沙子江铀矿外围地化特征、元素迁移及铀成矿机理
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摘要
沙子江矿床外围某钻孔不同矿化蚀变位置具有U含量与SiO_2、CaO、Fe_2O_3、LOI、HREE含量正相关、Na均消失殆尽、稀土和微量元素配分型式相似、LREE呈较富集的右倾特征。与新鲜围岩相比,蚀变围岩Sb、U明显增高,Ni、W略有增加;与新鲜围岩和蚀变围岩二者相比,碎裂花岗岩(矿石)中Cd、Sb明显增高,W、Ni、Pb略有增加,Be、Bi明显减少;相对于新鲜围岩,碎裂花岗岩(矿石)和蚀变围岩分别表现出Sb、U和Sb、Cd、U明显增高,共同表现出W、Ni略有增加的特征。矿化蚀变带元素迁移研究表明,矿化蚀变带样品Sb、LOI、CaO、Ni、Cu、In、Sr均迁入,Na2O、FeO、Be、Cs、Th、Nb均迁出,迁入率最大的组分均为Sb,迁出率最大的组分均为Na_2O。地球化学特征及元素迁移规律指示花岗质围岩是重要的U源及组分来源,成矿流体呈碱性,氧逸度较高。
The uranium content has positive correlations with the abundance of SiO_2, CaO, Fe_2O_3, LOI and HREEs and Na is almostdepleted at the mineralization and alteration positions of a drill core in the Shazijiang uranium ore-deposit. In trace element spiderdiagram and REEs distribution pattern diagram, the shapes of different mineralized and altered belt samples are very similar. TheREEs distribution pattern shows that LREEs are enriched and the distribution lines are lean to right. Compared with the freshsurrounding rocks, the altered surrounding rocks have elevated Sb and U concentrations and a few more Ni and W concentrations.Compared with the fresh surrounding rocks and altered surrounding rocks, the cataclastic granites(ore) have significantly increased Cdand Sb concentrations, while W, Ni and Pb concentrations increase slightly, and Be and Bi concentrations reduce sharply. Compared withthe fresh surrounding rocks, cataclastic granites(ore) and the altered surrounding rocks are characterized by significantly increased Sband U concentrations and Sb, Cd and U concentrations, respectively. In addition, both W and Ni increase slightly. Research of elementmigration in mineralization and alteration belts shows that Sb, LOI, CaO, Ni, Cu, In and Sr moved in, of which Sb has the largest positive mobility value. In contrast, Na_2O, FeO, Be, Cs, Th and Nb all moved out, of which Na_2O has the largest negative mobility value. Based onthe results and discussion of geochemistry and element migration, we deduce that the granitic surrounding rocks are one of the mostimportant sources of uranium and other components, and the ore-forming fluid is alkaline with high oxygen fugacity.
The uranium content has positive correlations with the abundance of SiO_2, CaO, Fe_2O_3, LOI and HREEs and Na is almostdepleted at the mineralization and alteration positions of a drill core in the Shazijiang uranium ore-deposit. In trace element spiderdiagram and REEs distribution pattern diagram, the shapes of different mineralized and altered belt samples are very similar. TheREEs distribution pattern shows that LREEs are enriched and the distribution lines are lean to right. Compared with the freshsurrounding rocks, the altered surrounding rocks have elevated Sb and U concentrations and a few more Ni and W concentrations.Compared with the fresh surrounding rocks and altered surrounding rocks, the cataclastic granites(ore) have significantly increased Cdand Sb concentrations, while W, Ni and Pb concentrations increase slightly, and Be and Bi concentrations reduce sharply. Compared withthe fresh surrounding rocks, cataclastic granites(ore) and the altered surrounding rocks are characterized by significantly increased Sband U concentrations and Sb, Cd and U concentrations, respectively. In addition, both W and Ni increase slightly. Research of elementmigration in mineralization and alteration belts shows that Sb, LOI, CaO, Ni, Cu, In and Sr moved in, of which Sb has the largest positive mobility value. In contrast, Na_2O, FeO, Be, Cs, Th and Nb all moved out, of which Na_2O has the largest negative mobility value. Based onthe results and discussion of geochemistry and element migration, we deduce that the granitic surrounding rocks are one of the mostimportant sources of uranium and other components, and the ore-forming fluid is alkaline with high oxygen fugacity.
引文
艾金彪,马生明,朱立新,等.2013.安徽马头斑岩型钼铜矿床蚀变带常量元素迁移规律及其定量计算[J].矿床地质,32(6):1262-1274.
邓海琳,涂光炽,李朝阳,等.1999.地球化学开放系统的质量平衡理论:1.理论[J].矿物学报,19(2):121-131.
郭顺,叶凯,陈意,等.2013.开放地质体系中物质迁移质量平衡计算方法介绍[J].岩石学报,29(5):1486-1498.
胡宝群,王倩,邱林飞,等.2016.相山矿田邹家山铀矿床碱交代矿化蚀变岩地球化学[J].大地构造与成矿学,40(2):377-385.
胡欢,王汝成,陈卫锋,等.2013.桂东北豆乍山产铀花岗岩热液活动时限的确定与铀成矿意义[J].科学通报,(36):3849-3858.
黄志章,李秀珍,蔡根庆.1999.热液铀矿床蚀变场及蚀变类型[M].北京:原子能出版社.
江满容,张均,刘文浩,等.2015.安徽庐江泥河铁矿床蚀变-矿化作用及元素迁移规律[J].地球科学,40(6):1037-1051.
刘成东,梁良.2017.液铀矿床的沥青铀矿研究进[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,36(2):339-344.
刘军港,李子颖,黄志章,等.2017.江西相山CUSD3钻孔铀矿化蚀变带元素活动性探讨[J].地质学报,91(4):1-17.
李海东,潘家永,夏菲,等.2016.相山李家岭铀矿床热液蚀变作用地球化学特征[J].现代地质,30(3):555-566.
李满根,胡宝群,白丽红,等.2007.江西银山矿伊利石化过程中围岩化学成分变化及其成矿意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,31(3):353-358.
李妩巍,王敢,许来生,等.2010.沙子江铀矿床铀成矿条件分析及成因浅析[J].矿床地质,29(S):143-144.
李妩巍,王敢,许来生,等.2011.沙子江铀矿床走滑构造控矿规律及控矿机制[J].铀矿地质,27(3):146-151.
李妩巍.2016.苗儿山铀矿田控矿断裂构造特征[J].世界核地质科学,33(2):78-95.
石少华.2011.桂北沙子江铀矿床矿床地球化学[D].贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所.
王翠云,李晓峰,肖荣,等.2012.德兴朱砂红斑岩铜矿热液蚀变作用及元素地球化学迁移规律[J].岩石学报,28(12):3869-3886.
王正庆,范洪海,陈东欢,等.2017.广西苗儿山花岗岩型铀矿控矿条件分析[J].地质论评,63(S):123-124.
项新葵,尹青青,丰成友,等.2015.赣北石门寺钨多金属矿床花岗闪长岩蚀变带元素、流体迁移规律及其对成矿作用的制约[J].地质学报,89(7):1273-1287.
余达淦,吴仁贵,陈培荣.2005.铀资源地质学教程[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社.
中国核工业地质局.2005.中南铀矿地质志[M].北京:中国核工业地质局.
钟军,范洪海,顾大钊,等.2016.甘肃龙首山成矿带新水井铀(钍)矿床元素迁移规律及成矿作用过程研究[J].中国地质,43(4):1393-1408.
Ague J J.1994.Mass transfer during Barrovian metamorphism of pelites South-Central Connecticut.1.Evidence for changes in composition and volume[J].American Journal of Science,294(8):989-1057.
Ague J J and Van Haren J L.1996.Assessing metasomatic mass and volume changes using the bootstrap,with application to deep crustal hydrothermal alteration of marble[J].Economic Geology,91(7):1169-1182.
Cuney M.2010.Evolution of uranium fractionation processes through time:Driving the secular variation of uranium deposit types[J].Economic Geology,105(3):553-569.
Eggleton R and Banfield J.1985.The alteration of granitic biotite to chlorite[J].Am.Mineral.,70:902-910.
Gresens R L.1967.Composition volume relationships of metasomatism[J].Chemical Geology,2(67):47-65.
Grant J A.1986.The isocon diagram:A simple solution to Gresens’equation for Metasomatic alteration[J].Economic Geology,81(8):1976-82.
Grant J A.2005.Isocon analysis:A brief review of the method and applications[J].Physics&Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/b/c,30(s17~18):997-1004.
Guo S,Ye K,Chen Y,et al.2009.Anomalization solution to mass transfer illustration of multiple progressively altered samples using the Isocon diagram[J].Economic Geology,104(6):881-886.
Lanzirotti A and Hanson G.1996.Geochronology and geochemistry of multiple generations of monazite from the Wepawaug Schist,Connecticut,USA:Implications for monazite stability in metamorphic rocks[J].Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,125:332-340.
Michard A.1989.Rare earth element systematics in hydrothermal fluids[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,53(3):745-50.
Sun S S and Mc Donough W F.1989.Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts:Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes[M]//Saunders A D,Norry M J,eds.Magmatism in the Ocean Basins.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,42:313-345.
Veblen D and Ferry J.1983.A TEM study of the biotite-chlorite reaction and comparison with petrologic observation[J].Am.Mineral.,68:1160-1168.
Zhao K D,Jiang S Y,Ling H F,et al.2016.Late Triassic U-bearing and barren granites in the Miao'ershan batholith,South China:Petrogenetic discrimination and exploration significance[J].Ore Geology Reviews,77:260-278.
邓海琳,涂光炽,李朝阳,等.1999.地球化学开放系统的质量平衡理论:1.理论[J].矿物学报,19(2):121-131.
郭顺,叶凯,陈意,等.2013.开放地质体系中物质迁移质量平衡计算方法介绍[J].岩石学报,29(5):1486-1498.
胡宝群,王倩,邱林飞,等.2016.相山矿田邹家山铀矿床碱交代矿化蚀变岩地球化学[J].大地构造与成矿学,40(2):377-385.
胡欢,王汝成,陈卫锋,等.2013.桂东北豆乍山产铀花岗岩热液活动时限的确定与铀成矿意义[J].科学通报,(36):3849-3858.
黄志章,李秀珍,蔡根庆.1999.热液铀矿床蚀变场及蚀变类型[M].北京:原子能出版社.
江满容,张均,刘文浩,等.2015.安徽庐江泥河铁矿床蚀变-矿化作用及元素迁移规律[J].地球科学,40(6):1037-1051.
刘成东,梁良.2017.液铀矿床的沥青铀矿研究进[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,36(2):339-344.
刘军港,李子颖,黄志章,等.2017.江西相山CUSD3钻孔铀矿化蚀变带元素活动性探讨[J].地质学报,91(4):1-17.
李海东,潘家永,夏菲,等.2016.相山李家岭铀矿床热液蚀变作用地球化学特征[J].现代地质,30(3):555-566.
李满根,胡宝群,白丽红,等.2007.江西银山矿伊利石化过程中围岩化学成分变化及其成矿意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,31(3):353-358.
李妩巍,王敢,许来生,等.2010.沙子江铀矿床铀成矿条件分析及成因浅析[J].矿床地质,29(S):143-144.
李妩巍,王敢,许来生,等.2011.沙子江铀矿床走滑构造控矿规律及控矿机制[J].铀矿地质,27(3):146-151.
李妩巍.2016.苗儿山铀矿田控矿断裂构造特征[J].世界核地质科学,33(2):78-95.
石少华.2011.桂北沙子江铀矿床矿床地球化学[D].贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所.
王翠云,李晓峰,肖荣,等.2012.德兴朱砂红斑岩铜矿热液蚀变作用及元素地球化学迁移规律[J].岩石学报,28(12):3869-3886.
王正庆,范洪海,陈东欢,等.2017.广西苗儿山花岗岩型铀矿控矿条件分析[J].地质论评,63(S):123-124.
项新葵,尹青青,丰成友,等.2015.赣北石门寺钨多金属矿床花岗闪长岩蚀变带元素、流体迁移规律及其对成矿作用的制约[J].地质学报,89(7):1273-1287.
余达淦,吴仁贵,陈培荣.2005.铀资源地质学教程[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社.
中国核工业地质局.2005.中南铀矿地质志[M].北京:中国核工业地质局.
钟军,范洪海,顾大钊,等.2016.甘肃龙首山成矿带新水井铀(钍)矿床元素迁移规律及成矿作用过程研究[J].中国地质,43(4):1393-1408.
Ague J J.1994.Mass transfer during Barrovian metamorphism of pelites South-Central Connecticut.1.Evidence for changes in composition and volume[J].American Journal of Science,294(8):989-1057.
Ague J J and Van Haren J L.1996.Assessing metasomatic mass and volume changes using the bootstrap,with application to deep crustal hydrothermal alteration of marble[J].Economic Geology,91(7):1169-1182.
Cuney M.2010.Evolution of uranium fractionation processes through time:Driving the secular variation of uranium deposit types[J].Economic Geology,105(3):553-569.
Eggleton R and Banfield J.1985.The alteration of granitic biotite to chlorite[J].Am.Mineral.,70:902-910.
Gresens R L.1967.Composition volume relationships of metasomatism[J].Chemical Geology,2(67):47-65.
Grant J A.1986.The isocon diagram:A simple solution to Gresens’equation for Metasomatic alteration[J].Economic Geology,81(8):1976-82.
Grant J A.2005.Isocon analysis:A brief review of the method and applications[J].Physics&Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/b/c,30(s17~18):997-1004.
Guo S,Ye K,Chen Y,et al.2009.Anomalization solution to mass transfer illustration of multiple progressively altered samples using the Isocon diagram[J].Economic Geology,104(6):881-886.
Lanzirotti A and Hanson G.1996.Geochronology and geochemistry of multiple generations of monazite from the Wepawaug Schist,Connecticut,USA:Implications for monazite stability in metamorphic rocks[J].Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,125:332-340.
Michard A.1989.Rare earth element systematics in hydrothermal fluids[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,53(3):745-50.
Sun S S and Mc Donough W F.1989.Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts:Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes[M]//Saunders A D,Norry M J,eds.Magmatism in the Ocean Basins.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,42:313-345.
Veblen D and Ferry J.1983.A TEM study of the biotite-chlorite reaction and comparison with petrologic observation[J].Am.Mineral.,68:1160-1168.
Zhao K D,Jiang S Y,Ling H F,et al.2016.Late Triassic U-bearing and barren granites in the Miao'ershan batholith,South China:Petrogenetic discrimination and exploration significance[J].Ore Geology Reviews,77:260-278.