我国硬式护岸、渔港工程和人工岛等3类典型海岸工程对相邻海滩的影响研究
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摘要
我国硬式护岸、渔港工程和人工岛等3类典型海岸工程对相邻海滩有显著影响.本研究以泉州青山湾护岸、泉州崇武中心渔港、海口南海明珠人工岛等建设前后海滩变化为例,开展对海滩岸线形态及部分典型剖面形态的对比分析.结果表明,临海硬式护岸岸前海滩发生明显下蚀,护岸下游海滩岸线侵蚀后退,发育侵蚀热点,剖面伴有下蚀;渔港工程拦沙堤附近岸线局部淤涨,下游海滩岸线大范围侵蚀后退,出现侵蚀热点,侵蚀热点处剖面明显下蚀;人工岛后波影区内海滩淤积,形成沙岬或连岛沙坝突出体,突出体两侧岸线均发生不同程度侵蚀后退.通过分析典型工程案例,探讨了3类海岸工程对相邻海滩的影响方式、影响尺度和原因,对比分析不同类型海岸工程对相邻海滩的负面影响,可为海岸工程建设管理和海滩保护提供参考.
The impacts of hard revetment,harbor engineering and artificial island on coastal morphology are evident in China. This study compares the beach shoreline position and beach typical profiles before and after the construction of Qingshan Bay revetment and Chongwu harbor in Quanzhou Bay and Nanhaimingzhu artificial island in Haikou Bay. The results show that obvious downward erosion on the front of the revetment and beach appears on the downstream of the revetment. Sedimentary deposits occur near the sand barrier of the harbor. Erosion on a big scale on the downstream of the beach with erosion hot spot. Obvious downward erosion is found on the profile of the erosion section. For the artificial island,sandbar and island-connecting-headland are formed by the sedimentary deposits behind the island,where they are eroded at the both sides of the protrusion. Based on the analysis of typical engineering cases,the influences of 3 types of coastal engineering at the beaches are discussed and compared. This study will provide references data for the construction management of coastal engineering and beach protection.
The impacts of hard revetment,harbor engineering and artificial island on coastal morphology are evident in China. This study compares the beach shoreline position and beach typical profiles before and after the construction of Qingshan Bay revetment and Chongwu harbor in Quanzhou Bay and Nanhaimingzhu artificial island in Haikou Bay. The results show that obvious downward erosion on the front of the revetment and beach appears on the downstream of the revetment. Sedimentary deposits occur near the sand barrier of the harbor. Erosion on a big scale on the downstream of the beach with erosion hot spot. Obvious downward erosion is found on the profile of the erosion section. For the artificial island,sandbar and island-connecting-headland are formed by the sedimentary deposits behind the island,where they are eroded at the both sides of the protrusion. Based on the analysis of typical engineering cases,the influences of 3 types of coastal engineering at the beaches are discussed and compared. This study will provide references data for the construction management of coastal engineering and beach protection.
引文
[1]张训华,孙晓明,印萍,等.推进海岸带综合地质调查,为社会经济持续发展提供支撑[J].海洋地质前沿,2015,31(1):1-8.
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[4] KANA T W,SVETLICHNY M. Artificial manipulation of beach profiles[C]//American Society of Civil Engineers. Proceedings of the eighteenth coastal engineering conference vol II. Cape Town:American Society of Civil Engineers,1982:903-922.
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[9]龚文平,李昌宇,林国尧,等. DELFT 3D在离岸人工岛建设中的应用:以海南岛万宁日月湾人工岛为例[J].海洋工程,2012,30(3):35-44.
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[12]左其华,窦希萍.中国海岸工程进展[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014.
[13]国家海洋局. 2015中国海洋统计年鉴[M].北京:海洋出版社,2016.
[14]高义,王辉,苏奋振,等.中国大陆海岸线近30a的时空变化分析[J].海洋学报,2013,35(6):31-42.
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[16]左其华,窦希萍,段子冰.我国海岸工程技术展望[J].海洋工程,2015(1):1-13.
[17]蔡锋,雷刚,丰爱平,等.海岸侵蚀现状评价与防治技术研究[R].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2010.
[18]蔡锋,雷刚,陈兴俊,等.泉州青山湾沙滩修复工程可行性研究报告[R].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2012.
[19]戚洪帅,蔡锋,苏贤泽,等.热带风暴作用下海滩地貌过程模式初探以0604号热带风暴“碧利斯”对半月湾海滩的作用为例[J].海洋学报,2009,31(1):168-176.
[20]石萍,曹玲珑,莫文渊,等.人工岛建设对海口湾西海岸岸滩稳定性影响[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(5):57-63.
[21]于东生,陈智杰,杨金艳,等.海口南海明珠生态岛项目建设对岸线变化及海洋环境变化专题论证报告[R].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2016.
[22]季小强,陆培东,喻国华.离岸堤在海岸防护中的应用探讨[J].水利水运工程学报,2011(1):35-43.
[23]姜梅.略论护岸工程的负面影响:以美国护岸工程为例[J].海岸工程,2000(1):64-68.
[24] DEAN R G. Coastal armoring:Effects,principles and mitigation[C]//BILLY L E. Coastal engineering 1986 proceedings.Taipei:American Society of Civil Engineers,1986:1 843-1 857.
[25] MOUTZOURIS C I. Effect of harbour works on the morphology of three Greek coasts[C]//International Navigation Committee. 27th international navigation congress proceedings. Osaka:Transportation Research Board,1990:17-21.
[26] UDA T. Beach erosion in Japan[M]. Tokyo:Sankai Do Publishing Company,1997.
[27] UDA T. Beach erosion arising from artificial land modification[J]. Journal Disaster Research,2007,2(1):29-36.
[28]严恺.海岸工程[M].北京:海洋出版社,2002.
[29]曹玲珑,许炜铭,王平,等.铺前湾水动力及冲淤特性对人工岛建设的响应[J].海洋湖沼通报,2013(3):161-171.
[30]林雪萍.离岸人工岛对沙质海岸岸滩演变影响研究[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2017.
[31] HARRIS M M,HERBICH J B. Effects of breakwater spacing on sand entrapment[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research,1986,24(5):347-357.
[32] MCCORMICK M E. Equilibrium shoreline response to breakwaters[J]. Journal of Waterway Port Coastal&Ocean Engineering,1993,119(6):657-670.
[33] DALLY W R,POPE J. Detached breakwaters for shore protection[R]. Vicksburg:United States Army Coastal Engineering Research Center,1986.
[2] WALTON T L,SENSABAUGH W. Seawall design on the open coast[R]. Gainesville:University of Florida,1979.
[3] HOWARD J D,PILKEY O H,KAUFMAN A. Strategy for beach preservation proposed[J]. Geotimes,1985,30(12):15-19.
[4] KANA T W,SVETLICHNY M. Artificial manipulation of beach profiles[C]//American Society of Civil Engineers. Proceedings of the eighteenth coastal engineering conference vol II. Cape Town:American Society of Civil Engineers,1982:903-922.
[5] PLANT N,GRIGGS G B. Coastal landslides caused by the October 17,1989 earthquake[J]. California Geology,1990,43(3):75-84.
[6]刘建辉.福建砂质海岸侵蚀机制及影响因素分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[7]李兵,蔡锋,曹立华,等.福建砂质海岸侵蚀原因和防护对策研究[J].台湾海峡,2009,28(2):156-162.
[8]庄振业,杨燕雄,刘会欣.环渤海砂质岸侵蚀和海滩养护[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(2):1-9.
[9]龚文平,李昌宇,林国尧,等. DELFT 3D在离岸人工岛建设中的应用:以海南岛万宁日月湾人工岛为例[J].海洋工程,2012,30(3):35-44.
[10]季荣耀,陆永军,左利钦.岛屿海岸工程作用下的水沙动力过程研究[J].水科学进展,2008,19(5):640-649.
[11] LU Y,JI R,ZUO L. Morphodynamic responses to the deep water harbor development in the Caofeidian sea area,China's Bohai Bay[J]. Coastal Engineering,2009,56(8):831-843.
[12]左其华,窦希萍.中国海岸工程进展[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014.
[13]国家海洋局. 2015中国海洋统计年鉴[M].北京:海洋出版社,2016.
[14]高义,王辉,苏奋振,等.中国大陆海岸线近30a的时空变化分析[J].海洋学报,2013,35(6):31-42.
[15]侯西勇,侯婉,毋亭. 20世纪40年代初以来中国大陆沿海主要海湾形态变化[J].地理学报,2016,71(1):118-129.
[16]左其华,窦希萍,段子冰.我国海岸工程技术展望[J].海洋工程,2015(1):1-13.
[17]蔡锋,雷刚,丰爱平,等.海岸侵蚀现状评价与防治技术研究[R].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2010.
[18]蔡锋,雷刚,陈兴俊,等.泉州青山湾沙滩修复工程可行性研究报告[R].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2012.
[19]戚洪帅,蔡锋,苏贤泽,等.热带风暴作用下海滩地貌过程模式初探以0604号热带风暴“碧利斯”对半月湾海滩的作用为例[J].海洋学报,2009,31(1):168-176.
[20]石萍,曹玲珑,莫文渊,等.人工岛建设对海口湾西海岸岸滩稳定性影响[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(5):57-63.
[21]于东生,陈智杰,杨金艳,等.海口南海明珠生态岛项目建设对岸线变化及海洋环境变化专题论证报告[R].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2016.
[22]季小强,陆培东,喻国华.离岸堤在海岸防护中的应用探讨[J].水利水运工程学报,2011(1):35-43.
[23]姜梅.略论护岸工程的负面影响:以美国护岸工程为例[J].海岸工程,2000(1):64-68.
[24] DEAN R G. Coastal armoring:Effects,principles and mitigation[C]//BILLY L E. Coastal engineering 1986 proceedings.Taipei:American Society of Civil Engineers,1986:1 843-1 857.
[25] MOUTZOURIS C I. Effect of harbour works on the morphology of three Greek coasts[C]//International Navigation Committee. 27th international navigation congress proceedings. Osaka:Transportation Research Board,1990:17-21.
[26] UDA T. Beach erosion in Japan[M]. Tokyo:Sankai Do Publishing Company,1997.
[27] UDA T. Beach erosion arising from artificial land modification[J]. Journal Disaster Research,2007,2(1):29-36.
[28]严恺.海岸工程[M].北京:海洋出版社,2002.
[29]曹玲珑,许炜铭,王平,等.铺前湾水动力及冲淤特性对人工岛建设的响应[J].海洋湖沼通报,2013(3):161-171.
[30]林雪萍.离岸人工岛对沙质海岸岸滩演变影响研究[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2017.
[31] HARRIS M M,HERBICH J B. Effects of breakwater spacing on sand entrapment[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research,1986,24(5):347-357.
[32] MCCORMICK M E. Equilibrium shoreline response to breakwaters[J]. Journal of Waterway Port Coastal&Ocean Engineering,1993,119(6):657-670.
[33] DALLY W R,POPE J. Detached breakwaters for shore protection[R]. Vicksburg:United States Army Coastal Engineering Research Center,1986.