施用无害化污泥影响土壤碳库组分和碳库管理指数的演变
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摘要
以小麦-玉米轮作体系下的沙质潮土为研究对象,选用经无害化处理后符合国家标准且在推荐量范围内的商业化污泥产品,通过2013~2015年田间定位试验,研究无害化污泥施用对沙质潮土土壤碳库组分和碳库管理指数的影响,为无害化污泥资源化利用提供理论和技术依据.结果表明,与不施无害化污泥处理(CK)相比,土壤总有机碳(TOC)、微生物量碳(SMBC)、易氧化有机碳(LOC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)施用污泥各处理分别显著增加到了8.40~14.74 g·kg-1、164.45~257.45 mg·kg-1、3.58~4.88 g·kg-1和81.16~101.58 mg·kg-1(P<0.05),其中各活性有机碳组分SMBC、LOC和DOC分别显著提高了84.00%~188.07%,26.26%~58.03%和109.58%~185.39%(P<0.05),其中45 t·hm~(-2)污泥(W3)处理提升效果最明显;施污泥各处理土壤微生物量熵(SMBC/TOC)和易氧化有机碳有效率(LOC/TOC)均有升高趋势,提高范围分别为8.02%~2.77%和13.75%~46.48%,土壤可溶性有机碳有效率(DOC/TOC)施污泥各处理分别显著降低了17.06%~40.94%(P<0.05),并且随污泥施用量的增大,SMBC/TOC、LOC/TOC和DOC/TOC呈下降趋势,说明施用45 t·hm~(-2)污泥增大了土壤中稳定态碳含量,导致其比值降低;施污泥各处理土壤碳库活度(L)和碳库指数(LI)随污泥施用量增大而降低,说明施用45 t·hm~(-2)污泥其土壤稳定态碳含量高,有利于沙质潮土土壤有机碳的积累;施污泥各处理土壤碳库管理指数(CMPI)显著提高了153.45%~195.40%,其中W3处理提升效果最为明显;通过相关性分析及冗余分析得出,用CMPI来表征土壤肥力的变化比用TOC更灵敏、直接,能更好地反映出土壤养分及碳库的动态变化.综上,施用15~45 t·hm~(-2)污泥可以显著提高沙质潮土土壤活性碳库各组分含量和碳库管理指数,尤以施用45 t·hm~(-2)(W3)污泥效果最为显著.
The products of non-hazardous commercial sewage sludge were utilized in the accordance of the national standard in the experiment with sandy fluvo-aquic soil under wheat-maize rotation system during 2013 to 2015. The experiment focused on the effects of the use of non-hazardous sewage sludge on soil carbon pool and carbon pool management index to provide theoretical and technical basis for the resource utilization of non-hazardous sewage sludge. The results showed that compared with CK,soil amended sludge significantly improved soil total organic carbon( TOC),soil microbial biomass carbon( SMBC),labile organic carbon( LOC),and dissolved organic carbon( DOC) to 8. 40-14. 74 g·kg~(-1),164. 45-257. 45 mg·kg~(-1),3. 58-4. 88 g·kg~(-1)and 81. 16-101. 58 mg·kg~(-1),soil amended sludge significantly enhanced SMBC,LOC and DOC by 84. 00%-188. 07%,26. 26%-58. 03%,and 109. 58%-185. 39%( P < 0. 05) respectively,and 45 t·hm~(-2)sewage sludge( W3) had the most significant impact on soil carbon pool. The soil microbial entropy( SMBC / TOC),and utilization of labile organic carbon( LOC / TOC) increased by 8. 02%-2. 77% and 13. 75%-46. 48% respectively,and the utilization of dissolved organic carbon( DOC / TOC) significantly decreased by 153. 45%-195. 40%( P< 0. 05). SMBC / TOC,LOC / TOC,and DOC / TOC declined in treatments of soil amended sludge due to increased application of sewage sludge,which indicated that soil amended with 45 t·hm~(-2)of the sewage sludge improved the content of stable carbon resultingin the decease of the ratio. L and LI decreased with the increasing amount of sewage sludge indicating that soil amended with 45t·hm~(-2)of the sewage sludge improved the content of stable carbon and was conducive to the accumulation of organic carbon. Soil amended with sludge significantly increased carbon pool management index( CMPI) by 153. 45%-195. 40%( P < 0. 05),and W3 had the most significant effect on CMPI. Compared with TOC,CMPI could be more sensitive and direct to reflect the dynamic changes of soil nutrients and carbon pools through the correlation analysis and redundancy analysis. In summary,the application of 15-45 t·hm~(-2)sewage sludge could significantly enhance the soil carbon pool and carbon pool management index,especially 45 t·hm~(-2)sewage sludge( W3).
The products of non-hazardous commercial sewage sludge were utilized in the accordance of the national standard in the experiment with sandy fluvo-aquic soil under wheat-maize rotation system during 2013 to 2015. The experiment focused on the effects of the use of non-hazardous sewage sludge on soil carbon pool and carbon pool management index to provide theoretical and technical basis for the resource utilization of non-hazardous sewage sludge. The results showed that compared with CK,soil amended sludge significantly improved soil total organic carbon( TOC),soil microbial biomass carbon( SMBC),labile organic carbon( LOC),and dissolved organic carbon( DOC) to 8. 40-14. 74 g·kg~(-1),164. 45-257. 45 mg·kg~(-1),3. 58-4. 88 g·kg~(-1)and 81. 16-101. 58 mg·kg~(-1),soil amended sludge significantly enhanced SMBC,LOC and DOC by 84. 00%-188. 07%,26. 26%-58. 03%,and 109. 58%-185. 39%( P < 0. 05) respectively,and 45 t·hm~(-2)sewage sludge( W3) had the most significant impact on soil carbon pool. The soil microbial entropy( SMBC / TOC),and utilization of labile organic carbon( LOC / TOC) increased by 8. 02%-2. 77% and 13. 75%-46. 48% respectively,and the utilization of dissolved organic carbon( DOC / TOC) significantly decreased by 153. 45%-195. 40%( P< 0. 05). SMBC / TOC,LOC / TOC,and DOC / TOC declined in treatments of soil amended sludge due to increased application of sewage sludge,which indicated that soil amended with 45 t·hm~(-2)of the sewage sludge improved the content of stable carbon resultingin the decease of the ratio. L and LI decreased with the increasing amount of sewage sludge indicating that soil amended with 45t·hm~(-2)of the sewage sludge improved the content of stable carbon and was conducive to the accumulation of organic carbon. Soil amended with sludge significantly increased carbon pool management index( CMPI) by 153. 45%-195. 40%( P < 0. 05),and W3 had the most significant effect on CMPI. Compared with TOC,CMPI could be more sensitive and direct to reflect the dynamic changes of soil nutrients and carbon pools through the correlation analysis and redundancy analysis. In summary,the application of 15-45 t·hm~(-2)sewage sludge could significantly enhance the soil carbon pool and carbon pool management index,especially 45 t·hm~(-2)sewage sludge( W3).
引文
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[6]蔡函臻,宁西翠,王权,等.碱性固体对污泥的调质堆肥影响及产品对土壤的改良潜力[J].环境科学,2016,37(12):4848-4856.Cai H Z,Ning X C,Wang Q,et al.Alkali solids amendment on sewage sludge aerobic composting and the related products on infertile soil amelioration[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(12):4848-4856.
[7]李霞,李法云,荣湘民,等.城市污泥改良沙地土壤过程中氮磷的淋溶特征与风险分析[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):93-97,102.Li X,Li F Y,Rong X M,et al.Risk and leaching characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in sandy soil amended with sewage sludge[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(4):93-97,102.
[8]Jorge-Mardomingo I,Soler-Rovira P,Casermeiro M,et al.Seasonal changes in microbial activity in a semiarid soil after application of a high dose of different organic amendments[J].Geoderma,2013,206:40-48.
[9]刘恋,张建峰,姜慧敏,等.无害化污泥施用对土壤有机质、微生物量碳和氮含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):978-984.Liu L,Zhang J F,Jiang H M,et al.Effects of non-hazardous sewage sludge application on soil organic matter and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(5):978-984.
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[11]Ojeda G,Ortiz O,Medina C R,et al.Carbon sequestration in a limestone quarry mine soil amended with sewage sludge[J].Soil Use and Management,2015,31(2):270-278.
[12]Li H L,Qu R H,Yan L G,et al.Field study on the uptake and translocation of PBDEs by wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)in soils amended with sewage sludge[J].Chemosphere,2015,123:87-92.
[13]Ramdani N,Hamou A,Lousdad A,et al.Physicochemical characterization of sewage sludge and green waste for agricultural utilization[J].Environmental Technology,2015,13(12):1594-1604.
[14]Fernández J M,Plaza C,García-Gil J C,et al.Biochemical properties and barley yield in a semiarid Mediterranean soil amended with two kinds of sewage sludge[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2009,42(1):18-24.
[15]刘向华.可持续发展战略下河南粮食生产能力提高的低碳路径探析[J].生态经济,2015,31(9):114-117.Liu X H.Analysis on low-carbon development of grain productivity in Henan under the strategy of sustainability[J].Ecological Economy,2015,31(9):114-117.
[16]周东兴,ЕськоВАИ,КасатиковВА,等.城市污泥对大麦生长发育和土壤肥力的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(4):37-41.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[18]Best E X.An automated method for determining nitrate-nitrogen in soil extracts[J].Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences,1976,33(2):161-166.
[19]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.
[20]彭华,纪雄辉,吴家梅,等.不同稻草还田模式下双季稻土壤有机碳及碳库管理指数研究[J].生态学报杂志,2016,25(4):563-568.Peng H,Ji X H,Wu J M,et al.Organic carbon and carbon pool management index in soil under different rice straw returning way in double-croping paddy fields[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(4):563-568.
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