不同林龄木麻黄纯林土壤酶活性与土壤养分研究
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摘要
为揭示沿海地区木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)防护林地的土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量的变化趋势及其规律,以大鹤国有防护林地3种林龄(10 a、23 a、33 a生)的木麻黄纯林为对象,研究不同林龄木麻黄纯林土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量特征及其相互关系。结果表明:随着林龄的增大,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶的活性均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,表现出23 a>10 a>33 a;土壤p H值呈现持续下降的趋势,有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、有效磷浓度均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,全钾、速效钾含量变动小;土壤酶活性与土壤养分因子密切相关,除过氧化氢酶外,其它几种酶均与有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾存在显著正相关关系,尤其脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶与土壤养分因子之间呈极显著关系。研究表明,土壤酶与土壤养分可以作为评价土壤肥力及土壤质量的重要指标,在一定程度上反映林地地力和生产力的变化。
To reveal the variation tendency and regularity of soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients under Casuarina equisetifolia protection forest in coastal areas,Casuarina equisetifolia pure forests of three ages( 10 a,23 a,33 a) in Dahe State-owned Forest Farm were chosen as the study traget.The relationship between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients at different Casuarina equisetifolia stand ages was studied.The results showed:with the increase of the stand age,the activities of soil urease,invertase,acid phosphatase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase increased after an initial decrease( 23 a>10 a>33 a),soil p H decreased continuously,while soil organic matter,total N,hydrolysis N,total P and available P contentration increased after an initial decrease.Soil total K and readily available K had little change.Soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients were closely correlated.Except for catalase,there were significant correlations between other enzymes and organic matter,total N,hydrolysis N,total P,available P,total K and readily available K respectively,and there were extremely significant correlations between urease,invertase,acid phosphatase and soil nutrients factors.This study shows that soil enzymes and soil nutrients can be used as the important indicators in evaluating soil fertility and quality,and they can reflect the changes of forest land fertility and productivity.
To reveal the variation tendency and regularity of soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients under Casuarina equisetifolia protection forest in coastal areas,Casuarina equisetifolia pure forests of three ages( 10 a,23 a,33 a) in Dahe State-owned Forest Farm were chosen as the study traget.The relationship between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients at different Casuarina equisetifolia stand ages was studied.The results showed:with the increase of the stand age,the activities of soil urease,invertase,acid phosphatase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase increased after an initial decrease( 23 a>10 a>33 a),soil p H decreased continuously,while soil organic matter,total N,hydrolysis N,total P and available P contentration increased after an initial decrease.Soil total K and readily available K had little change.Soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients were closely correlated.Except for catalase,there were significant correlations between other enzymes and organic matter,total N,hydrolysis N,total P,available P,total K and readily available K respectively,and there were extremely significant correlations between urease,invertase,acid phosphatase and soil nutrients factors.This study shows that soil enzymes and soil nutrients can be used as the important indicators in evaluating soil fertility and quality,and they can reflect the changes of forest land fertility and productivity.
引文
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[2]杨万勤,王开运.土壤酶研究动态与展望[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(5):564-570.Yang W Q,Wang K Y.Advances on soil enzymology[J].Chin J Appl Environ Boil,2002,8(5):564-570.
[3]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.Guan S Y.Soil enzymes and research act[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986.
[4]刘善江,夏雪,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.Liu S J,XIA X,Chen G M,et al.Study progress on functions and affecting factors of soil enzymes[J].Chinese Agricultual Science Bulletin,2011,27(21):1-7.
[5]Bruce A C.Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity:A review[J].Pedobiologia,2005,49:637-644.
[6]边雪廉,岳中辉,焦浩,等.土壤酶对土壤环境质量指示作用的研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(4):634-640.Bian X L,Yue Z H,JIAO H,et al.Soil enzyme indication on soil environmental quality:a review[J].Soil,2015,47(4):634-640.
[7]邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):277-280.Qiu L P,Liu J,Wang Y Q,et al.Research on relationship between soil enzyme activities and soil fertility[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Snienne,2004,10(3):277-280.
[8]叶功富,侯杰,张立华,等.不同年龄木麻黄林地根际土壤养分含量和酶活性动态[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):86-89.Ye G F,Hou J,Zhang L H,et al.Rhizosphere soil nutrient and enzyme activity in different stand age of Casuarina equisetifolia protection forest[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(4):86-89.
[9]郭春兰,张露,雷蕾,等.不同林龄油茶林土壤酶活性及养分特征[J]草业科学,2012,29(11):1647-1654.Guo C L,Zhang L,Lei L,et al.Soil enzyme activity and nutrient characteristics of Camellia oleifera forest at different plantation ages[J].Pratacultural Science,2012,29(11):1647-1654.
[10]戴凌,黄志宏,文丽,等.长沙市不同森林类型土壤养分含量与土壤酶活性[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(6):100-105.Dai L,Huang Z H,Wen L,et al.Soil nutrients and enzyme activity characteristics of different type forests in Changsha City[J].Journal of central South University of Forestry&Technology,2014,34(6):100-105.
[11]陈莉莉,王得祥,于飞,等.松栎混交林土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性及土壤养分关系的研究[J].土壤学报,2014,45(1):77-84.Chen L L,Wang D X,Yu F,et al.The relationship among microbial quantities,enzyme activities and nutrients in soil of pine-oak mixed forest[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(1):77-84.
[12]李小容,白礼姣,陈本莉,等.不同林龄木麻黄林地土壤理化性质与生化活性分析[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):37-41.Li X R,Bai L J,Chen B L,et al.Analysis of soil physicochemical properties and biological activity of the Casuarina equisetifolia forests with different ages[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(2):37-41.
[13]赵海燕,徐福利,王渭玲,等.秦岭地区华北落叶松人工林地土壤养分和酶活性变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1086-1094.Zhao H Y,Xu F L,Wang W L,et al.Soil nutrients and enzyme activities in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations in the Qinling Mountains,China[J].Aata Ecological Sinica,2015,35(4):1086-1094.
[14]徐燕千,劳家.木麻黄载培[M].北京:中国林业出版社.1984.Xu Y Q,Lao J.The cultivation of Casuarina equisetifolia[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1984.
[15]仲崇禄,白嘉雨,张勇,等.我国木麻黄种质资源引种与保存[J]林业科学研究,2005,18(3):345-350.Zhong C L,Bai J Y,Zhang Y,et al.Introduction and conservation of Casuarina Trees in China[J].Forest Research,2005,18(3):345-350.
[16]叶功富,侯杰,张立华,等.木麻黄连栽林地根际土壤化学性质与酶活性动态[J].亚热带水土保持,2012,24(2):1-4,19.Ye G F,Hou J,Zhang L H,et al.Rhizosphere soil chemical properties and enzyme activities of Multi-rotation Casuarina equisetifolia plantation[J].Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2012,24(2):1-4,19.
[17]李小容,韦金玉,陈云,等.海南岛不同林龄的木麻黄林地土壤微生物的功能多样性[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(6):56-59.Li X R,Wei J Y,Chen Y,et al.Functional diversity of soil microorganisms in Casuarina equisetifolia woodlands of different stand ages in Hainan Island[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014,38(6):56-59.
[18]刘继龙.沙质海岸木麻黄马占相思混交林生产力和生态效应分析[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(6):111-112.Liu J L.Study on productivity and ecological reflection of mixed forest of Casuarina and Acacia mangium[J].Anhui Agri Sci Bull,2007,13(6):111-112.
[19]杨青青,杨众养,余雪标,等.不同林龄木麻黄沿海防护林林下植被多样性研究[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(2):359-364.Yang Q Q,Yang Z Y,Yu X B,et al.Diversity of understory plants of Casuarina equisetifolia at different stages[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2016,37(2):359-364.
[20]谭芳林,李志真,叶功富,等.木麻黄连栽对沿海沙地土壤养分含量及酶活性的影响[J].林业科学,2003,39(1):32-37.Tan F L,Li Z Z,Ye G F,et al.The effect of continuously planting Casuarina equisetifolia on the nutrition contient and enzyme activities in sandy soil of coastal areas[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(1):32-37.
[21]李钦禄,莫其锋,王法明,等.华南热带沿海不同林龄木麻黄人工林养分利用特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(1):139-146.Lin Q L,Mo Q F,Wang F M,et al.Nutrient utilization by Casuarina equisetifolia plantation of different ages in the tropical coastal area of South China[J].Chin J Appl Environ Boil,2015,21(1):139-146.
[22]叶功富,徐俊森,潘惠忠,等.不同生育阶段木麻黄林地土壤的肥力特性[J].防护林科技,1996,(S1):45-48,61.Ye G F,Xu J S,Pan H Z,et al.Soil fertility characteristics in different stages of casuarina forest[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,1996,(S1):45-48,61.
[23]徐馨,王法明,邹碧,等.不同林龄木麻黄人工林生物多样性与土壤养分状况研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(9):1514-1522.Xu X,Wang F M,Zhou B,et al.Biodiversity and soil nutrient research of Casuarina Eguisetifolia plantation at different stand ages[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013,22(9):1514-1522.
[24]张万儒,叶炳,李酉开,等.森林土壤分析方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1999.Zhang W R,Ye B,Li Y K,et al.Forest soil analysis methods[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1999.
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