机械侧深施肥对机插早稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响
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摘要
以甬籼15为材料,在纯氮用量为180 kg/hm~2情况下,设置4种施肥处理(FF,普通尿素撒施;DSF,普通尿素机械侧深施;DSFS,普通尿素和缓释尿素混合机械侧深施;N0,不施用氮肥),研究了不同施肥处理对机插早稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,水稻氮素吸收量、有效穗数、穗粒数以及籽粒产量施氮的处理显著高于无氮处理;与FF处理相比,DSF和DSFS处理有效穗数分别增加5.2%和6.4%,穗粒数分别增加5.6%和11.0%,产量分别提高6.3%和11.6%;齐穗期和成熟期,DSF和DSFS处理氮素积累量均显著高于FF处理;DSF和DSFS处理氮肥吸收利用率分别为40.6%和48.0%,比FF处理分别高15.6%和23.0%;与FF处理相比,DSF和DSFS处理的氮素农学利用率分别增加33.3%和62.7%。可见,机械侧深施肥能够显著提高机插早稻产量及氮肥利用率。
In order to study the effects of mechanized side deep fertilization on nitrogen utilization and yield formation of early rice Yongxian 15, four nitrogen fertilizer application treatments were adopted in the present study as follows: FF-urea was surface broadcasted manually, DSF-urea was mechanically side fertilized into the 10-cm-depth layer of soil, DSRF-urea and slow release urea were mechanically side fertilized into the 10-cm-depth layer of soil together, N0-no nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The results showed that, compared with the control(N0), the N uptake, effective panicles, grain number per panicle and grain yield of FF, DSF and DSRF were enhanced significantly. Compared with FF, the effective panicles, grain number per panicle and grain yield of DSF were increased by 5.2%, 5.6% and 6.3%, respectively; and which were also increased by 6.4%, 11.0% and 11.6% of DSRF, respec-tively. At heading stage and maturity stage, N uptake of DSF and DSRF were all higher than FF. Nitrogen recovery efficiency of DSF and DSRF were 40.6% and 48.0%, respectively, and which were 15.6% and 23.0% higher than FF. Compared with FF, nitrogen agronomic use efficiency of DSF and DSRF were increased by 33.6% and 62.7%, respectively. Hence, mechanized side deep fertilization could improve nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of early rice significantly.
In order to study the effects of mechanized side deep fertilization on nitrogen utilization and yield formation of early rice Yongxian 15, four nitrogen fertilizer application treatments were adopted in the present study as follows: FF-urea was surface broadcasted manually, DSF-urea was mechanically side fertilized into the 10-cm-depth layer of soil, DSRF-urea and slow release urea were mechanically side fertilized into the 10-cm-depth layer of soil together, N0-no nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The results showed that, compared with the control(N0), the N uptake, effective panicles, grain number per panicle and grain yield of FF, DSF and DSRF were enhanced significantly. Compared with FF, the effective panicles, grain number per panicle and grain yield of DSF were increased by 5.2%, 5.6% and 6.3%, respectively; and which were also increased by 6.4%, 11.0% and 11.6% of DSRF, respec-tively. At heading stage and maturity stage, N uptake of DSF and DSRF were all higher than FF. Nitrogen recovery efficiency of DSF and DSRF were 40.6% and 48.0%, respectively, and which were 15.6% and 23.0% higher than FF. Compared with FF, nitrogen agronomic use efficiency of DSF and DSRF were increased by 33.6% and 62.7%, respectively. Hence, mechanized side deep fertilization could improve nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of early rice significantly.
引文
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[16]邢春秋,陈振,曲景印,等.北方寒地水稻锦禾宽窄行侧深施肥机插技术及应用效果[J].北方水稻,2017,47(6):33-34.
[17]叶世超,林忠成,戴其根,等.施氮量对稻季氮挥发特点与氮素利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(1):71-78.
[18]杨成林,王丽妍.不同侧深施肥方式对寒地水稻生长、产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].中国稻米,2018,24(2):96-99.
[2]张洪程,龚金龙.中国水稻种植机械化高产农艺研究现状及发展探讨[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1 273-1 289.
[3]赵红玉,徐寿军,杨成林,等.侧深施肥技术对寒地水稻生长及产量形成的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报:自然汉文版,2017,32(4):347-352.
[4]LIU T Q,FAN D J,ZHANG X X,et al.Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers reduces ammonia volatilization and increases nitrogen utilization efficiency in no-tillage paddy fields in central China[J].Field Crop Res,2015,184:80-90.
[5]彭玉,孙永健,蒋明金,等.不同水分条件下缓/控释氮肥对水稻干物质量和氮素吸收、运转及分配的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(5):859-870.
[6]邢晓鸣,李小春,丁艳锋,等.缓控释肥组配对机插常规粳稻群体物质生产和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(24):4 892-4 902.
[7]彭少兵,黄见良,钟旭华,等.提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(9):1 095-1 103.
[8]SHOJI S,DELGADO J A,MOSIER A,et al.Use of controlled release fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors to increase nitrogen efficiency and to conserve air and water quality[J].Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis,2001,32(7-8):1 051-1 070.
[9]GUETRAL E A.Preplant slow-release nitrogen fertilizers produce similar bell pepper yields as split applications of soluble fertilizer[J].Agron J,2000,92(2):388-393.
[10]ZHANG M,YAO Y,ZHAO M,et al.Integration of urea deep placement and organic addition for improving yield and soil properties and decreasing N loss in paddy field[J].Agric Ecosyst Environ,2017,247:236-245.
[11]刘晓伟,陈小琴,王火焰,等.根区一次施氮提高水稻氮肥利用效率的效果和原理[J].土壤,2017,49(5):868-875.
[12]PAN S,WEN X,WANG Z,et al.Benefits of mechanized deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer in direct-seeded rice in South China[J].Field Crop Res,2017,203:139-149.
[13]赵琦.水稻氮肥利用效率的研究进展[J].中国稻米,2016,22(6):15-19.
[14]赵宏伟,沙汉景.我国稻田氮肥利用率的研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2014,45(2):116-122.
[15]马昕,杨艳明,刘智蕾,等.机械侧深施控释掺混肥提高寒地水稻的产量和效益[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):1 095-1 103.
[16]邢春秋,陈振,曲景印,等.北方寒地水稻锦禾宽窄行侧深施肥机插技术及应用效果[J].北方水稻,2017,47(6):33-34.
[17]叶世超,林忠成,戴其根,等.施氮量对稻季氮挥发特点与氮素利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(1):71-78.
[18]杨成林,王丽妍.不同侧深施肥方式对寒地水稻生长、产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].中国稻米,2018,24(2):96-99.