西安地区土壤浅层温度变化特征
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摘要
利用西安地区1961-2017年的逐月5、10、15、20cm浅层地温观测数据,采用气候诊断方法,研究了西安地区土壤浅层温度的时间变化趋势,以及地温随土层深度的变化特征,探讨了影响地温变化因素。结果表明:西安地区各浅层年季平均地温有显著上升趋势,以郊区地温变化率最大,城区地温变化率较小,地温随土层深度变化有差异。土层越深,趋势率越小,春夏两季地温随土层深度增加而下降,秋冬两季土层深度越深而地温越高。同时也检测出地温具有周期、突变及异常特征。分析认为气温升高是影响地温变化的主要因素,下垫面性质及地热传导与地温的空间变化有密切关系。
Based on the 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm shallow ground temperature observation data of four meteorological observation stations in Xi'an from 1961 to 2017, using climate tendency rate, MK test and wavelet analysis methods, the trends, mutation characteristics, abnormal years and periodic characteristics of shallow ground temperature were analyzed. The results show that the annual average shallow ground temperature of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm in Xi'an area were increasing significantly with the increase of soil depth in the vertical direction. The ground temperature in spring and summer decreased with the increase of soil depth, but were increasing with the increase of soil depth in autumn and winter. At the same time, the ground temperature showed periodicity, mutation and abnormal characteristics. The analysis shows that the temperature, underlying surface properties and geothermal conduction had a great influence on the ground temperature.
Based on the 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm shallow ground temperature observation data of four meteorological observation stations in Xi'an from 1961 to 2017, using climate tendency rate, MK test and wavelet analysis methods, the trends, mutation characteristics, abnormal years and periodic characteristics of shallow ground temperature were analyzed. The results show that the annual average shallow ground temperature of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm in Xi'an area were increasing significantly with the increase of soil depth in the vertical direction. The ground temperature in spring and summer decreased with the increase of soil depth, but were increasing with the increase of soil depth in autumn and winter. At the same time, the ground temperature showed periodicity, mutation and abnormal characteristics. The analysis shows that the temperature, underlying surface properties and geothermal conduction had a great influence on the ground temperature.
引文
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[2] Liu Y G,Wang,NL,Wang L G,Guo Z M,Wu X B.Variation of cloud amount over China and the relationship with ENSO from 1951 to 2014[J].International of Journal of Climatology,2016,36:2931-2941.
[3] Liu Y G,Guo Z M,Zhou Q,Wu X B,He J Q.Climate characteristics of the first date of ≤0 ℃ temperature in West China[J].Arctic,Antarctic,and Alpine Research,2015,47(2):83-93.
[4] 汤懋苍,孙淑华,钟强,等.下垫面能量储放与天气变化[J].高原气象,1982,1(1):24-33.
[5] IPCC.IPCC Third Assessment Report-Climate Change 2001[R].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001:385-386.
[6] 裴洪芹,孙成武,吴凌志.近48年临沂浅层地温的变化特征[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(增1):38-41.
[7] 胡军,杜军,边多,等.西藏地温的年际和年代际变化[J].地理学报,2007,62(9):925-934.
[8] 陈超,周广胜.1961-2010年阿拉善左旗气温和地温的变化特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(1):91-103.
[9] 强玉柱,蒲金涌,刘扬,马杰,王小龙.天水市近50年浅层地温变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(35):317-322.
[10] Gilichinsky D A,Barry R G,Bykhovets S S,et al.A century of temperature observations of soil climate:methods of analysis and long-term trends[A]// Lewkowicz A G,Allard M.Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Permafrost[C].Yellowknife,Canada,1998:313-317.
[11] Haeberli W,Hoclzle M,Keller F.Monitoring the long-term revolution of mountain permafrost in the Swiss Alps[A]// Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Permafrost[C].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,1993:214-219.
[12] Osterkamp T E,Romanovsky V E.Evidence for warming and thawing of discontinuous permafrost in Alaska[J].Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,1999,10(1):17-37.
[13] Hu Q,Feng S.A daily soil temperature dataset and soil temperature climatology of the contiguous United States[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,2003,42:1139-1156.
[14] 李栋梁,钟海玲,吴青柏,等.青藏高原地表温度的变化分析[J].高原气象,2005,24(3):291-298.
[15] 杨平,陈少华,顾欣.近50年黔东南浅层地温时空变化特征分析[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,37(11):54-58.
[16] 周绍毅,劳炜,苏志,等.1961-2010年广西浅层地温变化特征[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(4):1372-1375.
[17] 车慧正,张小曳,李杨,等.过去50年西安气候演变趋势的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19 (7):96-100.
[18] 翟园.西安地区降水和温度变化特征研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[19] 刘鸿俊.西安地区地温分布及地热异常分析[J].西安地质学院学报,1985,7(2):61-63.