白三叶降解对陕西地区苹果园土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
为了解白三叶(Trifolium repens)降解对苹果园土壤酶活性的影响,在苹果典型优生区—陕西的洛川和旬邑苹果园中进行白三叶埋置降解试验,研究白三叶降解后对不同地区苹果园土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,苹果园中埋置白三叶后,除降解3个月时的碱性磷酸酶活性和旬邑降解6个月时的脲酶活性无变化外,其余处理的蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性均显著提高(P <0.05);在白三叶埋置6个月后,土壤蛋白酶和碱性磷酸酶活性增加幅度大;埋置的白三叶降解后对不同地区苹果园土壤酶活性影响不同,对洛川苹果园的影响较旬邑苹果园大;相关性分析表明,土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶之间存在显著的正相关。说明埋置的白三叶降解可以提高土壤酶的活性,在一定程度上改善土壤理化性质,但此作用与苹果栽培地区和白三叶降解时间有一定的关系。
To determine the effects of white clover(Trifolium repens) degradation on soil enzyme activities in apple orchards, protease, urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities in soil were detected after white clover was cut and buried in an apple orchard in Luochuan and Xunyi in Shaanxi province. Results show that the activities of soil enzymes, including protease, urease, sucrase, and phosphatase, significantly increased after the buried white clover was degraded(P < 0.05),except for phosphatase activity after 3 months of degradation and urease activity in Xunyi after 6 months of degradation.Increases in protease and phosphatase activities were greatest after 6 months of degradation. The effect of buried white clover degradation on the activity of soil enzymes varied spatially, with stronger effects observed in the Luochuan orchard.Correlational analyses of 4 enzyme activities showed a significant positive correlation between urease and sucrase. In conclusion, degradation of buried white clover can increase soil enzyme activities and improve physicochemical properties of soil. However, the effect of buried white clover is related to the planting apple site and white clover degradation time.
To determine the effects of white clover(Trifolium repens) degradation on soil enzyme activities in apple orchards, protease, urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities in soil were detected after white clover was cut and buried in an apple orchard in Luochuan and Xunyi in Shaanxi province. Results show that the activities of soil enzymes, including protease, urease, sucrase, and phosphatase, significantly increased after the buried white clover was degraded(P < 0.05),except for phosphatase activity after 3 months of degradation and urease activity in Xunyi after 6 months of degradation.Increases in protease and phosphatase activities were greatest after 6 months of degradation. The effect of buried white clover degradation on the activity of soil enzymes varied spatially, with stronger effects observed in the Luochuan orchard.Correlational analyses of 4 enzyme activities showed a significant positive correlation between urease and sucrase. In conclusion, degradation of buried white clover can increase soil enzyme activities and improve physicochemical properties of soil. However, the effect of buried white clover is related to the planting apple site and white clover degradation time.
引文
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[4]李明霞,杜社妮,白岗栓,方静玲,刘静.渭北黄土高原苹果生产中的问题及解决方案.水土保持研究,2010,17(4):252-257.LI M X,DU S N,BAI S G,FANG J L,LIU J.Problems and solutions of apple production in Weibie Loess Plateau.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(4):252-257.
[5]DAVID C,WEI J,TONG Y,YU G,SHEN Q,CHEN Q.Improving manure nutrient management towards sustainable agricultural intensification in China.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,209:34-46.
[6]耿增超,张立新,张朝阳,赵二龙,李生秀.旱地果园水肥管理模式研究进展.水土保持研究,2004,11(1):101-105.GENG Z C,ZHANG L X,ZHANG C Y,ZHAO E L,LI S X.Advance in study of management patterns of water and fertilizer in apple orchard in dryland.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(1):101-105.
[7]寇建村,杨文权,韩明玉,陈奥,李冰,张维.我国果园生草研究进展.草业科学,2010,27(7):154-159.KOU J C,YANG W Q,HAN M Y,CHEN A,LI B,ZHANG W.Research progress on interplanting grass in apple orchard in China.Pratacultural Science,2010,27(7):154-159.
[8]陈法霖,郑华,阳柏苏,欧阳志云,张凯,肖燚,屠乃美.中亚热带几种针、阔叶树种凋落物混合分解对土壤微生物群落碳代谢多样性的影响.生态学报,2011,31(11):3027-3035.CHEN F L,ZHENG H,YANG B S,OUYANG Z Y,ZHANG K,XIAO Y,TU N M.The decomposition of coniferous and broadleaf mixed litters significantly changes the carbon metabolism diversity of soil microbial communities in subtropical area,southern China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(11):3027-3035.
[9]SHAHBAZ M,KUZYAKOV Y,SANAULLAH M,HEITKAMP F,ZELENEV V,KUMAR A,BLAGODATSKAYA E.Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter is mediated by quality and quantity of crop residues:mechanisms and thresholds.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2017,53(3):287-301.
[10]MANGALASSERY S,MOONEY S J,SPARKES D L,FRASER W T,SJ?GERSTEN S.Impacts of zero tillage on soil enzyme activities,microbial characteristics and organic matter functional chemistry in temperate soils.European Journal of Soil Biology,2015,68(6):9-17.
[11]张东来,毛子军,张玲,朱胜英.森林凋落物分解过程中酶活性研究进展.林业科学,2006,42(1):105-109.ZHANG D L,MAO Z J,ZHANG L,ZHU S Y.Advances of enzyme activities in the process of litter decomposition.Scinetia Silvae Sinicae,2006,42(1):105-109.
[12]DINDAR E,FO?,BASKAYA H S.Evaluation of soil enzyme activities as soil quality indicators in sludge-amended soils.Journal of Environmental Biology,2015,36(4):919-926.
[13]LIU G,ZHANG X,WANG X,SHAO H,YANG J,WANG X.Soil enzymes as indicators of saline soil fertility under various soil amendments.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2017,237(1):274-279.
[14]谭向平,和文祥,杨静,孔龙,王旭东,郝明德.渭北旱塬苹果园土壤酶特征研究.园艺学报,2011,38(4):621-630.TAN X P,HE W X,YANG J,KONG L,WANG X D,HAO M D.Characteristics of enzyme activities in apple orchard soil inWeibei arid region.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2011,38(4):621-630.
[15]CALDWELL B A.Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity:A review.Pedobiologia,2005,49(6):637-644.
[16]MAKOI J,NDAKIDEMI P A.Selected soil enzymes:Examples of their potential roles in the ecosystem.African Journal of Biotechnology,2008,7(3):181-191.
[17]万忠梅,吴景贵.土壤酶活性影响因子研究进展.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6):87-91.WAN Z M,WU J G.Study progress on factors affecting soil enzyme activity.Journal of Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry(Natural Science Edition),2005,33(6):87-91.
[18]GARCíA-PALACIOS P,MAESTRE F T,KATTGE J,WALL D H.Climate and litter quality differently modulate the effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition across biomes.Ecology Letters,2013,16(8):1045-1053.
[19]GUO L J,ZHANG Z S,WANG D D,LI C F,CAO C G.Effects of short-term conservation management practices on soil organic carbon fractions and microbial community composition under a rice-wheat rotation system.Biology&Fertility of Soils,2015,51(1):65-75.
[20]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法.北京:农业出版社,1986:275-332.GUAN S Y.Soil Enzyme and Its Research Methods.Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986:275-332.
[21]NANNIPIERI P,TRASAR-CEPEDA C.Soil enzyme activity:a brief history and biochemistry as a basis for appropriate interpretations and meta-analysis.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2018,54(1):11-19.
[22]蒋向,任洪志,贺德先.玉米秸秆还田对土壤理化性状与小麦生长发育和产量的影响研究进展.麦类作物学报,2011,31(3):569-574.JIANG X,REN H Y,HE D X.Research progress on effects returning maize straws into soil on soil physical&chemical characters and on development and yield of wheat as succeeding crop.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2011,31(3):569-574.
[23]郑思俊,张庆费,吴海萍,夏檑.上海外环线绿地群落凋落物对土壤水分物理性质的影响.生态学杂志,2008,27(7):1122-1126.ZHENG S J,ZHANG Q F,WU H P,XIA L.Effects of greenbelt plant communities’litterfalls in Shanghai Outer Ring on soil water physical properties.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(7):1122-1126.
[24]谢泽宇,罗珠珠,李玲玲,蔡立群,张仁陟,牛伊宁,赵靖静.黄土高原不同粮草种植模式土壤碳氮及土壤酶活性.草业科学,2017,34(11):2191-2199.XIE Z Y,LUO Z Z,LI L L,CAI L Q,ZHANG R Z,NIU Y N,ZHAO J J.Soil carbon and nitrogen and soil enzyme activities of different forage planting models on the Loess Plateau.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(11):2191-2199.
[25]魏小星.青海湖东沙化治理过程中土壤酶活性及养分含量特征.草业科学,2017,34(7):1408-1418.WEI X X.Soil nutrient content and the activities of soil enzymes during the desertification restoration process to the east of Qinghai Lake.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(7):1408-1418.
[26]SINGH Y,SINGH B,LADHA J K,KHIND C S,KHERA T S,BUENO C S.Effects of residue decomposition on productivity and soil fertility in rice-wheat rotation.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(3):854-864.
[27]ZHONG W H,GU T,WANG W,ZHANG B,LIN X,HUANG Q,SHEN W.The effects of mineral fertilizer and organic manure on soil microbial community and diversity.Plant and Soil,2010,326(1/2):511-522.
[28]LEPLEUX C,UROZ S,COLLIGNON C,CHURIN J L,TURPAULT M P,FREY-KLETT P.A short-term mineral amendment impacts the mineral weathering bacterial communities in an acidic forest soil.Research in Microbiology,2013,164(7):729-739.
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