饲粮中添加沙棘果渣对育肥羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及消化道内容物pH的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加沙棘果渣(SBP)对育肥羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及消化道内容物p H的影响。选取4月龄、体重22 kg左右的杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交公羊40只,采用完全随机分组设计分为4组,各组SBP添加比例分别为0(对照组)、7.8%(8SBP组)、16.0%(16SBP组)、23.5%(24SBP组),每组10只羊,试验期80 d,前10 d为预试期,后70 d为正试期。结果表明:16SBP和24SBP组平均日增重、干物质采食量均显著高于对照组和8SBP组(P<0.05),各组料重比无显著性差异(P>0.05);16SBP组的末重显著高于对照组和8SBP组(P<0.05);16SBP和24SBP组净肉重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);24SBP组肌肉GR值显著低于对照组和8SBP组(P<0.05);16SBP和24SBP组肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组和8SBP组(P<0.05);8SBP和16SBP组肌肉剪切力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各组的肌肉的p H、肉色、系水力和熟肉率无显著性差异(P>0.05);皱胃液及十二指肠和空肠内容物p H随着SBP的添加比例的增加而降低,24SBP组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综合得出,饲粮中添加SBP可以提高育肥羊的平均日增重、干物质采食量和净肉重等生长性能指标,增加肌肉粗脂肪含量,改善肌肉的嫩度和肠道内环境,SBP可以作为育肥羊的新型饲料资源开发应用,且在本试验条件下,饲粮中SBP的添加比例为16%时效果最好。
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of sea buckthorn pomace( SBP) on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and the p H of digestive tract content of fattening sheep. Forty Dorper×small tailed Han rams( 4 months of age,weighted about 22 kg)were randomly selected and randomly assigned into 4 groups with 10 rams per group according to the supplemental proportions of SBP,which were 0( control group),7. 8%( 8 SBP group),16. 0%( 16 SBP group)and 23.5%( 24 SBP group),respectively. The experiment lasted for 80 days with the first 10 days for pretest period and the last 70 days for test period. The results showed as follows: average daily gain and dry matter intake in 16 SBP and 24 SBP groups were significantly higher than those in control group and 8 SBP group( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in feed conversion rate among groups( P > 0. 05). Final weight in16 SBP group was significantly higher than that in control group and 8 SBP group( P < 0.05). Net meat weight in 16 SBP and 24 SBP groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05). 24 SBP group had significantly lower GR value in muscle than control group and 8 SBP group( P < 0.05). Ether extract content in muscle in 16 SBP and 24 SBP groups was significantly higher than that in control group and 8 SBP group( P <0.05). Shearing force in muscle in 8 SBP and 16 SBP groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in muscle p H,meat color,water holding capacity and cooked meat rate among groups( P > 0.05). The p H of the abomasum liquid,duodenum content and jejunum content was decreased with the increase of SBP supplemental proportion,and 24 SBP group was significantly lower than control group( P < 0.05). Therefore,dietary supplementation of SBP can improve growth performance indexes,such as average daily gain,dry matter intake and net meat weight,increase ether extract content in muscle,improve tenderness of muscle and intestinal environment,which suggests that SBP can be used as a newtype of feed resource for fattening sheep,and the optimal supplemental proportion in diet is 16.0% under the condition of the present experiment.
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of sea buckthorn pomace( SBP) on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and the p H of digestive tract content of fattening sheep. Forty Dorper×small tailed Han rams( 4 months of age,weighted about 22 kg)were randomly selected and randomly assigned into 4 groups with 10 rams per group according to the supplemental proportions of SBP,which were 0( control group),7. 8%( 8 SBP group),16. 0%( 16 SBP group)and 23.5%( 24 SBP group),respectively. The experiment lasted for 80 days with the first 10 days for pretest period and the last 70 days for test period. The results showed as follows: average daily gain and dry matter intake in 16 SBP and 24 SBP groups were significantly higher than those in control group and 8 SBP group( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in feed conversion rate among groups( P > 0. 05). Final weight in16 SBP group was significantly higher than that in control group and 8 SBP group( P < 0.05). Net meat weight in 16 SBP and 24 SBP groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05). 24 SBP group had significantly lower GR value in muscle than control group and 8 SBP group( P < 0.05). Ether extract content in muscle in 16 SBP and 24 SBP groups was significantly higher than that in control group and 8 SBP group( P <0.05). Shearing force in muscle in 8 SBP and 16 SBP groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in muscle p H,meat color,water holding capacity and cooked meat rate among groups( P > 0.05). The p H of the abomasum liquid,duodenum content and jejunum content was decreased with the increase of SBP supplemental proportion,and 24 SBP group was significantly lower than control group( P < 0.05). Therefore,dietary supplementation of SBP can improve growth performance indexes,such as average daily gain,dry matter intake and net meat weight,increase ether extract content in muscle,improve tenderness of muscle and intestinal environment,which suggests that SBP can be used as a newtype of feed resource for fattening sheep,and the optimal supplemental proportion in diet is 16.0% under the condition of the present experiment.
引文
[1]戚晓舟,宋晨光,凌飞,等.不同菌株发酵沙棘果渣、沙棘叶、沙棘籽渣营养成分变化的研究[J].饲料工业,2016,37(7):22-27.
[2]KAGLIWAL L D,POL A S,PATIL S C,et al.Antioxidant-rich extract from dehydrated seabuckthorn berries by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction[J].Food and Bioprocess Technology,2012,5(7):2768-2776.
[3]刘绪川,何国耀,张礼华,等.沙棘叶及沙棘制品残渣毒理学试验和对畜禽生产性能的影响[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,1993(1):1-3.
[4]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[5]VAN SOEST P J.Development of a comprehensive system of feed analyses and its application to forages[J].Journal of Animal Science,1967,26(1):119-128.
[6]NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.W ashington,D.C.:National Academ y Press,2001.
[7]杨在宾,刘丽,杜明宏.我国饲料业的发展及饲料资源供求现状浅析[J].饲料工业,2008,29(19):45-49.
[8]杨志峰,李作明,李爱华.日粮中添加发酵苹果渣对犊牛生长性能的影响[J].农业科学研究,2016,37(1):93-96.
[9]卢珍珍,郑琛,李发弟,等.葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(4):114-120.
[10]万凡,马涛,马晨,等.不同饲养标准对杜寒杂交肉用绵羊生产和屠宰性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3483-3492.
[11]吴华,张辉,周移剑.沙棘果渣对放牧肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].当代畜牧,2009(12):22-24.
[12]刘政.断尾对脂尾型绵羊肉用性能、脂肪沉积及肝脏转录组差异基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.
[13]陈仁伟.沙葱黄酮对肉羊生产性能及其肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016.
[14]谷英,孙海洲,桑丹,等.肉品质评定指标及影响因素的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(7):100-106.
[15]冯仰廉.论生产优质牛肉的科学饲养(续)[J].饲料广角,2001(22):4-7.
[16]马铁伟,王强,王锋,等.营养水平对湖羊生长性能、血清生化指标、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(6):1003-1009.
[17]吴伟,孙飞丹,孙云农.百日龄羔羊肉质分析[J].肉类研究,2000(4):48-49.
[18]WATANABE A,DALY C C,DEVINE C E.The effects of the ultim ate p H of m eat on tenderness changes during ageing[J].M eat Science,1996,42(1):67-78.
[19]丁楠,王国春,林雪薇,等.肉羊日粮中添加紫甘蓝和胡萝卜对其肉色及肉质的影响[J].饲料研究,2016(21):32-34,47.
[20]VANLACK R L J M,FRANCS F J M.Colour stability of bovine Longissimus and Psoas m ajor m uscles as affected by electrical stim ulation and hot boning[J].M eat Science,1990,28(3):211-221.
[21]李石友,徐英,李琦华,等.营养水平对牛肉品质的影响研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(11):132-134.
[22]侯鹏霞.滩羊羔羊早期补饲以及不同体重阶段羊肉品质的研究[D].硕士学位论文.银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[23]王艳红.日粮淀粉水平对山羊α-淀粉酶活性及消化道形态的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[24]WOODFORD S T,MURPHY M R.Effect of forage physical form on chew ing activity,dry m atter intake,and rum en function of dairy cow s in early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(3):674-686.
[25]李巨秀,李志西,杨明泉,等.果渣资源的综合利用[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2002,30(增刊1):103-106.
[26]刘晶,刘建新.饲料果胶对瘤胃微生物菌群和发酵特性及蛋白质合成的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(23):93-98.
[27]陈杰.家畜生理学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[28]刘月琴,王宝山,张英杰,等.日粮类型对小尾寒羊小肠消化酶活性影响的研究[J].中国草食动物科学,2004(增刊1):131-134.
[2]KAGLIWAL L D,POL A S,PATIL S C,et al.Antioxidant-rich extract from dehydrated seabuckthorn berries by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction[J].Food and Bioprocess Technology,2012,5(7):2768-2776.
[3]刘绪川,何国耀,张礼华,等.沙棘叶及沙棘制品残渣毒理学试验和对畜禽生产性能的影响[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,1993(1):1-3.
[4]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[5]VAN SOEST P J.Development of a comprehensive system of feed analyses and its application to forages[J].Journal of Animal Science,1967,26(1):119-128.
[6]NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.W ashington,D.C.:National Academ y Press,2001.
[7]杨在宾,刘丽,杜明宏.我国饲料业的发展及饲料资源供求现状浅析[J].饲料工业,2008,29(19):45-49.
[8]杨志峰,李作明,李爱华.日粮中添加发酵苹果渣对犊牛生长性能的影响[J].农业科学研究,2016,37(1):93-96.
[9]卢珍珍,郑琛,李发弟,等.葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(4):114-120.
[10]万凡,马涛,马晨,等.不同饲养标准对杜寒杂交肉用绵羊生产和屠宰性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3483-3492.
[11]吴华,张辉,周移剑.沙棘果渣对放牧肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].当代畜牧,2009(12):22-24.
[12]刘政.断尾对脂尾型绵羊肉用性能、脂肪沉积及肝脏转录组差异基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.
[13]陈仁伟.沙葱黄酮对肉羊生产性能及其肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016.
[14]谷英,孙海洲,桑丹,等.肉品质评定指标及影响因素的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(7):100-106.
[15]冯仰廉.论生产优质牛肉的科学饲养(续)[J].饲料广角,2001(22):4-7.
[16]马铁伟,王强,王锋,等.营养水平对湖羊生长性能、血清生化指标、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(6):1003-1009.
[17]吴伟,孙飞丹,孙云农.百日龄羔羊肉质分析[J].肉类研究,2000(4):48-49.
[18]WATANABE A,DALY C C,DEVINE C E.The effects of the ultim ate p H of m eat on tenderness changes during ageing[J].M eat Science,1996,42(1):67-78.
[19]丁楠,王国春,林雪薇,等.肉羊日粮中添加紫甘蓝和胡萝卜对其肉色及肉质的影响[J].饲料研究,2016(21):32-34,47.
[20]VANLACK R L J M,FRANCS F J M.Colour stability of bovine Longissimus and Psoas m ajor m uscles as affected by electrical stim ulation and hot boning[J].M eat Science,1990,28(3):211-221.
[21]李石友,徐英,李琦华,等.营养水平对牛肉品质的影响研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(11):132-134.
[22]侯鹏霞.滩羊羔羊早期补饲以及不同体重阶段羊肉品质的研究[D].硕士学位论文.银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[23]王艳红.日粮淀粉水平对山羊α-淀粉酶活性及消化道形态的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[24]WOODFORD S T,MURPHY M R.Effect of forage physical form on chew ing activity,dry m atter intake,and rum en function of dairy cow s in early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(3):674-686.
[25]李巨秀,李志西,杨明泉,等.果渣资源的综合利用[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2002,30(增刊1):103-106.
[26]刘晶,刘建新.饲料果胶对瘤胃微生物菌群和发酵特性及蛋白质合成的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(23):93-98.
[27]陈杰.家畜生理学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[28]刘月琴,王宝山,张英杰,等.日粮类型对小尾寒羊小肠消化酶活性影响的研究[J].中国草食动物科学,2004(增刊1):131-134.