生态沟渠吸收氮磷效果研究
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摘要
采用模拟沟渠试验,研究了9种水生植物吸收氮磷能力的差异,并选择氮磷吸收能力较好品种构建生态沟渠和氧化塘,研究其氮磷吸收效果。结果表明,种植水生植物后模拟沟渠水中氮磷残留量显著减少,美人蕉、狐尾藻、珍珠梅、海寿花和茭白的生物量高,氮磷的吸收量大,其中种植美人蕉和狐尾藻效果最佳。农田排水中氮磷通过生态沟渠水生植物吸收后浓度显著降低;主沟总氮、可溶性氮和总磷浓度平均降低39.6%、40.1%和36.9%;支沟总氮、可溶性氮和总磷浓度可再平均降低6.6%、10.3%和13.6%;氧化塘总氮和总磷浓度可再降低17.7%和13.3%。生态沟渠可有效拦截水体氮磷,具有净化水质的良好生态效益。
The difference of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake capacity of 9 aquatic plants was studied by simulated ditch experiment. The ecological ditch and oxidation pond were constructed by selecting the varieties with better nitrogen and phosphorus uptake capacity, and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake was studied. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus residues in simulated ditch water were significantly reduced after planting aquatic plants. The biomass of Canna glauca, Myriophyllum elatinoides, Sorbaria sorbifolia, Pontederia cordata and Zizania was high, and the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus was high. Among them, planting Canna glauca and Myriophyllum elatinoides was the best. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage decreased significantly after being absorbed by aquatic plants in ecological ditches; the concentration of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and total phosphorus in main ditches decreased by 39.6%,40.1% and 36.9% on average; the concentration of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and total phosphorus in branch ditches decreased by 6.6%, 10.3%and 13.6% on average. The concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the oxidation pond could be further reduced by 17.7% and13.3%. Ecological ditches can effectively intercept nitrogen and phosphorus in water, and have good ecological benefits of purifying water quality.
The difference of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake capacity of 9 aquatic plants was studied by simulated ditch experiment. The ecological ditch and oxidation pond were constructed by selecting the varieties with better nitrogen and phosphorus uptake capacity, and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake was studied. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus residues in simulated ditch water were significantly reduced after planting aquatic plants. The biomass of Canna glauca, Myriophyllum elatinoides, Sorbaria sorbifolia, Pontederia cordata and Zizania was high, and the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus was high. Among them, planting Canna glauca and Myriophyllum elatinoides was the best. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage decreased significantly after being absorbed by aquatic plants in ecological ditches; the concentration of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and total phosphorus in main ditches decreased by 39.6%,40.1% and 36.9% on average; the concentration of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and total phosphorus in branch ditches decreased by 6.6%, 10.3%and 13.6% on average. The concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the oxidation pond could be further reduced by 17.7% and13.3%. Ecological ditches can effectively intercept nitrogen and phosphorus in water, and have good ecological benefits of purifying water quality.
引文
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[12]汪秀芳,许开平,叶碎高,等.四种冬季水生植物组合对富营养化水体的净化效果[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):401-406.
[13]何娜,孙占祥,张玉龙,等.不同水生植物去除水体氮磷的效果[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(4):1295-1300.
[14]黄亮,黎道丰,蔡庆华,等.不同水生植物对滇池入湖河道污水净化效能的比较[J].生态环境,2008,17(4):1385-1389.
[15]苗金,原海燕,黄苏珍.10种水生观赏植物对不同富营养化水体的净化效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):60-64,75.
[16]范远红,崔理华,林运通,等.不同水生植物类型表面流人工湿地系统对污水厂尾水深度处理效果[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):2875-2880.
[17]汪文强,王子芳,高明.5种水生植物的脱氮除磷效果及其对水体胞外酶活的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(10):5440-5446.
[2]李秀芬,朱金兆,顾晓君,等.农业面源污染现状与防治进展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(4):81-84.
[3]李林锋,年跃刚,蒋高明.植物吸收在人工湿地脱氮除磷中的贡献[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(3):337-342.
[4]张树楠,肖润林,刘锋,等.生态沟渠对氮、磷污染物的拦截效应[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4516-4522.
[5]李红芳,刘锋,肖润林,等.水生植物对生态沟渠底泥磷吸附特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):157-163.
[6]Liu R M,Wang J W,Shi J H,et al.Runoff characteristics and nutrient loss mechanism from plain farmland under simulated rainfall conditions[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,468/469:1069-1077.
[7]胡宏祥,朱小红,黄界颍,等.关于沟渠生态拦截氮磷的研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(2):141-145.
[8]王岩,王建国,李伟,等.生态沟渠对农田排水中氮磷的去除机理初探[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(6):586-590.
[9]余红兵,杨知建,肖润林,等.水生植物的氮磷吸收能力及收割管理研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):294-299.
[10]张芳,易能,邸攀攀,等.不同水生植物的除氮效率及对生物脱氮过程的调节作用[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(2):174-180
[11]余红兵,肖润林,杨知建,等.灌溉和降雨条件下生态沟渠氮、磷输出特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(5):686-692.
[12]汪秀芳,许开平,叶碎高,等.四种冬季水生植物组合对富营养化水体的净化效果[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):401-406.
[13]何娜,孙占祥,张玉龙,等.不同水生植物去除水体氮磷的效果[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(4):1295-1300.
[14]黄亮,黎道丰,蔡庆华,等.不同水生植物对滇池入湖河道污水净化效能的比较[J].生态环境,2008,17(4):1385-1389.
[15]苗金,原海燕,黄苏珍.10种水生观赏植物对不同富营养化水体的净化效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):60-64,75.
[16]范远红,崔理华,林运通,等.不同水生植物类型表面流人工湿地系统对污水厂尾水深度处理效果[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):2875-2880.
[17]汪文强,王子芳,高明.5种水生植物的脱氮除磷效果及其对水体胞外酶活的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(10):5440-5446.