作用。
To study the relationship between Materialism and unethical work behavior of the employees,and explore the psychological mechanism that Love-of-money and Machiavellianism may influence the relationship between materialism and unethical work behavior,this study selects 184 employees as participants,and studies their relationship.The study shows:1)There is positive correlation between materialism and unethical work behavior.2)Love-of-money mediates the relation between Materialism and unethical behavior.3)Machiavellianism moderates the relationship between Materialism and unethical behavior.
To study the relationship between Materialism and unethical work behavior of the employees,and explore the psychological mechanism that Love-of-money and Machiavellianism may influence the relationship between materialism and unethical work behavior,this study selects 184 employees as participants,and studies their relationship.The study shows:1)There is positive correlation between materialism and unethical work behavior.2)Love-of-money mediates the relation between Materialism and unethical behavior.3)Machiavellianism moderates the relationship between Materialism and unethical behavior.
引文
[1]Laabs J.Being future human resources concerns[J].Personnel Journal,1996,75(1):28.
[2]DeRond M.Business ethics,where do we stand?toward a new inquiry[J].Management Decision,1996,32(4):4-58.
[3]Etzioni A.When it comes to ethics,b-schools get an f[N].The Washington Post,2002-08-04,(B4).
[4]Feiner M.The Feiner points of leadership:The 50basic laws that will make people want to perform better for you[M].New York:Warner Business Books,2004.
[5]Roberts J A,Clement A.Materialism and satisfaction with overall quality of life and eight life domains[J].Social Indicators Research,2007(82):79-92.
[6]Belk R W.Materialism:Trait aspects of living in the material world[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1985(12):265-280.
[7]Richins M L,Dawson S A.Consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement:Scale development and validation[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1992(19):303-316.
[8]Richins M L.Special possessions and the expression of material values[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1994(12):522-533.
[9]Richins M L.Measuring emotions in the consumption experience[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1997(24):127-146.
[10]Locke E A.What is job satisfaction?[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1969(4):09-36.
[11]Mitchell T R,Mickel A E.The meaning of money:an individual difference perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,1999,24(3):568-578.
[12]Sloan A.The jury's in:greed isn't good[J].News Week,2002,37.
[13]Luna-Arocas R,Tang L P.The love of money,satisfaction,and the protestant work ethic:money profiles among university professors in the U.S.A and Spain[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2004,50(4):329-354.
[14]谢延浩,孙建平.金钱崇拜量表(LOMS)信效度研究[J].中国科技论文在线精品论文,2013,6(10):951-957.
[15]Du L Z.Money profiles and unethical activity:An investigation of the money ethic endorsement of managerial staffs in China[J].Modern Management,2001,1(3):156-160.
[16][47]Tang L P T,Chen Y J.Intelligence vs.wisdom:the love of money,Machiavellianism,and unethical behavior across college major and gender[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2008,82(1):1-26.
[17]Tang L P T,Chiu R K.Income,money ethic,pay satisfaction,commitment,and unethical behavior:is the love of money the root of evil for Hong Kong employees?[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2003,46(1):13-30.
[18]Gbadamosi G,Joubert P.Money ethic,moral conduct and work related attitudes:field study from the public sector in Swaziland[J].Journal of Management Development,2005,24(8):754-763.
[19]Sard6oska E G,Tang L P.Work-related behavioral intentions in macedonia:Coping strategies,work environment,love of money,job satisfaction,and demographic variables[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2012,108(3):373-391.
[20]Singhapakdi A,Vitell S J,Lee D J,Nisius A M,Yu G B.The influence of love of money and religiosity on ethical decision-making in marketing[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2013,114(1):183-191.
[21]Tang L P T,Sutarso T,Ansari M A,Lim V K G,Teo T SH,Arias-Galicia F.Monetary intelligence and behavioral economics:the Enron effect-love of money,corporate ethical values,corruption perceptions index(CPI),and dishonesty across 31geopolitical entities[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2015(1):1-19.
[22]Tang L P T.Theory of monetary intelligence:Money attitudes-religious values,making money,making ethical decisions,and making the grade[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2016,133(3):583-603.
[23]Fraedrich J,Ferrell O C,Pride W.An empirical examination of three Machiavellian concepts:Advertisers vs.the general public[J].Journal of Business Ethics,1989,8(9):687-694.
[24]Dahling J J,Whitaker B G,Levy P E.The Development and validation of a new Machiavellianism Scale[J].Journal of Management,2009,35(2):219-257.
[25]Christie R,Geis F L.Studies in machiavellianism[M].New York:Academic Press,1970:106.
[26]Sakalaki M,Richardson C,Thépaut Y.Machiavellianism and economic opportunism[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2007,37(6):1181-1190.
[27]Kish-Gephart J J,Harrison D A,Trevi1o L K.Bad apples,bad cases,and bad barrels:meta-analytic evidence about sources of unethical decisions at work[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2010,95(1):63-75.
[28]Mudrack P E.An investigation into the acceptability of workplace behaviors of a dubious ethical nature[J].Journal of Business Ethics,1993,12(7):517-524.
[29]Granitz N A.Individual,social and organizational sources of sharing and variation in the ethical reasoning of managers[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2003,42(2):101-124.
[30]Moore C,Detert J R,Klebe Trevi1o L,Baker V L,Mayer DM.Why employees do bad things:Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior[J].Personnel Psychology,2012,65(1):1-48.
[31]李静,郭永玉.物质主义及其相关研究[J].心理科学进展,2008,16(4):637-643.
[32]Tang T L P,Sutarso T,Akande A,Allen M W,Alzubaidi AS,Ansari M A,...Cheng B S.The love of money and pay level satisfaction:Measurement and functional equivalence in29geopolitical entities around the world[J].Management and Organization Review,2006,2(3):423-452.
[33]高中华,赵晨.工作场所的组织政治会危害员工绩效吗?---基于个人-组织契合理论的视角[J].心理学报,2014,46(8):1124-1143.
[34]杜林致,乐国安.公务员金钱心理特征与不道德工作行为关系实证研究[J].西北师范大学学报(社会科学版),2010,47(1):90-94.
[35]温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005,37(2):268-274.
[36]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,刘红云.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.
[37]Kasser T,Ryan R M.A dark side of the American dream:Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1993(65):410-422.
[38]Kasser T,Ryan R M,Zax M.The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents'materialistic and prosocial values[J].Developmental Psychology,1995,31(6):907-914.
[39]Cohen P,Cohen J.Life values and adolescent mental health[M].Mahwah,NJ:Lawrence Earlbaum,1996.
[40]Kasser T,Ryan R M.Further examing the American dream differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals[J].Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,1996(22):280-287.
[41]Richins M L,Dawson S A.Consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement:Scale development and validation[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1992(19):303-316.
[42]Kasser T.The high price of materialism[M].Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,2002.
[43]Roberts J A,Clement A.Materialism and satisfaction with overall quality of life and eight life domains[J].Social Indicators Research,2007(82):79-92.
[44]Kasser T,Sheldon K M,Heldon K M.Wealth and death:materialism,mortality salience,and consumption behavior[J].Psychological Science,2000(11):352-355.
[45]张恒力,许沐轩,王昊.工程伦理中“道德敏感性”的评价与测度[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):15-22.
[46]费斯汀格.认知失调理论[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1999.
[47]Bennett R J,Robinson S L.Development of a measure of workplace deviance[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2000,85(3):349-360.
[48]Giacalone R A.A transcendent business education for the 21st century[J].Academy of Management Learning&Education,2004,3(4):415-420.
[49]Zagenczyk T J,Restubog S L D,Kiewitz C,Kiazad K,Tang R.Psychological contracts as a mediator between Machiavellianism and employee citizenship and deviant behaviors[J].Journal of Management,2014,40(4):1098-1122.
[2]DeRond M.Business ethics,where do we stand?toward a new inquiry[J].Management Decision,1996,32(4):4-58.
[3]Etzioni A.When it comes to ethics,b-schools get an f[N].The Washington Post,2002-08-04,(B4).
[4]Feiner M.The Feiner points of leadership:The 50basic laws that will make people want to perform better for you[M].New York:Warner Business Books,2004.
[5]Roberts J A,Clement A.Materialism and satisfaction with overall quality of life and eight life domains[J].Social Indicators Research,2007(82):79-92.
[6]Belk R W.Materialism:Trait aspects of living in the material world[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1985(12):265-280.
[7]Richins M L,Dawson S A.Consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement:Scale development and validation[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1992(19):303-316.
[8]Richins M L.Special possessions and the expression of material values[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1994(12):522-533.
[9]Richins M L.Measuring emotions in the consumption experience[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1997(24):127-146.
[10]Locke E A.What is job satisfaction?[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1969(4):09-36.
[11]Mitchell T R,Mickel A E.The meaning of money:an individual difference perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,1999,24(3):568-578.
[12]Sloan A.The jury's in:greed isn't good[J].News Week,2002,37.
[13]Luna-Arocas R,Tang L P.The love of money,satisfaction,and the protestant work ethic:money profiles among university professors in the U.S.A and Spain[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2004,50(4):329-354.
[14]谢延浩,孙建平.金钱崇拜量表(LOMS)信效度研究[J].中国科技论文在线精品论文,2013,6(10):951-957.
[15]Du L Z.Money profiles and unethical activity:An investigation of the money ethic endorsement of managerial staffs in China[J].Modern Management,2001,1(3):156-160.
[16][47]Tang L P T,Chen Y J.Intelligence vs.wisdom:the love of money,Machiavellianism,and unethical behavior across college major and gender[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2008,82(1):1-26.
[17]Tang L P T,Chiu R K.Income,money ethic,pay satisfaction,commitment,and unethical behavior:is the love of money the root of evil for Hong Kong employees?[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2003,46(1):13-30.
[18]Gbadamosi G,Joubert P.Money ethic,moral conduct and work related attitudes:field study from the public sector in Swaziland[J].Journal of Management Development,2005,24(8):754-763.
[19]Sard6oska E G,Tang L P.Work-related behavioral intentions in macedonia:Coping strategies,work environment,love of money,job satisfaction,and demographic variables[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2012,108(3):373-391.
[20]Singhapakdi A,Vitell S J,Lee D J,Nisius A M,Yu G B.The influence of love of money and religiosity on ethical decision-making in marketing[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2013,114(1):183-191.
[21]Tang L P T,Sutarso T,Ansari M A,Lim V K G,Teo T SH,Arias-Galicia F.Monetary intelligence and behavioral economics:the Enron effect-love of money,corporate ethical values,corruption perceptions index(CPI),and dishonesty across 31geopolitical entities[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2015(1):1-19.
[22]Tang L P T.Theory of monetary intelligence:Money attitudes-religious values,making money,making ethical decisions,and making the grade[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2016,133(3):583-603.
[23]Fraedrich J,Ferrell O C,Pride W.An empirical examination of three Machiavellian concepts:Advertisers vs.the general public[J].Journal of Business Ethics,1989,8(9):687-694.
[24]Dahling J J,Whitaker B G,Levy P E.The Development and validation of a new Machiavellianism Scale[J].Journal of Management,2009,35(2):219-257.
[25]Christie R,Geis F L.Studies in machiavellianism[M].New York:Academic Press,1970:106.
[26]Sakalaki M,Richardson C,Thépaut Y.Machiavellianism and economic opportunism[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2007,37(6):1181-1190.
[27]Kish-Gephart J J,Harrison D A,Trevi1o L K.Bad apples,bad cases,and bad barrels:meta-analytic evidence about sources of unethical decisions at work[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2010,95(1):63-75.
[28]Mudrack P E.An investigation into the acceptability of workplace behaviors of a dubious ethical nature[J].Journal of Business Ethics,1993,12(7):517-524.
[29]Granitz N A.Individual,social and organizational sources of sharing and variation in the ethical reasoning of managers[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2003,42(2):101-124.
[30]Moore C,Detert J R,Klebe Trevi1o L,Baker V L,Mayer DM.Why employees do bad things:Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior[J].Personnel Psychology,2012,65(1):1-48.
[31]李静,郭永玉.物质主义及其相关研究[J].心理科学进展,2008,16(4):637-643.
[32]Tang T L P,Sutarso T,Akande A,Allen M W,Alzubaidi AS,Ansari M A,...Cheng B S.The love of money and pay level satisfaction:Measurement and functional equivalence in29geopolitical entities around the world[J].Management and Organization Review,2006,2(3):423-452.
[33]高中华,赵晨.工作场所的组织政治会危害员工绩效吗?---基于个人-组织契合理论的视角[J].心理学报,2014,46(8):1124-1143.
[34]杜林致,乐国安.公务员金钱心理特征与不道德工作行为关系实证研究[J].西北师范大学学报(社会科学版),2010,47(1):90-94.
[35]温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005,37(2):268-274.
[36]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,刘红云.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.
[37]Kasser T,Ryan R M.A dark side of the American dream:Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1993(65):410-422.
[38]Kasser T,Ryan R M,Zax M.The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents'materialistic and prosocial values[J].Developmental Psychology,1995,31(6):907-914.
[39]Cohen P,Cohen J.Life values and adolescent mental health[M].Mahwah,NJ:Lawrence Earlbaum,1996.
[40]Kasser T,Ryan R M.Further examing the American dream differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals[J].Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,1996(22):280-287.
[41]Richins M L,Dawson S A.Consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement:Scale development and validation[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1992(19):303-316.
[42]Kasser T.The high price of materialism[M].Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,2002.
[43]Roberts J A,Clement A.Materialism and satisfaction with overall quality of life and eight life domains[J].Social Indicators Research,2007(82):79-92.
[44]Kasser T,Sheldon K M,Heldon K M.Wealth and death:materialism,mortality salience,and consumption behavior[J].Psychological Science,2000(11):352-355.
[45]张恒力,许沐轩,王昊.工程伦理中“道德敏感性”的评价与测度[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):15-22.
[46]费斯汀格.认知失调理论[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1999.
[47]Bennett R J,Robinson S L.Development of a measure of workplace deviance[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2000,85(3):349-360.
[48]Giacalone R A.A transcendent business education for the 21st century[J].Academy of Management Learning&Education,2004,3(4):415-420.
[49]Zagenczyk T J,Restubog S L D,Kiewitz C,Kiazad K,Tang R.Psychological contracts as a mediator between Machiavellianism and employee citizenship and deviant behaviors[J].Journal of Management,2014,40(4):1098-1122.