环海阳万米沙滩河流流域土壤侵蚀量估算及演变
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摘要
基于3S技术,利用输出系数土壤侵蚀模型,通过1995、2005、2015年三期土地利用分布,估算了海阳万米沙滩海域三个典型年份的土壤侵蚀量。在对三期不同土地利用变化系统分析的基础上,解析了1995—2015年土壤侵蚀量的演变趋势,探讨了侵蚀量变化与海滩侵蚀演变趋势的关系。结果表明:三个典型年份的土壤侵蚀量分别为954 060、948 305和924 333t,基本保持年均100万t的量级,总体处于轻度侵蚀状态,且呈逐年下降的趋势,不仅说明水土保持工作取得一定的成效,但从另一个角度来讲,输沙量的减少打破了原有沙滩陆上土壤流失堆积与海水冲刷的平衡体系,也就为海岸侵蚀提供了可能。
Based on 3 Stechnology and soil erosion model,the sand erosion amount was obtained in three typical year of 1995,2005 and 2015.The evolution trend of the amount of sand erosion was estimated through land-use changes analysis from 1995 to 2015.The relationship between the sand erosion amount and beach erosion trend was also discussed.The results showed that the sand erosion amount maintained about 1 000 000 tons yearly averagely,respectively 954 060,948 305 and 924 333 tons in 1995,2005 and2015.The beach was slight erosion and the erosion was decreasing year by year due to the soil and water conservation work.However,the balance between the soil loss and accumulation and the coastal erosion was broken by the decrease of sediment transportation,which may also result in coastal erosion.
Based on 3 Stechnology and soil erosion model,the sand erosion amount was obtained in three typical year of 1995,2005 and 2015.The evolution trend of the amount of sand erosion was estimated through land-use changes analysis from 1995 to 2015.The relationship between the sand erosion amount and beach erosion trend was also discussed.The results showed that the sand erosion amount maintained about 1 000 000 tons yearly averagely,respectively 954 060,948 305 and 924 333 tons in 1995,2005 and2015.The beach was slight erosion and the erosion was decreasing year by year due to the soil and water conservation work.However,the balance between the soil loss and accumulation and the coastal erosion was broken by the decrease of sediment transportation,which may also result in coastal erosion.
引文
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[21]张晓云,叶夏,黄曦,等.基于GIS和USLE的朱溪河小流域土壤侵蚀量估算[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(3):51-54.Zhang X Y,Ye X,Huang X,et al.Estimation of soil erosion in Zhuxi river watershed based on GIS and USLE[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2011,18(3):51-54.
[22]倪九派,傅涛,李瑞雪,等.应用ARC/INFO预测芋子沟小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):29-32.Ni J P,Fu T,Li R X,et al.Supplying geographical information system ARC/INFO to predict soil erosion of watershed[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(4):29-32.
[23]王成.龙河流域土地利用/覆被变化与土壤侵蚀效应评价[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.Wang C.Land Use/Cover Change and Soil Erosion Effect Assessment in Longhe Watershed[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2013.
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[27]张绪良.山东省海洋灾害及防治研究[J].海洋通报,2004,23(3):66-72.Zhang X L.Marine disasters and their reduction in Shandong province[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2004,23(3):66-72.
[28]陈吉余(主编).中国海岸侵蚀概要[M].北京:海洋出版社,2010.Chen J Y.Summary of Coastal Erosion in China[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2010.
[29]夏东兴,边淑华,丰爱平,等.海岸带地貌学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014.Xia D X,Bian S H,Feng A P,et al.Coastal Zone Geomorphology[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2014.
[30]岳娜娜.离岸人工岛对沙质海岸的影响研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.Yue N N.Impact Studies of the Man-Made Island Project to the Vicinity of Area on the Sandy Coast[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2008.
[31]宫立新.山东半岛东部海滩侵蚀现状与保护研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.Gong L X.Erosion Situation and Protection of Beach in Eastern Part of Shandong Peninsula[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014.
[32]任智会,胡日军,张连杰,等.海阳砂质海岸岸滩演化[J].海洋地质前沿,2016,32(11):18-25.Ren Z H,Hu R J,Zhang L J,et al.Evolution of the sandy beach in Haiyang[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2016,32(11):18-25.
[33]中华人民共和国水利部.土壤侵蚀分类分级标准Sl190-2007[S].北京:水利电力出版社,2008.The Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China.Standard for Classification and Grade of Soil Erosion Sl190-2007[S].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,2008.
[2]Duran Zuazo V,Rodriguez Pleguezuelo C.Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers.A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2008,28(1):65-86.
[3]傅伯杰,赵文武,陈利顶,等.多尺度土壤侵蚀评价指数[J].科学通报,2006,51(16):1936-1943.Fu B J,Zhao W W,Chen L D,et al.Multiscale soil loss evaluation index[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(16):1936-1943.
[4]郑粉莉.浅谈我国土壤侵蚀学科亟待加强的研究领域[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):26-31.Zheng F L.Preliminary opinions on strengthening research field of soil erosion science[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,6(2):26-31.
[5]齐述华,蒋梅鑫,于秀波.基于遥感和ULSE模型评价1995-2005年江西土壤侵蚀[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(7):1197-1203.Qi S H,Jiang M X,Yu X B.Evaluating soil erosion in Jiangxi Province with USLE model and remote sensing technology during1995-2005[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(7):1197-1203.
[6]Baver L D.Ewald Wollny-apioneer in soil and water conservation research[J].Soil Science Society Proceedings,1939,3(C):330-333.
[7]Miller M F.Waste through soil erosion[J].Journal of American Society of Agronomy,1926,18(2):153-160.
[8]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Predicting Rainfall-Erosion Losses from Cropland East of the Rockey Mountains[M].USDA Agricultural Handbook,1965:292.
[9]张光辉.土壤侵蚀模型研究现状与展望[J].水科学进展,2002,13(3):389-395.Zhang G H.Research situation and prospect of the soil erosion model[J].Advances in Water Science,2002,13(3):389-395.
[10]蔡强国.坡面侵蚀产沙模型的研究[J].地理研究,1988,7(4):94-102.Cai Q G.Research on sediment yield model of slope erosion[J].Geographical research,1988,7(4):94-102.
[11]刘善建.天水水土流失测验的初步分析[J].科学通报,1953,12:59-65.Liu S J.Preliminary analysis of soil and water loss test in Tianshui[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1953,12:59-65.
[12]李占斌,朱冰冰,李鹏.土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究进展[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):803-809.Li Z B,Zhu B B,Li P.Advancement in study on soil erosion and soil and water conservation[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):803-809.
[13]马志尊.应用卫星影象估算通用土壤流失方程各因子值方法的探讨[J].中国水土保持,1989(3):24-27.Ma Z Z.Discussion on the method of estimating the factors of USLE using satellite images[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1989(3):24-27.
[14]刘刚才,罗志平,张先婉.川中丘陵区土壤侵蚀及其P值的确定[J].水土保持学报,1992,7(2):41-44.Liu G C,Luo Z P,Zhang X W.The soil erosion and Pvalues in hilly area of the central Sichuan[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1992,7(2):41-44.
[15]游松财,李文卿.GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算-以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(1):62-68.You S C,Li W Q.Estimation of soil erosion supported by GIS-Acase study in Guanji township,Tanhe,Jiangxi[J].Journal of Natural Resources,1999,14(1):62-68.
[16]刘敏超,李迪强,温琰茂,等.三江源地区土壤保持功能空间分析及其价值评估[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(5):627-631.Liu M C,Li D Q,Wen Y M,et al.The spatial analysis of soil retention function in Sanjiangyuan region and value evaluation[J].China Environmental Science,2005,25(5):627-631.
[17]刘富强.山东省沙质海岸防护林群落多样性及其土壤理化性质研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009.Liu F Q.Study on Community Diversity and Physical and Chemical Property of Soil of Interlace Zone of Sandy Coastal in Shandong[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2009.
[18]张泽华.海阳港建设对砂质海岸影响的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.Zhang Z H.Study on Impacts of The haiyang Harbor’s Construction on the Sandy Coast[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.
[19]赵彤彤.海阳市土地整治潜力与时空布局研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2014.Zhao T T.Study on Land Consolidation Potential and SpatialTemporal Layout in Haiyang City[D].Jinan:Shangdong Normal University,2014.
[20]贾燕锋.陕北典型小流域立地-群落-土壤侵蚀量的对应模拟研究[D].咸阳:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2011.Jia Y F.Corresponding Simulation on Sites-Communities-Soil Loss of the Typical Watersheds in Northern Shanxi Provice[D].Xianyang:Research Central of Soil and Water Conservation,2011.
[21]张晓云,叶夏,黄曦,等.基于GIS和USLE的朱溪河小流域土壤侵蚀量估算[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(3):51-54.Zhang X Y,Ye X,Huang X,et al.Estimation of soil erosion in Zhuxi river watershed based on GIS and USLE[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2011,18(3):51-54.
[22]倪九派,傅涛,李瑞雪,等.应用ARC/INFO预测芋子沟小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):29-32.Ni J P,Fu T,Li R X,et al.Supplying geographical information system ARC/INFO to predict soil erosion of watershed[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(4):29-32.
[23]王成.龙河流域土地利用/覆被变化与土壤侵蚀效应评价[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.Wang C.Land Use/Cover Change and Soil Erosion Effect Assessment in Longhe Watershed[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2013.
[24]周泽丽.重庆典型岩溶山区LUCC与土壤侵蚀的关系研究-以金佛山地区为例[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.Zhou Z L.The Relationship Between Soil Erosion and LUCC in Typical Karst Mountainous Area in Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2010.
[25]王文海,吴桑云.山东省海岸侵蚀灾害研究[J].自然灾害学报,1993,2(4):60-66.Wang W H,Wu S Y.A study on the disasters caused by coastal erosion in Shandong province[J].Jouranl of Natural Disasters,1993,2(4):60-66.
[26]夏东兴,武桂秋,杨鸣(主编).山东省海洋灾害研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,1999.Xia D X,Wu G Q,Yang M.Study on Marine Disasters in Shandong Province[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1999.
[27]张绪良.山东省海洋灾害及防治研究[J].海洋通报,2004,23(3):66-72.Zhang X L.Marine disasters and their reduction in Shandong province[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2004,23(3):66-72.
[28]陈吉余(主编).中国海岸侵蚀概要[M].北京:海洋出版社,2010.Chen J Y.Summary of Coastal Erosion in China[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2010.
[29]夏东兴,边淑华,丰爱平,等.海岸带地貌学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014.Xia D X,Bian S H,Feng A P,et al.Coastal Zone Geomorphology[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2014.
[30]岳娜娜.离岸人工岛对沙质海岸的影响研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.Yue N N.Impact Studies of the Man-Made Island Project to the Vicinity of Area on the Sandy Coast[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2008.
[31]宫立新.山东半岛东部海滩侵蚀现状与保护研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.Gong L X.Erosion Situation and Protection of Beach in Eastern Part of Shandong Peninsula[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014.
[32]任智会,胡日军,张连杰,等.海阳砂质海岸岸滩演化[J].海洋地质前沿,2016,32(11):18-25.Ren Z H,Hu R J,Zhang L J,et al.Evolution of the sandy beach in Haiyang[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2016,32(11):18-25.
[33]中华人民共和国水利部.土壤侵蚀分类分级标准Sl190-2007[S].北京:水利电力出版社,2008.The Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China.Standard for Classification and Grade of Soil Erosion Sl190-2007[S].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,2008.