内蒙古地带性针茅植物15种营养元素含量及化学计量特征分析
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摘要
通过对植物体内矿质平衡离子成分及含量特征研究,认识植物体内养分间交互作用,对研究草原植物各种逆境适应、矿质离子平衡及相关调控基因控制网络等具有重要作用.基于内蒙古不同草原类型,以针茅属(Stipa Linn.)植物为禾本科类的代表,研究地带性针茅植物叶片15种营养元素(7种大量元素C、N、P、K、Mg、Ca、S和8种微量元素B、Mn、Fe、Na、Zn、Cu、Ni、Mo)含量特征及元素间的相互关系.结果表明:西北针茅、大针茅、短花针茅和石生针茅等植物叶片中大量元素和微量元素含量均值分布格局基本相似,总体表现为C>N>K>S>Mg>P>Ca>Na>Mn>Fe>Zn>Ni>Cu>B>Mo. 4种针茅植物中大量元素P、K、Ca和微量元素Mn、Fe、Mo含量均有显著性差异(P<0.05),其它元素如N、Mg、Cu、Ni等无显著差异(P>0.05);4种针茅植物元素的相关性分析表明,营养元素之间的相关系数在较大范围内波动,不同元素之间的相互关系复杂,由15种营养元素组成的105对元素对中,有25对元素有显著相关(P<0.05),占总数的20%;以主成分分析(PCA)对叶片多种元素之间的相互关系作进一步分析,提取了变异较大且解释率高的4个主成分轴,大量元素和微量元素在主成分图中呈现出分布的差异性聚类;而对多种元素的聚类分析,可以将营养元素归为两大类,第1大类包括C、N、P、K、S等,共同决定着植物的生长、发育与繁殖等生理生态过程,第2大类包括大量元素Mg、Ca和微量元素B、Mn、Na、Fe、Cu、Ni、Mo,这类元素作为辅基参与电子传递和生化反应,与植物生长和生境适应有关.
That studying the mineral ion balance and stoichiometry characteristics of plants, can help us to understand the interaction between nutrients in plants, which plays an important role in the research of stress adaptations, mineral ion balance and related regulatory gene control networks of grassland plants. Based on different grassland types in Inner Mongolia, Stipa Linn., as a representative of gramineous plants, was used to determine the content of 15 nutrients in the leaves of the grass(7 macro-elements C, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S and 8 micro-elements B, Mn, Fe, Na, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo), and the stoichiometric characteristics of these elements and the interactive relationship between the elements. The results showed that: There was similar pattern of macro-and micro-elements distribution in the leaves of S. sareptanai, S. grandis, S. breviflora, and S. tianschanica, and the mean content of these mineral elements showed the change of C>N>K>S>Mg>P>Ca>Na>Mn>Fe>Zn>Ni>Cu>B>Mo. Between the four Stipa plants the content of P, K, Ca macro-elements and Mn, Fe and Mo microelements were significant different(P<0.05), and other elements such as N, Mg, Cu, Ni, etc. did not show significant difference(P>0.05). The correlation analysis of the elements of the four Stipa plants showed that the coefficience of the nutrient elements was in a wide range of fluctuations, and the interrelationships between different elements were complex, among the 105 pairs of 15 nutrients, 25 pairs were significantly related(P<0.05),accounting for 20%. The Principal Component Analysis(PCA) of the inter-relationship between various elements of the leaf could extract four principal component axes with large variation and high interpretation rate, and macroelements and micro-elements exhibit differential clustering distribution in the principal component axes. The cluster analysis of various elements could classify the nutrients into two categories. The first category was a included in C, N, P, K, S, etc., which together determined the physiological and ecological processes of plant growth, development and reproduction. And the second category included macro-elements Mg, Ca and microelements B, Mn, Na, Fe, Cu, Ni, Mo, as a prosthetic group involved in electron transport and biochemical reactions, and plant growth and habitat adaptation.
That studying the mineral ion balance and stoichiometry characteristics of plants, can help us to understand the interaction between nutrients in plants, which plays an important role in the research of stress adaptations, mineral ion balance and related regulatory gene control networks of grassland plants. Based on different grassland types in Inner Mongolia, Stipa Linn., as a representative of gramineous plants, was used to determine the content of 15 nutrients in the leaves of the grass(7 macro-elements C, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S and 8 micro-elements B, Mn, Fe, Na, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo), and the stoichiometric characteristics of these elements and the interactive relationship between the elements. The results showed that: There was similar pattern of macro-and micro-elements distribution in the leaves of S. sareptanai, S. grandis, S. breviflora, and S. tianschanica, and the mean content of these mineral elements showed the change of C>N>K>S>Mg>P>Ca>Na>Mn>Fe>Zn>Ni>Cu>B>Mo. Between the four Stipa plants the content of P, K, Ca macro-elements and Mn, Fe and Mo microelements were significant different(P<0.05), and other elements such as N, Mg, Cu, Ni, etc. did not show significant difference(P>0.05). The correlation analysis of the elements of the four Stipa plants showed that the coefficience of the nutrient elements was in a wide range of fluctuations, and the interrelationships between different elements were complex, among the 105 pairs of 15 nutrients, 25 pairs were significantly related(P<0.05),accounting for 20%. The Principal Component Analysis(PCA) of the inter-relationship between various elements of the leaf could extract four principal component axes with large variation and high interpretation rate, and macroelements and micro-elements exhibit differential clustering distribution in the principal component axes. The cluster analysis of various elements could classify the nutrients into two categories. The first category was a included in C, N, P, K, S, etc., which together determined the physiological and ecological processes of plant growth, development and reproduction. And the second category included macro-elements Mg, Ca and microelements B, Mn, Na, Fe, Cu, Ni, Mo, as a prosthetic group involved in electron transport and biochemical reactions, and plant growth and habitat adaptation.
引文
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[16]孔令韶,王其兵,郭柯.内蒙古阿拉善地区植物元素含量特征及数量分析[J].植物学报,2001,43(5):534-540.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1672-9072.2001.05.014.Kong L S,Wang Q B,Guo K.Characteristics and quantitative analysis of elements in plants in Alashan area,Nei Mongol[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2001,43(5):534-540.
[17]Wu J,Zhang Q,Li A,et al.Historical landscape dynamics of Inner Mongolia:patterns,drivers,and impacts[J].Landscope Ecology,2015,30(9):1 579-1 598.
[18]刘茂桥,潘学军,张文娥,等.铁核桃叶片主要矿质营养元素含量与生育期动态变化特征[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(1):162-170.Liu M Q,Pan X J,Zhang W E,et al.Dynamic changes of leaves'main mineral elements in Juglans sigillata growth period[J].Journal of Yunnan University:Natural Sciences Edition,2016,38(1):162-170.
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[23]耿元波,章申,董云社,等.Fe、Mn、Cu在锡林河流域温带草原植被中的含量特征[J].地理研究,2005,24(3):379-386.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2005.03.006.Geng Y B,Zhang S,Dong Y S,et al.The content characteristics on Fe,Mn and Cu in the grassland vegetation of Xilin River Basin[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(3):379-386.
[24]邓蕾,王鸿喆,上官周平,等.水蚀风蚀交错区柠条锦鸡儿叶片比叶面积和营养元素变化动态[J].生态学报,2010,30(18):4 889-4 897.Deng L,Wang H Z,Shangguang Z P,et al.Variations of specific leaf area and nutrients of Chinese caragana in the Loess Plateau region suffering both wind and water erosions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(18):4 889-4 897.
[25]Ozier-Lafontaine H,Lesueur-Jannoyer M.Sustainable agriculture reviews 14:agroecology and global change[M].Springer,2014.
[26]沙之敏,赵峥,卢琳芳,等.植物离子组学研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(5):1 370-1 377.Sha Z M,Zhao Z,Lu L F,et al.Research progress on ionomics of plants[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(5):1 370-1 377.
[27]Sterner R W,Elser J J.Ecological stoichiometry:the biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere[M].Princeton,New Jersey:Princeton University Press,2002.
[28]?gren G I.The C:N:P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations[J].Ecology Letters,2004,7(3):185-191.
[29]Vitousek P.Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency[J].The American Naturalist,1982,119(4):553-572.DOI:10.1086/283931.
[30]Aerts R,Chapin F S.The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:a re-evaluation of processes and patterns[J].Advances in Ecological Research,2000,30:1-67.
[31]曾德慧,陈广生.生态化学计量学:复杂生命系统奥秘的探索[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(6):1 007-1 019.Zeng D H,Chen G S.Ecological stoichiometry:A science to explore the complexity of living systems[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2005,29(6):1 007-1019.
[32]Koerselman W,Meuleman A F M.The vegetation N:Pratio:a new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1996,33(6):1 441-1 450.DOI:10.2307/2404783.
[33]Elser J J,Fagan W F,Denno R F,et al.Nutritional constraints in terrestrial and freshwater food webs[J].Nature,2000,408:578-580.DOI:10.1038/35046058.
[34]Güsewell S.N:P ratios in terrestrial plants:variation and functional significance[J].New Phytologist,2004,164(2):243-266.DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01192.x.
[35]Niinemetsü,Kull K.Co-limitation of plant primary productivity by nitrogen and phosphorus in a speciesrich wooded meadow on calcareous soils[J].Acta Oecologica,2005,28(3):345-356.DOI:10.1016/j.actao.2005.06.003.
[2]Taiz L,Zeiger E.Plant physiology[M].5th ed.Sunderland,Massachusetts:Sinauer Associates,2010.
[3]Vile D,Garnier E,Shipley B,et al.Specific leaf area and dry matter content estimate thickness in laminar leaves[J].Annals of botany,2005,96(6):1 129-1 136.DOI:10.1093/aob/mci264.
[4]袁吉有,欧阳志云,郑华,等.科尔沁沙地不同恢复方式下生态系统营养元素积累与分配特征[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2018,40(3):795-803.Yan J Y,Ouyang Z Y,Zheng H,et al.Nutrient elements'accumulation and distribution pattern of different grassland restoration approaches in Horqin sandy land[J].Journal of Yunnan University:Natural Sciences Edition,2018,40(3):795-803.
[5]Bai Y,Wu J,Clark C M,et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:Evidence from inner Mongolia Grasslands[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(1):358 -372.DOI:10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486.
[6]Quan Q,He N P,Zhang Z,et al.Nitrogen enrichment and grazing accelerate vegetation restoration in degraded grassland patches[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,75:172-177.DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.11.053.
[7]Arnon D I,Stout P R.The essentiality of certain elements in minute quantity for plants with special reference to copper[J].Plant Physiology,1939,14(2):371-375.DOI:10.1104/pp.14.2.371.
[8]刘碧荣,王常慧,张丽华,等.氮素添加和刈割对内蒙古弃耕草地土壤氮矿化的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(19):6 335-6 343.Liu B R,Wang C H,Zhang L H,et al.Effect of nitrogen addition and mowing on soil nitrogen mineralization in abandoned grasslands in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(19):6 335-6 343.
[9]彭江涛,朱宗元,梁存柱,等.中国针茅属植物系统发育与空间分异研究进展[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(9):165-170.Peng J T,Zhu Z Y,Liang C Z,et al.The study progress on the phylogeny and spatial distribution of Stipa genus in China[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(9):165-170.
[10]Du Y,Pan G,Li L,et al.Leaf N/P ratio and nutrient reuse between dominant species and stands:predicting phosphorus deficiencies in Karst ecosystems,Southwestern China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64(2):299-309.DOI:10.1007/s12665-010-0847-1.
[11]Kirkby C A,Richardson A E,Wade L J,et al.Carbonnutrient stoichiometry to increase soil carbon sequestration[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,60:77-86.DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.011.
[12]Li X,Liu J,Fan J,et al.Combined effects of nitrogen addition and litter manipulation on nutrient resorption of Leymus chinensis in a semi-arid grassland of northern China[J].Plant Biology,2015,17(1):9-15.DOI:10.1111/plb.12172.
[13]Tang Z,Xu W,Zhou G,et al.Patterns of plant carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus concentration in relation to productivity in China's terrestrial ecosystems[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2018,115(16):4 033-4 038.DOI:10.1073/pnas.1700295114.
[14]母悦,耿元波.内蒙古羊草草原植物营养元素的含量特征[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(7):1 118-1 124.Mu Y,Geng Y B.The element content characteristics of main species in Leymus Chinensis grassland in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(7):1 118-1 124.
[15]刘颖,李景峰,嘎日迪,等.ICP-AES法测定内蒙古地区六种沙生木本植物中金属元素[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(2):344-347.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0593.2006.02.039.Liu Y,Li J F,Ga R D,et al.Determination of metal elements in six kinds of desert plants in Inner Mongolia by ICP-AES[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2006,26(2):344-347.
[16]孔令韶,王其兵,郭柯.内蒙古阿拉善地区植物元素含量特征及数量分析[J].植物学报,2001,43(5):534-540.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1672-9072.2001.05.014.Kong L S,Wang Q B,Guo K.Characteristics and quantitative analysis of elements in plants in Alashan area,Nei Mongol[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2001,43(5):534-540.
[17]Wu J,Zhang Q,Li A,et al.Historical landscape dynamics of Inner Mongolia:patterns,drivers,and impacts[J].Landscope Ecology,2015,30(9):1 579-1 598.
[18]刘茂桥,潘学军,张文娥,等.铁核桃叶片主要矿质营养元素含量与生育期动态变化特征[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(1):162-170.Liu M Q,Pan X J,Zhang W E,et al.Dynamic changes of leaves'main mineral elements in Juglans sigillata growth period[J].Journal of Yunnan University:Natural Sciences Edition,2016,38(1):162-170.
[19]Olde Venterink H,Wassen M J,Verkroost A W M,et al.Species richness-productivity patterns differ between N-,P-,and K-limited wetlands[J].Ecology,2003,84(8):2 191-2 199.DOI:10.1890/01-0639.
[20]Mengel K,Kirkby E A.Principles of Plant Nutrition[M].4th ed.Bern,Switzerland:International Potash Institute,1987.
[21]Epstein E,Bloom A J.Mineral nutrition of plants:principles and perspectives[M].2nd ed.Sunderland:Sinauer Associates,Inc.,2005.
[22]潘瑞炽,王小菁,李娘辉.植物生理学[M].6版.北京:高等教育出版社,2008.Pang R Z,Wang X Q,Li N H.Plant physiology[M].6th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008.
[23]耿元波,章申,董云社,等.Fe、Mn、Cu在锡林河流域温带草原植被中的含量特征[J].地理研究,2005,24(3):379-386.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2005.03.006.Geng Y B,Zhang S,Dong Y S,et al.The content characteristics on Fe,Mn and Cu in the grassland vegetation of Xilin River Basin[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(3):379-386.
[24]邓蕾,王鸿喆,上官周平,等.水蚀风蚀交错区柠条锦鸡儿叶片比叶面积和营养元素变化动态[J].生态学报,2010,30(18):4 889-4 897.Deng L,Wang H Z,Shangguang Z P,et al.Variations of specific leaf area and nutrients of Chinese caragana in the Loess Plateau region suffering both wind and water erosions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(18):4 889-4 897.
[25]Ozier-Lafontaine H,Lesueur-Jannoyer M.Sustainable agriculture reviews 14:agroecology and global change[M].Springer,2014.
[26]沙之敏,赵峥,卢琳芳,等.植物离子组学研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(5):1 370-1 377.Sha Z M,Zhao Z,Lu L F,et al.Research progress on ionomics of plants[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(5):1 370-1 377.
[27]Sterner R W,Elser J J.Ecological stoichiometry:the biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere[M].Princeton,New Jersey:Princeton University Press,2002.
[28]?gren G I.The C:N:P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations[J].Ecology Letters,2004,7(3):185-191.
[29]Vitousek P.Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency[J].The American Naturalist,1982,119(4):553-572.DOI:10.1086/283931.
[30]Aerts R,Chapin F S.The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:a re-evaluation of processes and patterns[J].Advances in Ecological Research,2000,30:1-67.
[31]曾德慧,陈广生.生态化学计量学:复杂生命系统奥秘的探索[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(6):1 007-1 019.Zeng D H,Chen G S.Ecological stoichiometry:A science to explore the complexity of living systems[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2005,29(6):1 007-1019.
[32]Koerselman W,Meuleman A F M.The vegetation N:Pratio:a new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1996,33(6):1 441-1 450.DOI:10.2307/2404783.
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